安装vllm的艰苦过程
历时两天，终于把vllm库安装好了，简单地记录了一下过程。结果见下图：
首先是，一开始在安装的时候，可能会遇到gcc版本的问题。假如你的版本是7.5.0的，那么就需要注意了，这个gcc就要升级一下。下面是免sudo的升级办法：
conda install -c conda-forge gxx=11.2.0conda install -c conda-forge gcc=11.2.0然后就可以放心地安装vllm了，执行
pip install -U --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu121 vllm --pre为什么呢？如果你不这样执行，直接pip install vllm，可能会出现如下的报错：
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INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of vllm to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while. ERROR: Ignored the following versions that require a different python version: 0.52.0 Requires-Python >=3.6,<3.9; 0.52.0rc3 Requires-Python >=3.6,<3.9; 0.53.0 Requires-Python >=3.6,<3.10; 0.53.0rc1.post1 Requires-Python >=3.6,<3.10; 0.53.0rc2 Requires-Python >=3.6,<3.10; 0.53.0rc3 Requires-Python >=3.6,<3.10; 0.53.1 Requires-Python >=3.6,<3.10; 0.54.0 Requires-Python >=3.7,<3.10; 0.54.0rc2 Requires-Python >=3.7,<3.10; 0.54.0rc3 Requires-Python >=3.7,<3.10; 0.54.1 Requires-Python >=3.7,<3.10; 1.16.0 Requires-Python >=3.11; 1.16.0rc1 Requires-Python >=3.11; 1.16.0rc2 Requires-Python >=3.11; 1.16.1 Requires-Python >=3.11; 1.16.2 Requires-Python >=3.11; 1.6.2 Requires-Python >=3.7,<3.10; 1.6.3 Requires-Python >=3.7,<3.10; 1.7.0 Requires-Python >=3.7,<3.10; 1.7.1 Requires-Python >=3.7,<3.10 ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement torch==2.7.1 (from vllm) (from versions: 1.11.0, 1.12.0, 1.12.1, 1.13.0, 1.13.1, 2.0.0, 2.0.1, 2.1.0, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.4.0, 2.4.1, 2.5.0, 2.5.1, 2.6.0) ERROR: No matching distribution found for torch==2.7.1
它的意思就是说，你要确保torch的版本是2.7.1，但实际上用pip安装torch==2.7.1的时候，是找不到这个版本的。所以你就需要安装更低版本的。
不要尝试装torch 2.7.1——它目前就不存在！
torch 2.7.1目前根本不存在，而vLLM 0.10.x的setup.py却硬写死了这两个版本，于是pip永远找不到，直接ResolutionImpossible。这是vLLM官方打包bug，不是你用错命令。大模型给出的解决方案是：直接用官方nightly（已修复依赖）官方仓库2025-08-30之后已把依赖改成torch>=2.5.0,<2.6（用 2.5.1）并推送了nightly轮子，一条命令就能装(也就是上面带有'--pre'后缀的那一条命令)。
后面我又遇到了报错（比较长，不想看可以不看）：
FAILED: [code=1] CMakeFiles/_zmq.dir/_src/_zmq.c.o
/share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/bin/gcc -pthread -B /share/home/xxxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/compiler_compat -DZMQ_STATIC -DZMQ_STATIC=1 -D_zmq_EXPORTS -I/tmp/tmpe4fb6121/build/bundled/include -I/tmp/pip-install-rp8eg1yg/pyzmq_af41d5fbd54846de86c9f864e683968f/zmq/utils -I/tmp/tmpe4fb6121/build/_deps/bundled_libzmq-src/include -I/tmp/tmpe4fb6121/build/_deps/bundled_libzmq-build -isystem /share/home/xxxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/include/python3.10 -O3 -DNDEBUG -fPIC -MD -MT CMakeFiles/_zmq.dir/_src/_zmq.c.o -MF CMakeFiles/_zmq.dir/_src/_zmq.c.o.d -o CMakeFiles/_zmq.dir/_src/_zmq.c.o -c /tmp/tmpe4fb6121/build/_src/_zmq.c
In file included from /tmp/tmpe4fb6121/build/_src/_zmq.c:11:
/share/homexxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/include/python3.10/Python.h:44:10: fatal error: crypt.h: No such file or directory
44 | #include <crypt.h>
| ^~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
*** CMake build failed
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for pyzmq
Building wheel for sentencepiece (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Building wheel for sentencepiece (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [98 lines of output]
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece
copying src/sentencepiece/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece
copying src/sentencepiece/_version.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece
copying src/sentencepiece/sentencepiece_model_pb2.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece
copying src/sentencepiece/sentencepiece_pb2.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece
running egg_info
writing src/sentencepiece.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to src/sentencepiece.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing requirements to src/sentencepiece.egg-info/requires.txt
writing top-level names to src/sentencepiece.egg-info/top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'src/sentencepiece.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
writing manifest file 'src/sentencepiece.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying src/sentencepiece/sentencepiece.i -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece
copying src/sentencepiece/sentencepiece_wrap.cxx -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece/package_data
copying src/sentencepiece/package_data/nfkc.bin -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece/package_data
copying src/sentencepiece/package_data/nfkc_cf.bin -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece/package_data
copying src/sentencepiece/package_data/nmt_nfkc.bin -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece/package_data
copying src/sentencepiece/package_data/nmt_nfkc_cf.bin -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/sentencepiece/package_data
running build_ext
Package sentencepiece was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `sentencepiece.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'sentencepiece' found
CMake Error: The source directory "/tmp/pip-install-rp8eg1yg/sentencepiece_8f8918fd16e140c0b8c3c18102c0a7bf/build" does not appear to contain CMakeLists.txt.
