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JavaWeb笔记四

会话跟踪技术

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Cookie

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遇到这个问题:The server encountered an internal error that prevented it from fulfilling this request.

原因:在pom.xml文件下的servlet里面没有配置provided

发送Cookie

AServlet.java核心代码

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {  //创建cookie对象  Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username", "zc");  //2.发送cookie  resp.addCookie(cookie);  
}

获取Cookie

BServlet.java核心代码

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {  //获取Cookie数组  Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();  //遍历数组获取cookie  for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {  //获取数据  String name = cookie.getName();  if ("username".equals(name)) {  String value= cookie.getValue();  System.out.println(name+":"+value);  break;  }  }  
}

Cookie原理

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Cookie细节

Cookie存活时间

细节:设置cookie存活时常要在发送cookie之前
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Cookie存储中文

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AServlet核心代码:

//将中文进行URL编码  
String value="张成";  
value=URLEncoder.encode(value,"UTF-8");  
//创建cookie对象  
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username", value);

BServlet核心代码:

String value= cookie.getValue();  
value= URLDecoder.decode(value,"UTF-8");  
System.out.println(name+":"+value);

Session

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SessionDemo1核心代码:

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {  HttpSession session = req.getSession();  session.setAttribute("username","张成");  
}

SessionDemo2核心代码:

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {  HttpSession session = req.getSession();  Object attribute = session.getAttribute("username");  System.out.println(attribute);  
}

Session原理

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Session细节

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Session数据若要共享,则不能关闭浏览器。因为若是关闭了浏览器再次访问同一个资源,两次的session是不一样的。

小结

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案例

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记住用户

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LoginServlet.java核心代码

//获取复选框  
String remember = request.getParameter("remember");//判断用户是否勾选记住我  
if ("1".equals(remember)) {  //勾选了,发送cookie  //1.创建对应cookie对象  Cookie c_username = new Cookie("username", username);  Cookie c_password = new Cookie("password", password);  //2.设置cookie的存活时间  c_username.setMaxAge(60 * 60 * 24 * 7);  c_password.setMaxAge(60 * 60 * 24 * 7);  //3.发送cookie  response.addCookie(c_username);  response.addCookie(c_password);  
}

注册功能

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注册

UserService.java核心代码

注册的方法:
public boolean  register(User user){  //2. 获取SqlSession  SqlSession sqlSession = factory.openSession();  //3. 获取 UserMapper   UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);  //4.判断用户是否存在  User u = userMapper.selectByUsername(user.getUsername());  if ( u ==null){  //用户不存在  userMapper.add(user);  sqlSession.commit();  }  sqlSession.close();  return u==null;  }

RegisterServlet.java代码

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  //获取用户名和密码  String username = request.getParameter("username");  String password = request.getParameter("password");  //封装对象  User user = new User();  user.setUsername(username);  user.setPassword(password);  //调用service注册  boolean flag = service.register(user);  if (flag) {  //注册成功,跳转登录页面  request.setAttribute("register_msg", "注册成功请登录");  request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);  }else {  //注册失败,跳转失败也没  request.setAttribute("register_msg", "用户名已存在");  request.getRequestDispatcher("/register.jsp").forward(request, response);  }  
}
生成验证码

