C++ 游戏开发示例：简单的贪吃蛇游戏
下面是一个使用C++和SFML库实现的简单贪吃蛇游戏。这个示例展示了游戏开发的基本概念，包括游戏循环、图形渲染、用户输入处理和游戏逻辑。
cpp
#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
#include <vector>
#include <random>// 游戏常量
const int WINDOW_WIDTH = 800;
const int WINDOW_HEIGHT = 600;
const int GRID_SIZE = 20;
const int GRID_WIDTH = WINDOW_WIDTH / GRID_SIZE;
const int GRID_HEIGHT = WINDOW_HEIGHT / GRID_SIZE;// 方向枚举
enum class Direction { Up, Down, Left, Right };class Snake {
public:Snake() {// 初始化蛇身，从屏幕中央开始body.push_back(sf::Vector2i(GRID_WIDTH / 2, GRID_HEIGHT / 2));direction = Direction::Right;growPending = 3; // 初始长度为4}void changeDirection(Direction newDirection) {// 防止直接反向移动if ((direction == Direction::Up && newDirection != Direction::Down) ||(direction == Direction::Down && newDirection != Direction::Up) ||(direction == Direction::Left && newDirection != Direction::Right) ||(direction == Direction::Right && newDirection != Direction::Left)) {direction = newDirection;
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rd.xjyl.gov.cn/upload/1982074942484086784.html}}void update() {// 移动蛇身sf::Vector2i newHead = body.front();switch (direction) {case Direction::Up:newHead.y--;break;case Direction::Down:newHead.y++;break;case Direction::Left:newHead.x--;break;case Direction::Right:newHead.x++;break;}// 检查边界碰撞if (newHead.x < 0 || newHead.x >= GRID_WIDTH || newHead.y < 0 || newHead.y >= GRID_HEIGHT) {reset();return;}// 检查自身碰撞for (auto segment : body) {if (segment == newHead) {reset();return;}}// 添加新头部body.insert(body.begin(), newHead);// 如果不需要增长，移除尾部if (growPending > 0) {growPending--;} else {body.pop_back();}}void grow() {growPending++;}void reset() {body.clear();body.push_back(sf::Vector2i(GRID_WIDTH / 2, GRID_HEIGHT / 2));direction = Direction::Right;growPending = 3;}const std::vector<sf::Vector2i>& getBody() const {return body;}sf::Vector2i getHead() const {return body.front();}private:std::vector<sf::Vector2i> body;Direction direction;int growPending;
};class Food {
public:Food() {respawn();}void respawn() {std::random_device rd;std::mt19937 gen(rd());std::uniform_int_distribution<> disX(0, GRID_WIDTH - 1);std::uniform_int_distribution<> disY(0, GRID_HEIGHT - 1);position.x = disX(gen);position.y = disY(gen);}sf::Vector2i getPosition() const {return position;}private:sf::Vector2i position;
};class Game {
public:Game() : window(sf::VideoMode(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT), "Snake Game"), snake(), food(), score(0) {// 设置帧率限制window.setFramerateLimit(10);// 加载字体if (!font.loadFromFile("arial.ttf")) {// 如果无法加载字体，使用默认字体font.loadFromFile("C:/Windows/Fonts/arial.ttf");}scoreText.setFont(font);scoreText.setCharacterSize(24);scoreText.setFillColor(sf::Color::White);scoreText.setPosition(10, 10);updateScoreText();}void run() {while (window.isOpen()) {handleEvents();update();render();}}private:void handleEvents() {sf::Event event;while (window.pollEvent(event)) {if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) {window.close();} else if (event.type == sf::Event::KeyPressed) {switch (event.key.code) {case sf::Keyboard::Up:snake.changeDirection(Direction::Up);break;case sf::Keyboard::Down:snake.changeDirection(Direction::Down);break;case sf::Keyboard::Left:snake.changeDirection(Direction::Left);break;case sf::Keyboard::Right:snake.changeDirection(Direction::Right);break;case sf::Keyboard::Escape:window.close();break;default:break;}}}}void update() {snake.update();// 检查是否吃到食物if (snake.getHead() == food.getPosition()) {snake.grow();food.respawn();score += 10;updateScoreText();}}void render() {window.clear(sf::Color::Black);// 绘制蛇sf::RectangleShape segment(sf::Vector2f(GRID_SIZE - 1, GRID_SIZE - 1));segment.setFillColor(sf::Color::Green);for (auto pos : snake.getBody()) {segment.setPosition(pos.x * GRID_SIZE, pos.y * GRID_SIZE);window.draw(segment);}// 绘制食物sf::CircleShape foodShape(GRID_SIZE / 2 - 1);foodShape.setFillColor(sf::Color::Red);foodShape.setPosition(food.getPosition().x * GRID_SIZE, food.getPosition().y * GRID_SIZE);window.draw(foodShape);// 绘制分数window.draw(scoreText);window.display();
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rd.xjyl.gov.cn/upload/1982074944606404608.html}void updateScoreText() {scoreText.setString("Score: " + std::to_string(score));}sf::RenderWindow window;Snake snake;Food food;int score;sf::Font font;sf::Text scoreText;
};int main() {Game game;game.run();return 0;
}
如何运行这个游戏
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确保安装了SFML库。你可以从SFML官网下载并安装。
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使用以下命令编译（假设使用g++）：
text
g++ -c snake_game.cpp -I/path/to/SFML/include g++ snake_game.o -o snake_game -L/path/to/SFML/lib -lsfml-graphics -lsfml-window -lsfml-system
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运行游戏：
text
./snake_game
游戏功能
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使用方向键控制蛇的移动
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吃到红色食物会增加蛇的长度和分数
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撞到墙壁或自身会重置游戏
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按ESC键退出游戏
扩展建议
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添加游戏开始和结束界面
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实现难度级别（通过改变蛇的移动速度）
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添加音效和更多视觉效果
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实现高分记录功能
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添加不同类型的食物，具有不同的效果
这个示例展示了C++游戏开发的基本概念，你可以基于此代码进一步扩展和完善游戏功能。