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ESP8266无线开关

news 2025/10/27 9:50:20

IOT项目——ESP8266无线开关

ESP8266无线开关实现方案
- 系统概述
- 硬件介绍
- - 所需组件
  - 电路连接
- 软件介绍
- - VSCode开发环境配置
  - 主要代码结构
- 示例演示
- - 操作步骤
  - API接口
- 优化建议
- - 1. 增加PyCharm PyQt上位机界面
  - 3. 其他优化建议

ESP8266无线开关实现方案

系统概述

本系统基于ESP8266模组构建一个无线开关控制系统，通过Wi-Fi连接实现远程设备控制。系统包含：

ESP8266作为主控制器
继电器模块控制电器开关
本地按钮用于手动控制
云端/局域网通信
PyQt上位机界面显示状态

硬件介绍

所需组件

ESP8266开发板 (NodeMCU或Wemos D1 Mini)
继电器模块 (5V/10A)
面包板和跳线
LED指示灯 (可选)
按钮开关
电源适配器

电路连接

ESP8266      继电器模块
GPIO5   -->   IN引脚
3.3V    -->   VCC
GND     -->   GNDESP8266      按钮
GPIO4   -->   一端
3.3V    -->   另一端(通过10K上拉电阻)

软件介绍

VSCode开发环境配置

安装PlatformIO插件
创建新项目，选择ESP8266平台
添加必要的库依赖：
- ArduinoJson (用于数据解析)
- PubSubClient (MQTT通信，可选)

主要代码结构

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>// WiFi配置
const char* ssid = "Your_WiFi_SSID";
const char* password = "Your_WiFi_Password";// 引脚定义
const int relayPin = 5;    // GPIO5控制继电器
const int buttonPin = 4;   // GPIO4连接按钮// 状态变量
bool switchState = false;
bool lastButtonState = HIGH;ESP8266WebServer server(80);void setup() {Serial.begin(115200);// 初始化引脚pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP);digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);// 连接WiFiWiFi.begin(ssid, password);while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {delay(1000);Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");}Serial.println("WiFi connected");Serial.print("IP address: ");Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());// 设置Web服务器路由server.on("/", handleRoot);server.on("/switch", handleSwitch);server.on("/status", handleStatus);server.begin();Serial.println("HTTP server started");
}void loop() {server.handleClient();// 按钮检测bool currentButtonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);if (currentButtonState == LOW && lastButtonState == HIGH) {toggleSwitch();delay(200); // 防抖}lastButtonState = currentButtonState;
}void handleRoot() {String html = "<html><body>";html += "<h1>ESP8266 Wireless Switch</h1>";html += "<p>Current State: " + String(switchState ? "ON" : "OFF") + "</p>";html += "<a href='/switch?state=1'><button>Turn ON</button></a>";html += "<a href='/switch?state=0'><button>Turn OFF</button></a>";html += "</body></html>";server.send(200, "text/html", html);
}void handleSwitch() {if (server.hasArg("state")) {switchState = server.arg("state").toInt();digitalWrite(relayPin, switchState);server.send(200, "application/json", "{\"status\":\"success\",\"state\":" + String(switchState) + "}");} else {server.send(400, "application/json", "{\"status\":\"error\",\"message\":\"Missing state parameter\"}");}
}void handleStatus() {String json = "{\"state\":" + String(switchState) + "}";server.send(200, "application/json", json);
}void toggleSwitch() {switchState = !switchState;digitalWrite(relayPin, switchState);
}

示例演示

操作步骤

将代码上传到ESP8266
打开串口监视器查看IP地址
在浏览器中输入ESP8266的IP地址
点击网页按钮控制开关
物理按钮也可用于切换状态

API接口

GET / - 显示控制网页
GET /switch?state=0/1 - 控制开关状态
GET /status - 获取当前状态(JSON格式)

优化建议

1. 增加PyCharm PyQt上位机界面

使用PyCharm创建PyQt5应用程序来监控和控制ESP8266开关：

import sys
import requests
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QMainWindow, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QPushButton, QLabel, QWidget,QMessageBox)
from PyQt5.QtCore import QTimer, Qtclass SwitchController(QMainWindow):def __init__(self):super().__init__()self.esp_ip = "192.168.1.100"  # 替换为ESP8266的IPself.initUI()self.setupTimer()def initUI(self):self.setWindowTitle('ESP8266 Switch Controller')self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)# 中央窗口部件central_widget = QWidget()self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)# 布局layout = QVBoxLayout()# 状态显示self.status_label = QLabel('状态: 未知')self.status_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)self.status_label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold;")layout.addWidget(self.status_label)# 控制按钮button_layout = QHBoxLayout()self.on_button = QPushButton('打开')self.on_button.clicked.connect(self.turn_on)self.on_button.setStyleSheet("background-color: green; color: white;")button_layout.addWidget(self.on_button)self.off_button = QPushButton('关闭')self.off_button.clicked.connect(self.turn_off)self.off_button.setStyleSheet("background-color: red; color: white;")button_layout.addWidget(self.off_button)layout.addLayout(button_layout)# 连接状态self.connection_label = QLabel('连接状态: 未连接')layout.addWidget(self.connection_label)central_widget.setLayout(layout)def setupTimer(self):# 定时器用于定期更新状态self.timer = QTimer()self.timer.timeout.connect(self.update_status)self.timer.start(2000)  # 每2秒更新一次def update_status(self):try:response = requests.get(f"http://{self.esp_ip}/status", timeout=3)if response.status_code == 200:data = response.json()state = data.get('state', 0)status_text = "ON" if state else "OFF"color = "green" if state else "red"self.status_label.setText(f'状态: {status_text}')self.status_label.setStyleSheet(f"font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: {color};")self.connection_label.setText('连接状态: 已连接')self.connection_label.setStyleSheet("color: green;")else:self.connection_label.setText('连接状态: 响应错误')self.connection_label.setStyleSheet("color: orange;")except Exception as e:self.connection_label.setText(f'连接状态: 连接失败 - {str(e)}')self.connection_label.setStyleSheet("color: red;")def turn_on(self):self.send_switch_command(1)def turn_off(self):self.send_switch_command(0)def send_switch_command(self, state):try:response = requests.get(f"http://{self.esp_ip}/switch?state={state}", timeout=3)if response.status_code == 200:QMessageBox.information(self, "成功", f"开关已{'打开' if state else '关闭'}")self.update_status()else:QMessageBox.warning(self, "错误", "控制命令发送失败")except Exception as e:QMessageBox.critical(self, "错误", f"连接失败: {str(e)}")if __name__ == '__main__':app = QApplication(sys.argv)controller = SwitchController()controller.show()sys.exit(app.exec_())