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SpringBoot启动优化

news 2025/8/27 6:11:37

SpringBoot项目启动速度优化全攻略

一、诊断分析工具

1. 启动时间分析

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# 启动时添加参数查看详细时间 java -jar your-app.jar --debug 
2. Spring Boot Actuator
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# application.properties management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=startup management.endpoint.startup.enabled=true 
二、核心优化策略
1. 依赖优化
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<!-- 排除不必要的自动配置 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!-- 使用spring-boot-dependencies分析依赖 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${spring-boot.version}</version> <executions> <execution> <goals> <goal>build-info</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> 
2. JVM参数优化
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# 推荐启动参数 java -Xms256m -Xmx256m -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -jar your-app.jar 
3. 组件懒加载
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@Configuration @Lazy public class MyConfig { // 配置类延迟初始化 } // 方法级懒加载 @Lazy @Bean public MyBean myBean() { return new MyBean(); } 
4. 自动配置排除
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = { DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class, SecurityAutoConfiguration.class }) 
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jReactiveDataAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchClientAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchClientAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.graphql.GraphQlAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.graphql.data.GraphQlReactiveQueryByExampleAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.graphql.data.GraphQlReactiveQuerydslAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.graphql.data.GraphQlQueryByExampleAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.graphql.data.GraphQlQuerydslAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.graphql.reactive.GraphQlWebFluxAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.graphql.rsocket.GraphQlRSocketAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.graphql.rsocket.RSocketGraphQlClientAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.graphql.security.GraphQlWebFluxSecurityAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.graphql.security.GraphQlWebMvcSecurityAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.graphql.servlet.GraphQlWebMvcAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.neo4j.Neo4jAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.netty.NettyAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.server.servlet.OAuth2AuthorizationServerAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.server.servlet.OAuth2AuthorizationServerJwtAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sql.init.SqlInitializationAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ssl.SslAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveMultipartAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebSessionIdResolverAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration
三、进阶优化技巧
1. 类路径扫描优化
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.your.package", excludeFilters = @ComponentScan.Filter( type = FilterType.REGEX, pattern = "com.your.package.exclude.*" ) ) 
@SpringBootApplication注解如果不显式指定扫描包（通过scanBasePackages或scanBasePackageClasses属性），默认会扫描‌当前主配置类所在包及其所有子包‌。具体规则如下：
  1. ‌默认扫描范围‌
    主启动类（标注@SpringBootApplication的类）所在的包会被视为根包（Root Package），Spring Boot会自动扫描该包及其所有子包下的组件（如@Component、@Service、@Repository等注解的类）。
  2. ‌例外情况‌
    如果主启动类放在默认包（即没有显式声明包名，直接放在src/main/java根目录下），Spring Boot会尝试扫描整个classpath下的所有类，但这种情况不推荐，可能导致性能问题和意外的组件加载。
  3. ‌显式指定扫描包‌
    若需限制扫描范围，可通过以下方式：
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    @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com.example.myapp") 
总结：未指定扫描包时，默认行为是‌递归扫描主类所在包及其子包‌，而非全部包。这是Spring Boot约定优于配置的体现。
2. 配置文件优化
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# 关闭JMX spring.jmx.enabled=false # 关闭Spring MVC视图解析器 spring.mvc.throw-exception-if-no-handler-found=true spring.resources.add-mappings=false # 禁用Actuator端点 management.endpoint.shutdown.enabled=false 
3. 日志系统优化
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# 延迟日志初始化 logging.level.root=OFF logging.config=classpath:logback-spring.xml 
四、生产环境最佳实践
1. 编译期优化
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<!-- 使用Spring Native (GraalVM) --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId> <artifactId>spring-native</artifactId> <version>${spring-native.version}</version> </dependency> 
2. 容器化优化
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# 多阶段构建减小镜像大小 FROM adoptopenjdk:11-jre-hotspot as builder WORKDIR application COPY target/*.jar application.jar RUN java -Djarmode=layertools -jar application.jar extract FROM adoptopenjdk:11-jre-hotspot COPY --from=builder application/dependencies/ ./ COPY --from=builder application/spring-boot-loader/ ./ COPY --from=builder application/application/ ./ ENTRYPOINT ["java", "org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher"] 
3. 启动后预热
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@RestController public class WarmupController { @GetMapping("/warmup") public void warmup() { // 主动触发核心业务逻辑初始化 } } 
五、监控与持续优化
1. 启动时间监控
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@SpringBootApplication public class MyApp { public static void main(String[] args) { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); SpringApplication.run(MyApp.class, args); System.out.println("启动耗时: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "ms"); } } 
2. 使用Spring Boot Startup Endpoint
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// 访问/actuator/startup获取数据 { "springBootVersion": "2.5.0", "timeline": { "startTime": "2023-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "events": [ { "startupStep": { "name": "spring.beans.instantiate", "id": 1, "parentId": 0, "tags": [ { "key": "beanName", "value": "myBean" } ] }, "duration": "PT0.123S" } ] } } 
通过以上优化措施，典型Spring Boot应用的启动时间可以从10-20秒缩短到3-5秒，极端情况下甚至可以达到1秒以内。建议按照"诊断->优化->验证"的循环持续改进。

				
				

					
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