Specify --help for usage, or press the help button on the CMake GUI.
Unknown argument --parallel
Unknown argument 224
Usage: cmake --build <dir> [options] [-- [native-options]]
Options:
<dir> = Project binary directory to be built.
--target <tgt> = Build <tgt> instead of default targets.
May only be specified once.
--config <cfg> = For multi-configuration tools, choose <cfg>.
--clean-first = Build target 'clean' first, then build.
(To clean only, use --target 'clean'.)
--use-stderr = Ignored. Behavior is default in CMake >= 3.0.
-- = Pass remaining options to the native tool.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 389, in <module>
main()
File "/share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 373, in main
json_out["return_val"] = hook(**hook_input["kwargs"])
File "/share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 280, in build_wheel
return _build_backend().build_wheel(
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 435, in build_wheel
return _build(['bdist_wheel', '--dist-info-dir', str(metadata_directory)])
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 423, in _build
return self._build_with_temp_dir(
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 404, in _build_with_temp_dir
self.run_setup()
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 317, in run_setup
exec(code, locals())
File "<string>", line 235, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 115, in setup
return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 186, in setup
return run_commands(dist)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 202, in run_commands
dist.run_commands()
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1002, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1102, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1021, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/bdist_wheel.py", line 370, in run
self.run_command("build")
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 357, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1102, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1021, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build.py", line 135, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 357, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1102, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1021, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/build_ext.py", line 96, in run
_build_ext.run(self)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 368, in run
self.build_extensions()
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 484, in build_extensions
self._build_extensions_serial()
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-0doefphb/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 510, in _build_extensions_serial
self.build_extension(ext)
File "<string>", line 95, in build_extension
File "/share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 369, in check_call
raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['./build_bundled.sh', '0.2.1']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for sentencepiece
Successfully built xformers
Failed to build pyzmq sentencepiece
error: failed-wheel-build-for-install× Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects
╰─> pyzmq, sentencepiece
这就是说编译环境缺失系统头文件/库导致的构建失败，于是我执行
pip install --force-reinstall --no-cache-dir pyzmq sentencepiece按照了pyzmq和sentencepiece，但是只有后者安装成功了，前面的pyzmq还是没有成功，继续执行那条带'--pre'的指令之后继续报错：
Building wheels for collected packages: pyzmq
Building wheel for pyzmq (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Building wheel for pyzmq (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [38 lines of output]
*** scikit-build-core 0.11.6 using CMake 4.1.0 (wheel)
*** Configuring CMake...
loading initial cache file /tmp/tmpcj24cbn4/build/CMakeInit.txt
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 11.2.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 11.2.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/bin/gcc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/bin/g++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Building pyzmq for Linux 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
-- Found Python: /share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/bin/python3.10 (found version "3.10.0") found components: Interpreter Development.Module
-- Looking for libzmq
-- Looking for libzmq - Found with cmake: /share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/lib/libzmq.so
-- Using Python Python /share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/bin/python3.10
-- Building Cython backend
-- Linking libzmq target libzmq
-- Configuring done (1.2s)
-- Generating done (0.0s)
-- Build files have been written to: /tmp/tmpcj24cbn4/build
*** Building project with Ninja...
[1/3] Generating _src/_zmq.c
[2/3] Building C object CMakeFiles/_zmq.dir/_src/_zmq.c.o
FAILED: [code=1] CMakeFiles/_zmq.dir/_src/_zmq.c.o
/share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/bin/gcc -pthread -B /share/home/xxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/compiler_compat -D_zmq_EXPORTS -I/tmp/pip-install-xhkn1lwc/pyzmq_e03d59211b884b1a99733aa0392fdb82/zmq/utils -isystem /share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/include/python3.10 -isystem /share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/include -O3 -DNDEBUG -fPIC -MD -MT CMakeFiles/_zmq.dir/_src/_zmq.c.o -MF CMakeFiles/_zmq.dir/_src/_zmq.c.o.d -o CMakeFiles/_zmq.dir/_src/_zmq.c.o -c /tmp/tmpcj24cbn4/build/_src/_zmq.c
In file included from /tmp/tmpcj24cbn4/build/_src/_zmq.c:11:
/share/home/xxxx/miniconda3/envs/py3x/include/python3.10/Python.h:44:10: fatal error: crypt.h: No such file or directory
44 | #include <crypt.h>
| ^~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
*** CMake build failed
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for pyzmq
Failed to build pyzmq
error: failed-wheel-build-for-install× Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects
╰─> pyzmq
于是大模型建议我换成“wheel”版的pyzmq，也就是先卸载原有的pyzmq，然后重新使用wheel版对pyzmq进行重新安装，彻底卸载的话是执行：
pip uninstall -y pyzmq
conda remove -y pyzmq强制只拉binary wheel（禁止回退到源码）版的话是执行：
pip install --force-reinstall --upgrade --only-binary :all: pyzmq验证代码：
python -c "
import zmq, distutils.util
print('pyzmq', zmq.pyzmq_version())
print('platform', distutils.util.get_platform())
"得到了这样的结果：
说明安装的是wheel版的pyzmq。
最后再继续执行带'--pre'的那条指令(因为前面一直没有成功)，最后就成功安装了vllm。
有一篇博客我是参考了一下，虽然按照他的方法没有成功安装，但是gcc的升级办法确实感觉有帮助到我：vllm安装踩坑记。在此对作者表达真挚的感谢！