生成验证码的工具类

public class CheckCodeUtil {  public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";  private static Random random = new Random();  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {  OutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("c://a.jpg");  String checkCode = CheckCodeUtil.outputVerifyImage(100, 50, fos, 4);  System.out.println(checkCode);  }  /**  * 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值(一般传入输出流,响应response页面端,Web项目用的较多)  *  * @param width 图片宽度  * @param height 图片高度  * @param os  输出流  * @param verifySize 数据长度  * @return 验证码数据  * @throws IOException  */    public static String outputVerifyImage(int width, int height, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException {  String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);  outputImage(width, height, os, verifyCode);  return verifyCode;  }  /**  * 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码  *  * @param verifySize 验证码长度  * @return  */  public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize) {  return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);  }  /**  * 使用指定源生成验证码  *  * @param verifySize 验证码长度  * @param sources    验证码字符源  * @return  */  public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources) {  // 未设定展示源的字码,赋默认值大写字母+数字  if (sources == null || sources.length() == 0) {  sources = VERIFY_CODES;  }  int codesLen = sources.length();  Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());  StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);  for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {  verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen - 1)));  }  return verifyCode.toString();  }  /**  * 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值 (生成图片形式,用的较少)  *     * @param w  * @param h  * @param outputFile  * @param verifySize  * @return  * @throws IOException  */    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException {  String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);  outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);  return verifyCode;  }  /**  * 生成指定验证码图像文件  *  * @param w  * @param h  * @param outputFile  * @param code  * @throws IOException  */    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException {  if (outputFile == null) {  return;  }  File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();  //文件不存在  if (!dir.exists()) {  //创建  dir.mkdirs();  }  try {  outputFile.createNewFile();  FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);  outputImage(w, h, fos, code);  fos.close();  } catch (IOException e) {  throw e;  }  }  /**  * 输出指定验证码图片流  *  * @param w  * @param h  * @param os  * @param code  * @throws IOException  */    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException {  int verifySize = code.length();  BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);  Random rand = new Random();  Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();  g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);  // 创建颜色集合,使用java.awt包下的类  Color[] colors = new Color[5];  Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,  Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,  Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};  float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];  for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {  colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];  fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();  }  Arrays.sort(fractions);  // 设置边框色  g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);  g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);  Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);  // 设置背景色  g2.setColor(c);  g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);  // 绘制干扰线  Random random = new Random();  // 设置线条的颜色  g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));  for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {  int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);  int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);  int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;  int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;  g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);  }  // 添加噪点  // 噪声率  float yawpRate = 0.05f;  int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);  for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {  int x = random.nextInt(w);  int y = random.nextInt(h);  // 获取随机颜色  int rgb = getRandomIntColor();  image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);  }  // 添加图片扭曲  shear(g2, w, h, c);  g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));  int fontSize = h - 4;  Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);  g2.setFont(font);  char[] chars = code.toCharArray();  for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {  AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();  affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize / 2, h / 2);  g2.setTransform(affine);  g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w - 10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);  }  g2.dispose();  ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);  }  /**  * 随机颜色  *  * @param fc  * @param bc  * @return  */  private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {  if (fc > 255) {  fc = 255;  }  if (bc > 255) {  bc = 255;  }  int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);  int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);  int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);  return new Color(r, g, b);  }  private static int getRandomIntColor() {  int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();  int color = 0;  for (int c : rgb) {  color = color << 8;  color = color | c;  }  return color;  }  private static int[] getRandomRgb() {  int[] rgb = new int[3];  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {  rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);  }  return rgb;  }  private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {  shearX(g, w1, h1, color);  shearY(g, w1, h1, color);  }  private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {  int period = random.nextInt(2);  boolean borderGap = true;  int frames = 1;  int phase = random.nextInt(2);  for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {  double d = (double) (period >> 1)  * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period  + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)  / (double) frames);  g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);  if (borderGap) {  g.setColor(color);  g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);  g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);  }  }  }  private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {  int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;  boolean borderGap = true;  int frames = 20;  int phase = 7;  for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {  double d = (double) (period >> 1)  * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period  + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)  / (double) frames);  g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);  if (borderGap) {  g.setColor(color);  g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);  g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);  }  }  }  
}

CheckCodeServlet.java的核心代码

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();  String checkCode = CheckCodeUtil.outputVerifyImage(100, 50, os, 4);  
}

当验证码图片看不清,要换一张时的核心代码

register.jsp
<script>  document.getElementById("changeImg").onclick = function () {  document.getElementById("checkCodeImg").src = "/brand-demo/checkCodeServlet?"+new Date().getMilliseconds();  }  
</script>
校验验证码

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CheckCodeServlet.java核心代码:

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  //生成验证码  ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();  String checkCode = CheckCodeUtil.outputVerifyImage(100, 50, os, 4);  //存入session  HttpSession session = request.getSession();  session.setAttribute("checkCodeGen", checkCode);  
}

RegisterServle.java核心代码:

//获取用户输入的验证码  
String checkCode = request.getParameter("checkCode");  
//获取程序生成的验证码  
HttpSession session = request.getSession();  
String checkCodeGen = (String) session.getAttribute("checkCodeGen");  //比对验证码  
if(!checkCodeGen.equalsIgnoreCase(checkCode) ){  request.setAttribute("register_msg", "验证码错误");  request.getRequestDispatcher("/register.jsp").forward(request, response);  //不允许注册  return;  
}

Filter

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Filter快速入门

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FilterDemo.java核心代码

@WebFilter("/*")  
public class FilterDemo implements Filter {  public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {  //1.放行前,对request数据进行处理		System.out.println("FilterDemo...");  //放行  filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);  //2.放行后,对response数据进行处理}  public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {  }  public void destroy() {  }  
}

Filter执行流程

1.放行前,对request数据进行处理
2.放行后,对response数据进行处理
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Filter使用细节

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过滤器链

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案例

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LoginFilter.java代码

@WebFilter("/*")  
public class LoginFilter implements Filter {  @Override  public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {  HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;  //判断访问的路径是否和登录注册相关  String[] urls = { "/login.jsp", "/imgs/","/css/" ,"/loginServlet","/register.jsp","/registerServlet","/checkCodeServlet"};  //获取当前访问资源路径  String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();  for (String url1 : urls) {  if (url.contains(url1)) {  //找到了,放行  filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);  return;  }  }  //1.判断session中是否有user  HttpSession session = request.getSession();  Object user = session.getAttribute("user");  //2.判断user是否为null  if (user != null) {  //登录过了  //放行  filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);  }else {  //没有登录,存储提示信息,跳转登录页面  request.setAttribute("login_msg", "你尚未登录!");  request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, servletResponse);  }  }  @Override  public void destroy() {  }  public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {  }  
}

Listener

了解,现在用的并不多。
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ContextLoaderListener.java代码

@WebListener  
public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {  @Override  public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {  //加载资源  System.out.println("执行了....");  }  @Override  public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {  //释放资源  }  
}
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