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C++实现汉诺塔游戏用户交互

news 来源：原创 2025/6/5 18:35:56

一、模型调整

(一)模型定义

这里更新的知识点包括：类的静态变量、类的构造函数。

//汉诺塔柱子，将大部分属性静态化
class Stick {public:deque<int> plates; //柱子放置盘子的栈int x, y; //柱子底中心位置static int width, height; //柱子宽、高static unsigned char r, g, b; //柱子颜色static int pside, pheight; //盘子边长、厚度static unsigned char pr, pg, pb; //盘子颜色Stick(int x, int y, int width, int height, unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b,int pside, int pheight, unsigned char pr, unsigned char pg, unsigned char pb); //构造函数void show(SDL_Renderer*); //在指定渲染器绘制画面
};//定义静态变量
int Stick::width; int Stick::height;
unsigned char Stick::r; unsigned char Stick::g; unsigned char Stick::b;
int Stick::pside; int Stick::pheight;
unsigned char Stick::pr; unsigned char Stick::pg = pg; unsigned char Stick::pb = pb;//默认构造函数，柱子在左边沿位置，宽6，高300，棕色，盘子边长40、厚10、天蓝色
Stick::Stick(int x = 0, int y = 300, int width = 6, int height = 300, unsigned char r = 95, unsigned char g = 60, unsigned char b = 10,int pside = 40, int pheight = 10, unsigned char pr = 0, unsigned char pg = 255, unsigned char pb = 255):x(x), y(y) {Stick::width = width; Stick::height = height;Stick::r = r; Stick::g = g; Stick::b = b;Stick::pside = pside; Stick::pheight = pheight;Stick::pr = pr; Stick::pg = pg; Stick::pb = pb;}//整个汉诺塔模型，新增手指、空中盘子2个变量，新增upPlate、downPlate、leftFiger、rightFinger4个成员函数
//更新了显示函数，使用户可以设置刷新频率
class Hanoi {private:SDL_Renderer * render; // 内置窗口渲染器指针Finger finger; //手指int airPlate; //空中的盘子号public:Stick sticks[3]; //3根柱子Hanoi(SDL_Renderer *, int, int); //构造函数bool movePlate(int a, int b); //将1个盘子从a柱移到b柱void movePlates(int a, int b, int count); //将count个盘子从a柱移到b柱bool upPlate(); //从手指处拾起1个盘子bool downPlate(); //在手指处放下1个盘子void leftFinger(); //手指左移1下void rightFinger(); //手指右移1下void show(); //在窗口绘制画面void show(int); //在窗口以指定时间间隔绘制画面
};//手指颜色默认未拿起时为蓝色，在第0根柱子上
Hanoi::Hanoi(SDL_Renderer *render, int n, int index=0): render(render), finger({index, 0, 0, 255}) {//初始化空中无盘子airPlate = 0;//初始化第0根柱子，盘子从n到1压栈for (int i = n; i >0; i--) {sticks[0].plates.push_back(i);}//明确3根柱子位置sticks[0].x = 200; sticks[1].x = 400, sticks[2].x = 600;
}//手指模型
typedef struct Finger {int index; //柱号unsigned char r, g, b; //手指颜色
} Finger;

(二)模型实现

1.电脑自动完成部分

这里更新的知识点包括：移动圆盘前后SDL显示、手指状态显示

bool Hanoi::movePlate(int a, int b) {int plateA, plateB; //2根柱子顶端的盘子plateA = this->sticks[a].plates.back();if (!this->sticks[b].plates.empty()) {plateB = this->sticks[b].plates.back();if (plateA > plateB) return false;}//小盘子可以放在大盘子上this->finger.index = a;this->finger.r = 255; this->finger.b = 0; //让手指变红成拿起圆盘状态this->show();this->sticks[a].plates.pop_back();this->sticks[b].plates.push_back(plateA);this->finger.index = b;this->finger.r = 0; this->finger.b = 255; //让手指变蓝成旆圆盘状态this->show(); //显示return true;
}

2.SDL图形显示

这里更新的知识点包括：SDL事件捕获与响应

SDL_Event event;
while(true) {SDL_PollEvent(&event); //等待事件
// cout << event.type << " " << flush;if (event.type == SDL_QUIT) { // 退出break;} else if (event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN) { // 按键//防抖while(true) {SDL_PollEvent(&event); //等待事件if ((event.type == SDL_KEYUP)) break;}switch (event.key.keysym.sym) { //检测按了哪个方向键case SDLK_UP:hanoi.upPlate();break;case SDLK_DOWN:hanoi.downPlate();break;case SDLK_LEFT:hanoi.leftFinger();break;case SDLK_RIGHT:hanoi.rightFinger();break;}}hanoi.show(20); //20毫秒刷新一次

2.1拿起放下盘子的函数

bool Hanoi::upPlate() {if (this->sticks[this->finger.index].plates.empty() || this->airPlate) return false; //柱子为空或已经有空中盘子// 弹出圆盘this->airPlate = this->sticks[this->finger.index].plates.back();this->sticks[this->finger.index].plates.pop_back();// 手指变红this->finger.r = 255; this->finger.b = 0;return true;
}bool Hanoi::downPlate() {//空中无圆盘或下方圆盘小都不能放if (this->airPlate == 0) return false; if (this->sticks[this->finger.index].plates.size() > 0 && this->sticks[this->finger.index].plates.back() < this->airPlate)return false;// 压入圆盘this->sticks[this->finger.index].plates.push_back(this->airPlate);this->airPlate = 0;// 手指变蓝this->finger.r = 0; this->finger.b = 255;return true;
}

2.2左右移动手指的函数

void Hanoi::leftFinger() {this->finger.index = (this->finger.index + 2) % 3;
}void Hanoi::rightFinger() {this->finger.index = (this->finger.index + 1) % 3;
}

二、处理用户输入，进行人机分流

放置在main函数中:

    int n; //汉诺塔层数int mode; //游戏模式while (true) {cout << "请输入汉诺塔层数：" << flush;cin >> n;cout << "选择模式：1：电脑完成，2：玩家完成" << endl;cin >> mode;if (mode != 1 && mode !=2) {cout << "模式错误" << endl;} else {//初始化SDL部分//...//初始化汉诺塔部分Hanoi hanoi(render, n);hanoi.show(); //修复刚启动黑屏bugif (mode == 1) { //电脑自动完成部分hanoi.movePlates(0, 2, n);} else { //mode == 2，用户交互部分//进行事件捕获与响应//...}//SDL销毁部分//...}}