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Ubuntu安装nvm(无需梯子自动连接github下载安装)

news 2025/10/25 7:36:28

在Ubuntu系统上安装Node版本管理器（NVM）是一个相对简单的过程。NVM允许你安装和管理多个Node.js版本,但有个墙的问题可能无法访问github.这里提供解决方法.

在这里插入图片描述

在Ubuntu安装NVM 5分钟搞定：

一.NVM主要用于管理Node.js版本

  1. 安装nvm
    使用nvm-sh仓库

安装nvm：

打开终端，使用我提供的代理连接github的完整安装脚本进行全自动安装,只需复制下面的脚本,保存为install.sh：

#!/usr/bin/env bash{ # this ensures the entire script is downloaded #nvm_has() {type "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1
}nvm_echo() {command printf %s\\n "$*" 2>/dev/null
}nvm_grep() {GREP_OPTIONS='' command grep "$@"
}nvm_default_install_dir() {[ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm"
}nvm_install_dir() {if [ -n "$NVM_DIR" ]; thenprintf %s "${NVM_DIR}"elsenvm_default_install_dirfi
}nvm_latest_version() {nvm_echo "v0.39.1"
}nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh() {local TEST_PROFILETEST_PROFILE="${1-}"case "${TEST_PROFILE-}" in*"/.bashrc" | *"/.bash_profile" | *"/.zshrc")return;;*)return 1;;esac
}#
# Outputs the location to NVM depending on:
# * The availability of $NVM_SOURCE
# * The method used ("script" or "git" in the script, defaults to "git")
# NVM_SOURCE always takes precedence unless the method is "script-nvm-exec"
#
nvm_source() {local NVM_GITHUB_REPONVM_GITHUB_REPO="${NVM_INSTALL_GITHUB_REPO:-nvm-sh/nvm}"local NVM_VERSIONNVM_VERSION="${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-$(nvm_latest_version)}"local NVM_METHODNVM_METHOD="$1"local NVM_SOURCE_URLNVM_SOURCE_URL="$NVM_SOURCE"if [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script-nvm-exec" ]; thenNVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/nvm-exec"elif [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script-nvm-bash-completion" ]; thenNVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/bash_completion"elif [ -z "$NVM_SOURCE_URL" ]; thenif [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script" ]; thenNVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/nvm.sh"elif [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_git" ] || [ -z "$NVM_METHOD" ]; thenNVM_SOURCE_URL="https://dgithub.xyz/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}.git"elsenvm_echo >&2 "Unexpected value \"$NVM_METHOD\" for \$NVM_METHOD"return 1fifinvm_echo "$NVM_SOURCE_URL"
}#
# Node.js version to install
#
nvm_node_version() {nvm_echo "$NODE_VERSION"
}nvm_download() {if nvm_has "curl"; thencurl --fail --compressed -q "$@"elif nvm_has "wget"; then# Emulate curl with wgetARGS=$(nvm_echo "$@" | command sed -e 's/--progress-bar /--progress=bar /' \-e 's/--compressed //' \-e 's/--fail //' \-e 's/-L //' \-e 's/-I /--server-response /' \-e 's/-s /-q /' \-e 's/-sS /-nv /' \-e 's/-o /-O /' \-e 's/-C - /-c /')# shellcheck disable=SC2086eval wget $ARGSfi
}install_nvm_from_git() {local INSTALL_DIRINSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir)"local NVM_VERSIONNVM_VERSION="${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-$(nvm_latest_version)}"if [ -n "${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-}" ]; then# Check if version is an existing refif command git ls-remote "$(nvm_source "git")" "$NVM_VERSION" | nvm_grep -q "$NVM_VERSION" ; then:# Check if version is an existing changesetelif ! nvm_download -o /dev/null "$(nvm_source "script-nvm-exec")"; thennvm_echo >&2 "Failed to find '$NVM_VERSION' version."exit 1fifilocal fetch_errorif [ -d "$INSTALL_DIR/.git" ]; then# Updating reponvm_echo "=> nvm is already installed in $INSTALL_DIR, trying to update using git"command printf '\r=> 'fetch_error="Failed to update nvm with $NVM_VERSION, run 'git fetch' in $INSTALL_DIR yourself."elsefetch_error="Failed to fetch origin with $NVM_VERSION. Please report this!"nvm_echo "=> Downloading nvm from git to '$INSTALL_DIR'"command printf '\r=> 'mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}"if [ "$(ls -A "${INSTALL_DIR}")" ]; then# Initializing repocommand git init "${INSTALL_DIR}" || {nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to initialize nvm repo. Please report this!'exit 2}command git --git-dir="${INSTALL_DIR}/.git" remote add origin "$(nvm_source)" 2> /dev/null \|| command git --git-dir="${INSTALL_DIR}/.git" remote set-url origin "$(nvm_source)" || {nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to add remote "origin" (or set the URL). Please report this!'exit 2}else# Cloning repocommand git clone "$(nvm_source)" --depth=1 "${INSTALL_DIR}" || {nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to clone nvm repo. Please report this!'exit 2}fifi# Try to fetch tagif command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" fetch origin tag "$NVM_VERSION" --depth=1 2>/dev/null; then:# Fetch given versionelif ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" fetch origin "$NVM_VERSION" --depth=1; thennvm_echo >&2 "$fetch_error"exit 1ficommand git -c advice.detachedHead=false --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" checkout -f --quiet FETCH_HEAD || {nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to checkout the given version $NVM_VERSION. Please report this!"exit 2}if [ -n "$(command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" show-ref refs/heads/master)" ]; thenif command git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch --quiet 2>/dev/null; thencommand git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch --quiet -D master >/dev/null 2>&1elsenvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"command git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch -D master >/dev/null 2>&1fifinvm_echo "=> Compressing and cleaning up git repository"if ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" reflog expire --expire=now --all; thennvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"fiif ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" gc --auto --aggressive --prune=now ; thennvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"fireturn
}#
# Automatically install Node.js
#
nvm_install_node() {local NODE_VERSION_LOCALNODE_VERSION_LOCAL="$(nvm_node_version)"if [ -z "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL" ]; thenreturn 0finvm_echo "=> Installing Node.js version $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"nvm install "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"local CURRENT_NVM_NODECURRENT_NVM_NODE="$(nvm_version current)"if [ "$(nvm_version "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL")" == "$CURRENT_NVM_NODE" ]; thennvm_echo "=> Node.js version $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL has been successfully installed"elsenvm_echo >&2 "Failed to install Node.js $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"fi
}install_nvm_as_script() {local INSTALL_DIRINSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir)"local NVM_SOURCE_LOCALNVM_SOURCE_LOCAL="$(nvm_source script)"local NVM_EXEC_SOURCENVM_EXEC_SOURCE="$(nvm_source script-nvm-exec)"local NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCENVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE="$(nvm_source script-nvm-bash-completion)"# Downloading to $INSTALL_DIRmkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR"if [ -f "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm.sh" ]; thennvm_echo "=> nvm is already installed in $INSTALL_DIR, trying to update the script"elsenvm_echo "=> Downloading nvm as script to '$INSTALL_DIR'"finvm_download -s "$NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm.sh" || {nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL'"return 1} &nvm_download -s "$NVM_EXEC_SOURCE" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec" || {nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_EXEC_SOURCE'"return 2} &nvm_download -s "$NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/bash_completion" || {nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE'"return 2} &for job in $(jobs -p | command sort)dowait "$job" || return $?donechmod a+x "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec" || {nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to mark '$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec' as executable"return 3}
