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使用 RPM 包在 Linux 7 上安装 MySQL 8

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1.下载RPM包

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=501382

** 将 tar 文件传输到目标服务器。

2. 解压 RPM 包

[root@rac1 ~]# cd mysql
[root@rac1 mysql]# ls -ltr
total 1009792
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 895047680 Mar 6 14:49 mysql-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@rac1 mysql]# pwd
/root/mysql
[root@rac1 mysql]#

[root@rac1 mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@rac1 mysql]#
[root@rac1 mysql]# ls -ltr
total 1883876
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 50078112 Dec 12 21:09 mysql-community-client-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 242596 Dec 12 21:09 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 635504 Dec 12 21:09 mysql-community-common-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 8496724 Dec 12 21:09 mysql-community-devel-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 23598680 Dec 12 21:09 mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 4834112 Dec 12 21:09 mysql-community-libs-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 1273816 Dec 12 21:09 mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 543646172 Dec 12 21:10 mysql-community-server-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 262232676 Dec 12 21:12 mysql-community-test-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 895047680 Mar 6 14:49 mysql-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@rac1 mysql]#

3.使用 RPM 包安装 MySQL 8

In most cases, you need to install the below packages to get functional, standard MySQL installation.

mysql-community-server
mysql-community-client
mysql-community-libs
mysql-community-common
mysql-community-libs-compat

To perform such a standard, basic installation, go to the folder that contains all those packages (and, preferably, no other RPM packages with similar names), and issue the following commands:

-- Common files for server and client libraries
[root@rac1 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
package mysql-community-common-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64 is already installed
[root@rac1 mysql]#

-- MySQL client applications plugins
[root@rac1 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
package mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64 is already installed
[root@rac1 mysql]#

-- Shared libraries for MySQL database client applications
[root@rac1 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
package mysql-community-libs-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64 is already installed
[root@rac1 mysql]#

-- Shared compatibility libraries for previous MySQL installations
[root@rac1 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
package mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64 is already installed
[root@rac1 mysql]#

-- MySQL client applications and tools
[root@rac1 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-client-8.0.23-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@rac1 mysql]#

-- Database server and related tools
[root@rac1 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-server-8.0.23-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@rac1 mysql]#

[root@rac1 mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64
qt-mysql-4.8.7-9.el7_9.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64
mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch
[root@rac1 mysql]#

4.启动MySQL服务

Mar 06 12:51:27 rac1.rajasekhar.com systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Mar 06 12:51:41 rac1.rajasekhar.com systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
Mar 06 12:57:35 rac1.rajasekhar.com systemd[1]: Stopping MySQL Server...
Mar 06 12:57:36 rac1.rajasekhar.com systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Server.
[root@rac1 mysql]#

[root@rac1 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@rac1 mysql]#

[root@rac1 mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-03-06 15:25:12 +08; 8s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 12423 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 12506 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─12506 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Mar 06 15:25:02 rac1.rajasekhar.com systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Mar 06 15:25:12 rac1.rajasekhar.com systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@rac1 mysql]#

5. grep 'temporary password(临时密码)' /var/log/mysqld.log

cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password

[root@rac1 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2021-03-06T07:25:07.718556Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: &qixM=kt9wP+
[root@rac1 mysql]#

6.使用临时密码登录MySQL

[root@rac1 mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.23

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql>

7. 更改 root@localhost 密码

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Mysql@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

mysql>

8. 列出 MySQL 配置文件

[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#
# Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,
# this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
[root@rac1 ~]#

[root@rac1 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@rac1 mysql]# ls -ltr
total 188880
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Mar 6 15:25 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 8585216 Mar 6 15:25 #ib_16384_1.dblwr
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Mar 6 15:25 performance_schema
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Mar 6 15:25 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Mar 6 15:25 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Mar 6 15:25 ca.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Mar 6 15:25 server-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Mar 6 15:25 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Mar 6 15:25 client-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Mar 6 15:25 client-cert.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 452 Mar 6 15:25 public_key.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Mar 6 15:25 private_key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 6 15:25 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 28 Mar 6 15:25 sys
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 5532 Mar 6 15:25 ib_buffer_pool
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 6 15:25 #innodb_temp
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 16 Mar 6 15:25 binlog.index
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 6 Mar 6 15:25 mysql.sock.lock
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 Mar 6 15:25 mysql.sock
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Mar 6 15:25 ibtmp1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 16777216 Mar 6 15:27 undo_001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 25165824 Mar 6 15:34 mysql.ibd
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Mar 6 15:34 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 643 Mar 6 15:35 binlog.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 196608 Mar 6 15:36 #ib_16384_0.dblwr
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 16777216 Mar 6 15:36 undo_002
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Mar 6 15:36 ib_logfile0
[root@rac1 mysql]#

[root@rac1 mysql]# ls -ld */
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 6 15:25 #innodb_temp/
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 6 15:25 mysql/
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Mar 6 15:25 performance_schema/
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 28 Mar 6 15:25 sys/
[root@rac1 mysql]#

mysql directory:
The mysql directory corresponds to the mysql system schema, which contains information required by the MySQL server as it runs. This database contains data dictionary tables and system tables.

performance_schema directory:
The performance_schema directory corresponds to the Performance Schema, which provides information used to inspect the internal execution of the server at runtime.

sys directory:
The sys directory corresponds to the sys schema, which provides a set of objects to help interpret Performance Schema information more easily.

#innodb_temp directory:
InnoDB uses session temporary tablespaces and a global temporary tablespace.

ndbinfo directory:
The ndbinfo directory corresponds to the ndbinfo database that stores information specific to NDB Cluster (present only for installations built to include NDB Cluster).

注意：本文档仅供学习用途。虽然已进行内部测试，但不保证其一定有效。请确保在使用前在测试环境中运行。

如果您喜欢此文章，请收藏、点赞、评论，谢谢，祝您快乐每一天。

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