AI大模型（三）openAI大模型应用

openAI大模型应用

大模型中的分词

token其实就是所谓的分词，但是要比分词稍微复杂一点，它实际上是有点类似于前面的embedding，它是把我们的语言先做分词之后，然后把每一个词对应一个整数，最后形成一个向量，这就是token。

简单的说token就是一个单词， （实际上根据分词的结果，可能是多个单词/符号/字符 都有可能，这个是由分词器的vocabulary决定的), 然后我们把token随便编个号，就叫token id , 因为神经网络需要数学计算，所以要转成数字, 然后把这个token id 再经过全连接神经网络就变成了embedding

举个例子，
token → 猫
Token ID → 123（“猫”→ 123）
Embedding → 123 对应的向量

import tiktoken#根据模型的名字来获取采用的分词器编码名称
tokenizer = tiktoken.encoding_for_model('gpt-3.5-turbo')
print(tokenizer.name)#根据名称得到分词器
# tokenizer2 = tiktoken.encoding_for_model('cl100k_base')# 分词得到向量
res1 = tokenizer.encode("China is great!")
res2 = tokenizer.encode('这种模型通常用于自动摘要、文章创作、代码生成等任务，其中用户提供部分内容，而模型则帮助完成剩余的文本。')print(res1)
print(len(res1))
print(res2)
print(len(res2))
# 根据向量，还原文本
print(tokenizer.decode(res2))
#把每一个整数还原成一个词条
res3 = tokenizer.encode("tiktoken is great!")words =[tokenizer.decode_single_token_bytes(token) for token in res3]
print(words)