}nvm_try_profile() {if [ -z "${1-}" ] || [ ! -f "${1}" ]; thenreturn 1finvm_echo "${1}"
}#
# Detect profile file if not specified as environment variable
# (eg: PROFILE=~/.myprofile)
# The echo'ed path is guaranteed to be an existing file
# Otherwise, an empty string is returned
#
nvm_detect_profile() {if [ "${PROFILE-}" = '/dev/null' ]; then# the user has specifically requested NOT to have nvm touch their profilereturnfiif [ -n "${PROFILE}" ] && [ -f "${PROFILE}" ]; thennvm_echo "${PROFILE}"returnfilocal DETECTED_PROFILEDETECTED_PROFILE=''if [ "${SHELL#*bash}" != "$SHELL" ]; thenif [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; thenDETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.bashrc"elif [ -f "$HOME/.bash_profile" ]; thenDETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.bash_profile"fielif [ "${SHELL#*zsh}" != "$SHELL" ]; thenif [ -f "$HOME/.zshrc" ]; thenDETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.zshrc"fifiif [ -z "$DETECTED_PROFILE" ]; thenfor EACH_PROFILE in ".profile" ".bashrc" ".bash_profile" ".zshrc"doif DETECTED_PROFILE="$(nvm_try_profile "${HOME}/${EACH_PROFILE}")"; thenbreakfidonefiif [ -n "$DETECTED_PROFILE" ]; thennvm_echo "$DETECTED_PROFILE"fi
}#
# Check whether the user has any globally-installed npm modules in their system
# Node, and warn them if so.
#
nvm_check_global_modules() {local NPM_COMMANDNPM_COMMAND="$(command -v npm 2>/dev/null)" || return 0[ -n "${NVM_DIR}" ] && [ -z "${NPM_COMMAND%%"$NVM_DIR"/*}" ] && return 0local NPM_VERSIONNPM_VERSION="$(npm --version)"NPM_VERSION="${NPM_VERSION:--1}"[ "${NPM_VERSION%%[!-0-9]*}" -gt 0 ] || return 0local NPM_GLOBAL_MODULESNPM_GLOBAL_MODULES="$(npm list -g --depth=0 |command sed -e '/ npm@/d' -e '/ (empty)$/d')"local MODULE_COUNTMODULE_COUNT="$(command printf %s\\n "$NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES" |command sed -ne '1!p' |                     # Remove the first linewc -l | command tr -d ' '                   # Count entries)"if [ "${MODULE_COUNT}" != '0' ]; then# shellcheck disable=SC2016nvm_echo '=> You currently have modules installed globally with `npm`. These will no'# shellcheck disable=SC2016nvm_echo '=> longer be linked to the active version of Node when you install a new node'# shellcheck disable=SC2016nvm_echo '=> with `nvm`; and they may (depending on how you construct your `$PATH`)'# shellcheck disable=SC2016nvm_echo '=> override the binaries of modules installed with `nvm`:'nvm_echocommand printf %s\\n "$NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES"nvm_echo '=> If you wish to uninstall them at a later point (or re-install them under your'# shellcheck disable=SC2016nvm_echo '=> `nvm` Nodes), you can remove them from the system Node as follows:'nvm_echonvm_echo '     $ nvm use system'nvm_echo '     $ npm uninstall -g a_module'nvm_echofi
}nvm_do_install() {if [ -n "${NVM_DIR-}" ] && ! [ -d "${NVM_DIR}" ]; thenif [ -e "${NVM_DIR}" ]; thennvm_echo >&2 "File \"${NVM_DIR}\" has the same name as installation directory."exit 1fiif [ "${NVM_DIR}" = "$(nvm_default_install_dir)" ]; thenmkdir "${NVM_DIR}"elsenvm_echo >&2 "You have \$NVM_DIR set to \"${NVM_DIR}\", but that directory does not exist. Check your profile files and environment."exit 1fifiif [ -z "${METHOD}" ]; then# Autodetect install methodif nvm_has git; theninstall_nvm_from_gitelif nvm_has curl || nvm_has wget; theninstall_nvm_as_scriptelsenvm_echo >&2 'You need git, curl, or wget to install nvm'exit 1fielif [ "${METHOD}" = 'git' ]; thenif ! nvm_has git; thennvm_echo >&2 "You need git to install nvm"exit 1fiinstall_nvm_from_gitelif [ "${METHOD}" = 'script' ]; thenif ! nvm_has curl && ! nvm_has