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08_Opencv_基本图形绘制

news 2025/7/21 8:36:19

基本图形绘制

demo

//---------------------------------【头文件、命名空间包含部分】----------------------------
//          描述：包含程序所使用的头文件和命名空间
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
using namespace cv;//此程序对于OpenCV3版需要额外包含头文件：
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】--------------------------------------------
//        描述：定义一些辅助宏
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【绘制图1】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【绘制图2】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏//--------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】-------------------------------------
//        描述：全局函数声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle );//绘制椭圆
void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center );//绘制圆
void DrawPolygon( Mat img );//绘制多边形
void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end );//绘制线段//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】----------------------------------
//          描述：输出一些帮助信息
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void ShowHelpText()
{//输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本printf("\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION );printf("\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}//---------------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------
//        描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main( void )
{// 创建空白的Mat图像Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );ShowHelpText();// ---------------------<1>绘制化学中的原子示例图------------------------//【1.1】先绘制出椭圆DrawEllipse( atomImage, 90 );DrawEllipse( atomImage, 0 );DrawEllipse( atomImage, 45 );DrawEllipse( atomImage, -45 );//【1.2】再绘制圆心DrawFilledCircle( atomImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2) );// ----------------------------<2>绘制组合图-----------------------------//【2.1】先绘制出多边形DrawPolygon( rookImage );// 【2.2】绘制矩形rectangle( rookImage,Point( 0, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),-1,8 );// 【2.3】绘制一些线段DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 0, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ) );DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );// ---------------------------<3>显示绘制出的图像------------------------imshow( WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage );moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200 );imshow( WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage );moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200 );waitKey( 0 );return(0);
}//-------------------------------【DrawEllipse( )函数】--------------------------------
//        描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了绘制不同角度、相同尺寸的椭圆
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle )
{int thickness = 2;int lineType = 8;ellipse( img,Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2 ),Size( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ),angle,0,360,Scalar( 255, 129, 0 ),thickness,lineType );
}//-----------------------------------【DrawFilledCircle( )函数】---------------------------
//        描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了实心圆的绘制
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center )
{int thickness = -1;int lineType = 8;circle( img,center,WINDOW_WIDTH/32,Scalar( 0, 0, 255 ),thickness,lineType );
}//-----------------------------------【DrawPolygon( )函数】--------------------------
//        描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了凹多边形的绘制
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawPolygon( Mat img )
{int lineType = 8;//创建一些点Point rookPoints[1][20];rookPoints[0][0]  = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][1]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][2]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );rookPoints[0][3]  = Point( 11*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );rookPoints[0][4]  = Point( 19*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][5]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][6]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][7]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][8]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );rookPoints[0][9]  = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );rookPoints[0][10] = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][11] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][12] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );rookPoints[0][13] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );rookPoints[0][14] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][15] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][16] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][17] = Point( 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][18] = Point(  5*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );rookPoints[0][19] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };int npt[] = { 20 };fillPoly( img,ppt,npt,1,Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),lineType );
}//-----------------------------------【DrawLine( )函数】--------------------------
//        描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了线的绘制
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end )
{int thickness = 2;int lineType = 8;line( img,start,end,Scalar( 0, 0, 0 ),thickness,lineType );
}

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`ellipse()` 椭圆

void cv::ellipse(InputOutputArray 	img,Point 	center,Size 	axes,double 	angle,double 	startAngle,double 	endAngle,const Scalar& 	color,int 	thickness = 1,int 	lineType = LINE_8,int 	shift = 0 )

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类型	变量	含义
Mat&	img	表示输入的图像(画椭圆在这个图像上)
Point	center	表示椭圆圆心坐标
Size	axes	表示轴的长度
double	angle	表示偏转的角度
double	startAngle	表示圆弧起始角的角度
double	endAngle	表示圆弧终结角的角度
const Scalar&	color	表示线条的颜色
int	thickness=1	表示线条的粗细宽度
int	lineType=8	表示线条的类型
int	shift=0	表示圆心坐标点和数轴的精度

