英语：基础知识
一、词类 (Parts of Speech)
名词 (Noun)
表示人、事物、地点或概念（如: book, happiness）。
代词 (Pronoun)
替代名词（如: he, they, this）。
动词 (Verb)
表示动作或状态（如: run, is, think）。
形容词 (Adjective)
描述名词性质（如: happy, large）。
副词 (Adverb)
修饰动词、形容词或其他副词（如: quickly, very）。
介词 (Preposition)
表示名词与其他词的关系（如: in, on, at）。
连词 (Conjunction)
连接词、短语或句子（如: and, but, because）。
感叹词 (Interjection)
表达强烈情感（如: Wow! Oh!）。
二、句子结构 (Sentence Structure)
简单句 (Simple Sentence)
一个主谓结构：She reads books.
并列句 (Compound Sentence)
用连词连接两个独立分句：I like tea, but he prefers coffee.
复合句 (Complex Sentence)
主句+从句：Although it rained, we went out.
并列复合句 (Compound-Complex Sentence)
结合并列句和复合句：I studied hard because the exam was coming, and I passed.
三、动词相关语法范畴
时态 (Tense)
表示动作发生的时间：
现在时 (Present): She writes.
过去时 (Past): She wrote.
将来时 (Future): She will write.
语态 (Voice)
主动语态 (Active): The cat chased the mouse.
被动语态 (Passive): The mouse was chased by the cat.
语气 (Mood)
陈述语气 (Indicative): He is here.
祈使语气 (Imperative): Be quiet!
虚拟语气 (Subjunctive): I suggest he go early.
非谓语动词 (Non-finite Verbs)
不定式 (Infinitive): to eat
动名词 (Gerund): eating
分词 (Participle): eaten (过去分词), eating (现在分词)
四、其他语法范畴
数 (Number)
单数 (Singular): a book
复数 (Plural): two books
格 (Case)
主格 (Nominative): He runs.
宾格 (Objective): I saw him.
所有格 (Possessive): His book.
比较结构 (Comparison)
原级 (Positive): tall
比较级 (Comparative): taller
最高级 (Superlative): tallest
一致性 (Agreement)
主谓一致: She plays (√) vs. She play (×).
五、标点与拼写规则
标点符号 (Punctuation)
句号 (.), 逗号 (,), 问号 (?), 引号 (“”), 分号 (😉 等。
大小写 (Capitalization)
句首、专有名词需大写：China, Monday.
拼写规则 (Spelling)
如复数加-s/-es，动词过去式加-ed等。