自动化运维工具ansible

作用

批量管理服务器，实现运维自动化。

安装

rpm包安装

 yum install ansible -y

编译安装

yum -y install python-jinja2 PyYAML python-paramiko python-babelpython-cryptotar xf ansible-1.5.4.tar.gzcd ansible-1.5.4python setup.py buildpython setup.py installmkdir /etc/ansiblecp -r examples/* /etc/ansible

pip安装

pip是安装Python包的管理器，类似yum

yum install python-pip python-develyum install gcc glibc-devel zibl-devel rpm-bulid openssl-develpip install --upgrade pippip install ansible --upgrade

相关文件

/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg 主配置文件，配置ansible工作特性

/etc/ansible/hosts 主机清单

/etc/ansible/roles/ 存放角色的目录

/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg配置文件

 [defaults]#inventory = /etc/ansible/hosts # 主机列表配置文件#library = /usr/share/my_modules/ # 库文件存放目录#remote_tmp = $HOME/.ansible/tmp #临时py命令文件存放在远程主机目录#local_tmp = $HOME/.ansible/tmp # 本机的临时命令执行目录#forks = 5 # 默认并发数#sudo_user = root # 默认sudo 用户#ask_sudo_pass = True #每次执行ansible命令是否询问ssh密码#ask_pass = True #remote_port = 22#host_key_checking = False # 检查对应服务器的host_key#log_path=/var/log/ansible.log #日志文件

/etc/ansible/hosts 主机清单

[webservers]/////////////////////[dbservers]///////////////////

ansible命令

 ansible <host-pattern> [-m module_name] [-a args]

连通需要管理的主机

主机	IP
ansible控制端	192.168.188.130
nginx1	192.168.188.131
nginx2	192.168.188.132
nginx3	192.168.188.134

将需要管的主机IP加入主机清单中

vim /etc/ansible/hosts[webservers]192.168.188.131192.168.188.132[dbservers]192.168.188.134

配置免密登录

 ssh-key-genssh-copy-id 192.168.188.132ssh-copy-id 192.168.188.131ssh-copy-id 192.168.188.134

测试连通性

ansible all -m ping192.168.188.131 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"},"changed": false,"ping": "pong"}192.168.188.134 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"},"changed": false,"ping": "pong"}192.168.188.129 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"},"changed": false,"ping": "pong"}

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ansible常用模块

command

默认模块

ansible all -m command -a 'ip a'

ping

测试连通性，成功回复pong

ansible all -m ping

yum

管理包，默认安装

ansible all -m yum -a 'name=nginx' #安装ansible all -m yum -a 'name=nginx state=absent' #删除

nginx端用rpm包查看

 rpm -ql nginx|grep bin

service

管理服务

ansible all -m service -a 'name=nginx state=started' #启动ansible all -m service -a 'name=nginx state=stopped' #关闭