命令行安装 MySQL 8.4.6
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1. 设置环境变量 path
解压路径为:C:\dev\mysql-8.4.5-winx64
# 设置临时环境变量 (只在当前窗口有效)
$env:path = "$env:path;C:\dev\mysql-8.4.5-winx64\bin"
# 设置永久环境变量 (只在新开窗口有效)
$user_path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("path","user")
$user_path = "$user_path;C:\dev\mysql-8.4.5-winx64\bin"
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("path",$user_path,"user")
2. 初始化数据库
mysqld --initialize --console
root 初始密码请看控制台日志:
PS C:\dev\mysql-8.4.5-winx64> mysqld --initialize --console
2025-10-05T03:10:12.817313Z 0 [System] [MY-015017] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - start.
2025-10-05T03:10:12.822270Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] C:\dev\mysql-8.4.5-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.4.5) initializing of server in progress as process 15916
2025-10-05T03:10:12.841593Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2025-10-05T03:10:13.203981Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2025-10-05T03:10:14.788080Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 7Pm3zSFqWU>_
2025-10-05T03:10:16.799306Z 0 [System] [MY-015018] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - end.
3. 安装服务,启动服务
# 安装服务
mysqld install
# 查看服务
Get-Service -Name mysql
# 启动服务
net start mysql
服务管理:
# 安装 MySQL 服务, 服务名不写则默认 mysql
mysqld install [服务名]
# 启动 MySQL
net start mysql
# 停止 MySQL
net stop mysql
# 卸载 MySQL 服务
mysqld remove mysql
4. 修改 root 密码
# 登录 root 用户
mysql -u root -p
-- 修改密码
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';
5. 创建用户,数据库,授权
-- 创建用户
create user 'dev'@'%' identified by 'dev';
-- 创建数据库
create database mydb character set 'utf8' collate 'utf8_general_ci';
-- 授权
grant all privileges on mydb.* to 'dev'@'%';
-- 刷新权限
flush privileges;
-- 退出
exit;
6. 通过防火墙设置
如果需要在网络上其他电脑连接数据库,则需设置防火墙