JavaScript性能优化实战大纲
性能优化的核心目标
- 减少加载时间
- 降低内存占用
- 提高渲染效率
- 优化代码执行速度
代码层面的优化
- 避免全局变量污染，使用模块化（ES6 Module/CommonJS）
- 减少DOM操作，批量更新（如
DocumentFragment） - 使用事件委托代替频繁的事件绑定
- 避免内存泄漏（如移除未使用的定时器、事件监听）
数据与算法优化
- 选择高效的数据结构（如Map替代Object）
- 优化循环（减少嵌套，使用
for而非forEach） - 惰性加载与缓存计算结果（Memoization）
- 使用Web Worker处理密集型任务
网络与加载优化
- 代码拆分与动态导入（
import()） - 压缩与混淆（Terser、Webpack）
- 利用浏览器缓存（强缓存/协商缓存）
- 预加载关键资源（
<link rel="preload">）
渲染性能优化
- 减少重绘与回流（使用CSS3动画、
transform） - 使用虚拟列表（Virtual Scrolling）优化长列表
- 延迟非关键渲染（
requestIdleCallback） - 优化图片加载（懒加载、响应式图片）
工具与监控
- 性能分析工具（Chrome DevTools、Lighthouse）
- 监控运行时性能（Performance API）
- 错误追踪与日志（Sentry、LogRocket）
- 自动化性能测试（Jenkins集成Lighthouse）
实战案例
- 优化React/Vue组件（避免不必要的渲染）
- 减少第三方库体积（按需引入、Tree Shaking）
- 服务端渲染（SSR）与静态生成（SSG）优化
- WebAssembly加速计算密集型任务
总结与持续优化
- 性能优化的权衡（开发成本 vs 收益）
- 建立性能基准与迭代机制
- 关注新兴技术（如ES2023新特性）
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