wget; thennvm_echo >&2 "You need curl or wget to install nvm"exit 1fiinstall_nvm_as_scriptelsenvm_echo >&2 "The environment variable \$METHOD is set to \"${METHOD}\", which is not recognized as a valid installation method."exit 1finvm_echolocal NVM_PROFILENVM_PROFILE="$(nvm_detect_profile)"local PROFILE_INSTALL_DIRPROFILE_INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir | command sed "s:^$HOME:\$HOME:")"SOURCE_STR="\\nexport NVM_DIR=\"${PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR}\"\\n[ -s \"\$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh\" ] && \\. \"\$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh\"  # This loads nvm\\n"# shellcheck disable=SC2016COMPLETION_STR='[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion"  # This loads nvm bash_completion\n'BASH_OR_ZSH=falseif [ -z "${NVM_PROFILE-}" ] ; thenlocal TRIED_PROFILEif [ -n "${PROFILE}" ]; thenTRIED_PROFILE="${NVM_PROFILE} (as defined in \$PROFILE), "finvm_echo "=> Profile not found. Tried ${TRIED_PROFILE-}~/.bashrc, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.zshrc, and ~/.profile."nvm_echo "=> Create one of them and run this script again"nvm_echo "   OR"nvm_echo "=> Append the following lines to the correct file yourself:"command printf "${SOURCE_STR}"nvm_echoelseif nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh "${NVM_PROFILE-}"; thenBASH_OR_ZSH=truefiif ! command grep -qc '/nvm.sh' "$NVM_PROFILE"; thennvm_echo "=> Appending nvm source string to $NVM_PROFILE"command printf "${SOURCE_STR}" >> "$NVM_PROFILE"elsenvm_echo "=> nvm source string already in ${NVM_PROFILE}"fi# shellcheck disable=SC2016if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} && ! command grep -qc '$NVM_DIR/bash_completion' "$NVM_PROFILE"; thennvm_echo "=> Appending bash_completion source string to $NVM_PROFILE"command printf "$COMPLETION_STR" >> "$NVM_PROFILE"elsenvm_echo "=> bash_completion source string already in ${NVM_PROFILE}"fifiif ${BASH_OR_ZSH} && [ -z "${NVM_PROFILE-}" ] ; thennvm_echo "=> Please also append the following lines to the if you are using bash/zsh shell:"command printf "${COMPLETION_STR}"fi# Source nvm# shellcheck source=/dev/null\. "$(nvm_install_dir)/nvm.sh"nvm_check_global_modulesnvm_install_nodenvm_resetnvm_echo "=> Close and reopen your terminal to start using nvm or run the following to use it now:"command printf "${SOURCE_STR}"if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} ; thencommand printf "${COMPLETION_STR}"fi
}#
# Unsets the various functions defined
# during the execution of the install script
#
nvm_reset() {unset -f nvm_has nvm_install_dir nvm_latest_version nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh \nvm_source nvm_node_version nvm_download install_nvm_from_git nvm_install_node \install_nvm_as_script nvm_try_profile nvm_detect_profile nvm_check_global_modules \nvm_do_install nvm_reset nvm_default_install_dir nvm_grep
}[ "_$NVM_ENV" = "_testing" ] || nvm_do_install} # this ensures the entire script is downloaded #

添加执行权限:

chmod +x install.sh
  1. 开始安装
./install.sh
  1. 验证NVM安装

要验证NVM是否正确安装并可以正常工作，你可以运行以下命令来查看可用的Node.js版本：

nvm list-remote
  1. 安装Node.js版本

使用NVM安装一个特定版本的Node.js，例如，安装Node.js的最新LTS版本：

nvm install --lts

截至到2025.9.8,我执行上面脚本所装的最新的LTS版本是v22.19.0 下面是安装成功的日志:

nvm install --lts
Installing latest LTS version.
Downloading and installing node v22.19.0...
Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v22.19.0/node-v22.19.0-linux-x64.tar.xz...
######################################################################### 100.0%
Computing checksum with sha256sum
Checksums matched!
Now using node v22.19.0 (npm v10.9.3)
Creating default alias: default -> lts/* (-> v22.19.0)

或者你可以指定安装一个版本，比如v24.7.0：

nvm install 24.7.0
  1. 使用特定版本的Node.js

安装完特定版本后，你可以使用以下命令来使用它：

nvm use 24.7.0

补充:

如果安装了多个Node.js版本,如何设一个默认版本?

nvm alias default 24.7.0

这样,你打开新终端NVM会自动激活该版本的Node.js

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