基于C#的湿度上位机实现方案
基于C#的湿度上位机实现方案，包含实时曲线显示、数据存储和报警功能
一、系统架构
二、核心代码
2.1 串口通信模块
using System.IO.Ports;public class SerialPortManager : IDisposable
{private SerialPort _port;private const int BaudRate = 9600;private const Parity Parity = Parity.None;private const StopBits StopBits = StopBits.One;private const int DataBits = 8;public event Action<byte[]> DataReceived;public void Connect(string portName){_port = new SerialPort(portName, BaudRate, Parity, DataBits, StopBits);_port.DataReceived += (s, e) => DataReceived?.Invoke(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(_port.ReadExisting()));_port.Open();}public void Disconnect() => _port?.Close();public void Dispose() => _port?.Dispose();
}
2.2 数据处理模块
public class DataProcessor
{public (float Temperature, float Humidity)? ParseData(byte[] data){if (data.Length < 6) return null;// 假设数据格式：温度高字节+温度低字节+湿度高字节+湿度低字节short tempRaw = (short)(data[0] << 8 | data[1]);short humiRaw = (short)(data[2] << 8 | data[3]);float temperature = tempRaw / 10.0f;float humidity = humiRaw / 10.0f;return (temperature, humidity);}
}
2.3 实时曲线显示
using System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting;public class RealTimeChart
{private Chart _chart;private Series _tempSeries;private Series _humiSeries;private Queue<float> _tempBuffer = new Queue<float>();private Queue<float> _humiBuffer = new Queue<float>();private const int MaxPoints = 100;public RealTimeChart(Chart chart){_chart = chart;InitializeChart();}private void InitializeChart(){_tempSeries = new Series("Temperature"){ChartType = SeriesChartType.Spline,Color = Color.Red};_humiSeries = new Series("Humidity"){ChartType = SeriesChartType.Spline,Color = Color.Blue};_chart.Series.Clear();_chart.Series.Add(_tempSeries);_chart.Series.Add(_humiSeries);_chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Interval = 1;_chart.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Interval = 5;}public void UpdateChart(float temp, float humi){if (_tempBuffer.Count >= MaxPoints) _tempBuffer.Dequeue();if (_humiBuffer.Count >= MaxPoints) _humiBuffer.Dequeue();_tempBuffer.Enqueue(temp);_humiBuffer.Enqueue(humi);_tempSeries.Points.Clear();_humiSeries.Points.Clear();for (int i = 0; i < _tempBuffer.Count; i++){_tempSeries.Points.AddXY(i, _tempBuffer.ElementAt(i));_humiSeries.Points.AddXY(i, _humiBuffer.ElementAt(i));}}
}
2.4 主程序集成
public partial class MainForm : Form
{private SerialPortManager _serialManager;private DataProcessor _dataProcessor;private RealTimeChart _realTimeChart;public MainForm(){InitializeComponent();InitializeComponents();}private void InitializeComponents(){_serialManager = new SerialPortManager();_dataProcessor = new DataProcessor();_realTimeChart = new RealTimeChart(chart1);_serialManager.DataReceived += OnDataReceived;}private void OnDataReceived(byte[] data){if (InvokeRequired){Invoke(new Action(() => OnDataReceived(data)));return;}var result = _dataProcessor.ParseData(data);if (result.HasValue){UpdateUI(result.Value.Temperature, result.Value.Humidity);}}private void UpdateUI(float temp, float humi){lblTemp.Text = $"{temp:F1} °C";lblHumi.Text = $"{humi:F1} %RH";_realTimeChart.UpdateChart(temp, humi);}private void btnConnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){_serialManager.Connect("COM3");}
}
三、关键功能
3.1 报警功能
public class AlarmManager
{private const float TempUpper = 30.0f;private const float TempLower = 10.0f;private const float HumiUpper = 70.0f;private const float HumiLower = 30.0f;public bool CheckAlarm(float temp, float humi){bool tempAlarm = temp > TempUpper || temp < TempLower;bool humiAlarm = humi > HumiUpper || humi < HumiLower;if (tempAlarm || humiAlarm){PlayAlertSound();FlashAlarmLight();LogAlarm(temp, humi);return true;}return false;}private void PlayAlertSound(){System.Media.SoundPlayer player = new System.Media.SoundPlayer("alert.wav");player.Play();}private void FlashAlarmLight(){panelAlarm.BackColor = panelAlarm.BackColor == Color.Red ? Color.Transparent : Color.Red;}private void LogAlarm(float temp, float humi){string log = $"{DateTime.Now}: Alarm! Temp={temp:F1}°C, Humi={humi:F1}%RH";File.AppendAllText("alarm.log", log);}
}
3.2 数据存储
public class DataStorage
{private const string DbPath = "data.sqlite";private SQLiteConnection _connection;public DataStorage(){_connection = new SQLiteConnection($"Data Source={DbPath};Version=3;");_connection.Open();CreateTable();}private void CreateTable(){string sql = @"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS measurements (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,timestamp DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,temperature REAL,humidity REAL)";using (var cmd = new SQLiteCommand(sql, _connection)){cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();}}public void SaveData(float temp, float humi){string sql = "INSERT INTO measurements (temperature, humidity) VALUES (@temp, @humi)";using (var cmd = new SQLiteCommand(sql, _connection)){cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@temp", temp);cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@humi", humi);cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();}}
}
四、界面设计要点
<!-- 主界面布局示例 -->
<Form><GroupBox Text="实时监测" Dock="Top"><Label x:Name="lblTemp" Text="温度: -- °C" FontSize="20"/><Label x:Name="lblHumi" Text="湿度: -- %RH" FontSize="20"/><Chart x:Name="chart1" Height="300"/></GroupBox><GroupBox Text="控制面板" Dock="Bottom"><Button x:Name="btnConnect" Text="连接设备" Click="btnConnect_Click"/><Button Text="导出数据" Click="ExportData"/></GroupBox><StatusStrip><ToolStripStatusLabel Text="状态: 未连接"/><ToolStripStatusLabel x:Name="lblAlarmStatus"/></StatusStrip>
</Form>
五、性能优化方案
-
数据缓冲机制
private CircularBuffer<float> _buffer = new CircularBuffer<float>(1000); -
双缓冲绘图
protected override CreateParams CreateParams {get {CreateParams cp = base.CreateParams;cp.ExStyle |= 0x02000000; // WS_EX_COMPOSITEDreturn cp;} } -
异步数据读取
private async Task ReadDataAsync() {while (true){await Task.Delay(100);// 数据处理逻辑} }
参考代码 C#温湿度上位机软件源码 www.youwenfan.com/contentcsh/57308.html
六、调试与测试
-
模拟数据测试
private void GenerateTestData() {Random rand = new Random();for(int i=0; i<100; i++){float temp = 20 + rand.NextDouble()*10;float humi = 40 + rand.NextDouble()*20;_realTimeChart.UpdateChart(temp, humi);} } -
性能监控
public void MonitorPerformance() {PerformanceCounter cpuCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Processor", "% Processor Time", "_Total");PerformanceCounter ramCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Memory", "Available MBytes"); }
七、部署方案
-
安装包制作
- 使用Inno Setup创建安装程序
- 包含依赖项：.NET Framework 4.8、SQLite
-
系统服务化
public class BackgroundService : ServiceBase {protected override void OnStart(string[] args){// 启动数据采集线程} }