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RGB颜色对照表

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>int main(int argc, char** argv){Mat atmoImage = Mat::zeros(600,600,CV_8UC3);double angle=90;int thickness = 3;int lineType = 8;ellipse(atmoImage,Point(600/2,600/2),Size(600/4,600/16),angle,0,360,Scalar(0,215,255), // Gold颜色thickness,lineType);imshow("绘制椭圆",atmoImage);waitKey(0);return 0;
}

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`circle()` 圆

void cv::circle	(InputOutputArray 	img,Point 	center,int 	radius,const Scalar & 	color,int 	thickness = 1,int 	lineType = LINE_8,int 	shift = 0 )

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#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>int main(int argc, char** argv){Mat atmoImage = Mat::zeros(600,600,CV_8UC3);int radius = 600/32;int thickness = -1;    // -1为实心，1为空心int lineType = 8;circle( atmoImage,Point(300,300),radius,Scalar( 0,215,255),thickness,lineType );imshow("绘制圆形",atmoImage);waitKey(0);return 0;
}

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`fillPoly()` 多边形

void cv::fillPoly(InputOutputArray 	img,const Point ** 	pts,const int * 	npts,int 	ncontours,const Scalar & 	color,int 	lineType = LINE_8,int 	shift = 0,Point 	offset = Point())

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#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏int main(int argc, char** argv){Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(600,600,CV_8UC3);Point rookPoints[1][20];rookPoints[0][0]  = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][1]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][2]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );rookPoints[0][3]  = Point( 11*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );rookPoints[0][4]  = Point( 19*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][5]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][6]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][7]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][8]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );rookPoints[0][9]  = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );rookPoints[0][10] = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][11] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][12] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );rookPoints[0][13] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );rookPoints[0][14] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][15] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][16] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][17] = Point( 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );rookPoints[0][18] = Point(  5*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );rookPoints[0][19] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );for(int j=0; j<20; j++){printf("rookPoints[0][%d] = ",j);cout<< rookPoints[0][j] << endl << endl;}const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };int npt[] = { 20 };int lineType = 8;fillPoly( rookImage,ppt,npt,1,Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),lineType );int radius = 600/32;int thickness = -1;    // -1为实心，1为空心circle( rookImage,rookPoints[0][0],radius,Scalar( 0,215,255),thickness,lineType );imshow("绘制多边形",rookImage);waitKey(0);return 0;
}

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`rectangle()` 矩形

void cv::rectangle(InputOutputArray 	img,Point 	pt1,Point 	pt2,const Scalar & 	color,int 	thickness = 1,int 	lineType = LINE_8,int 	shift = 0 )

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#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏int main(int argc, char** argv){Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(600,600,CV_8UC3);rectangle( rookImage,Point( 0, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2-30, WINDOW_WIDTH-30),Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),-1,8 );int radius = 600/32;int thickness = -1;    // -1为实心，1为空心int lineType = 8;circle( rookImage,Point( 0, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),radius,Scalar( 255,245,152), // 蓝色thickness,lineType);circle( rookImage,Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2-30, WINDOW_WIDTH-30),radius,Scalar( 0,255,0),   // 绿色thickness,lineType);imshow("绘制矩形",rookImage);waitKey(0);return 0;
}

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`line()` 线段

void cv::line(	InputOutputArray 	img,Point 	pt1,Point 	pt2,const Scalar & 	color,int 	thickness = 1,int 	lineType = LINE_8,int 	shift = 0 )

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#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏int main(int argc, char** argv){Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(600,600,CV_8UC3);int thickness = 2;int lineType = 8;line(rookImage,Point( 0, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ),Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ),Scalar( 62, 255, 192 ),thickness,lineType );line(rookImage,Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ),Scalar( 62, 255, 192 ),thickness,lineType );imshow("绘制线段",rookImage);waitKey(0);return 0;
}