模型的API操作

from openai import OpenAIclient = client = OpenAI()#SyncPage[Model](data=[Model(id='claude-3-5-haiku-20241022', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='claude-3-5-haiku-20241022', parent=None), Model(id='claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620', parent=None), Model(id='claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022', parent=None), Model(id='claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219', parent=None), Model(id='claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219-thinking', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219-thinking', parent=None), Model(id='claude-3-haiku-20240307', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='claude-3-haiku-20240307', parent=None), Model(id='claude-opus-4-20250514', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='claude-opus-4-20250514', parent=None), Model(id='claude-sonnet-4-20250514', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='claude-sonnet-4-20250514', parent=None), Model(id='dall-e-3', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='dall-e-3', parent=None), Model(id='deepseek-r1', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='coze', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='deepseek-r1', parent=None), Model(id='deepseek-r1-2025-01-20', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='custom', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='deepseek-r1-2025-01-20', parent=None), Model(id='deepseek-reasoner', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='deepseek', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='deepseek-reasoner', parent=None), Model(id='deepseek-v3', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='coze', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='deepseek-v3', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-1.5-flash', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-1.5-flash', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-1.5-flash-8b', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-1.5-flash-8b', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-1.5-flash-exp-0827', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='custom', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-1.5-flash-exp-0827', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-1.5-flash-latest', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-1.5-flash-latest', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-1.5-pro', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-1.5-pro', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-1.5-pro-exp-0827', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='custom', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-1.5-pro-exp-0827', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-1.5-pro-latest', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-1.5-pro-latest', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-2.0-flash', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-2.0-flash', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-2.0-flash-exp', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-2.0-flash-exp', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-2.0-flash-lite-preview', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-2.0-flash-lite-preview', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-2.0-flash-thinking-exp', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-2.0-flash-thinking-exp', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-2.0-flash-thinking-exp-1219', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='custom', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-2.0-flash-thinking-exp-1219', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-2.0-pro-exp', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-2.0-pro-exp', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-2.0-pro-exp-02-05', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='custom', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-2.0-pro-exp-02-05', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-exp-1114', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='custom', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-exp-1114', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-exp-1121', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='custom', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-exp-1121', parent=None), Model(id='gemini-exp-1206', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='vertex-ai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gemini-exp-1206', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-3.5-turbo', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-3.5-turbo', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-3.5-turbo-0125', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-3.5-turbo-0125', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-3.5-turbo-0613', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-3.5-turbo-0613', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-3.5-turbo-1106', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-3.5-turbo-1106', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-3.5-turbo-16k', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-3.5-turbo-16k', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-3.5-turbo-16k-0613', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-3.5-turbo-16k-0613', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4-0125-preview', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4-0125-preview', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4-0613', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4-0613', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4-1106-preview', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4-1106-preview', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4-32k', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4-32k', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4-32k-0613', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4-32k-0613', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4-turbo', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4-turbo', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4-turbo-preview', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4-turbo-preview', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4-vision-preview', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4-vision-preview', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4o', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4o', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4o-2024-05-13', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4o-2024-05-13', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4o-2024-08-06', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4o-2024-08-06', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4o-2024-11-20', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4o-2024-11-20', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4o-mini', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4o-mini', parent=None), Model(id='gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18', parent=None), Model(id='o1', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='o1', parent=None), Model(id='o1-2024-12-17', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='o1-2024-12-17', parent=None), Model(id='o1-mini', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='o1-mini', parent=None), Model(id='o1-mini-2024-09-12', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='o1-mini-2024-09-12', parent=None), Model(id='o1-preview', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='o1-preview', parent=None), Model(id='o1-preview-2024-09-12', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='o1-preview-2024-09-12', parent=None), Model(id='o3', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='custom', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='o3', parent=None), Model(id='o3-mini', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='o3-mini', parent=None), Model(id='o3-mini-2025-01-31', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='o3-mini-2025-01-31', parent=None), Model(id='text-embedding-3-large', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='text-embedding-3-large', parent=None), Model(id='text-embedding-3-small', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='text-embedding-3-small', parent=None), Model(id='text-embedding-ada-002', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='text-embedding-ada-002', parent=None), Model(id='tts-1', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='tts-1', parent=None), Model(id='tts-1-hd', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='tts-1-hd', parent=None), Model(id='whisper-1', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='whisper-1', parent=None)], object=None, success=True)
#print(client.models.list())
# models = client.models.list()
# model_list = [model.id for model in models.data]
#['claude-3-5-haiku-20241022', 'claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620', 'claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022', 'claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219', 'claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219-thinking', 'claude-3-haiku-20240307', 'claude-opus-4-20250514', 'claude-sonnet-4-20250514', 'dall-e-3', 'deepseek-r1', 'deepseek-r1-2025-01-20', 'deepseek-reasoner', 'deepseek-v3', 'gemini-1.5-flash', 'gemini-1.5-flash-8b', 'gemini-1.5-flash-exp-0827', 'gemini-1.5-flash-latest', 'gemini-1.5-pro', 'gemini-1.5-pro-exp-0827', 'gemini-1.5-pro-latest', 'gemini-2.0-flash', 'gemini-2.0-flash-exp', 'gemini-2.0-flash-lite-preview', 'gemini-2.0-flash-thinking-exp', 'gemini-2.0-flash-thinking-exp-1219', 'gemini-2.0-pro-exp', 'gemini-2.0-pro-exp-02-05', 'gemini-exp-1114', 'gemini-exp-1121', 'gemini-exp-1206', 'gpt-3.5-turbo', 'gpt-3.5-turbo-0125', 'gpt-3.5-turbo-0613', 'gpt-3.5-turbo-1106', 'gpt-3.5-turbo-16k', 'gpt-3.5-turbo-16k-0613', 'gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct', 'gpt-4', 'gpt-4-0125-preview', 'gpt-4-0613', 'gpt-4-1106-preview', 'gpt-4-32k', 'gpt-4-32k-0613', 'gpt-4-turbo', 'gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09', 'gpt-4-turbo-preview', 'gpt-4-vision-preview', 'gpt-4o', 'gpt-4o-2024-05-13', 'gpt-4o-2024-08-06', 'gpt-4o-2024-11-20', 'gpt-4o-mini', 'gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18', 'o1', 'o1-2024-12-17', 'o1-mini', 'o1-mini-2024-09-12', 'o1-preview', 'o1-preview-2024-09-12', 'o3', 'o3-mini', 'o3-mini-2025-01-31', 'text-embedding-3-large', 'text-embedding-3-small', 'text-embedding-ada-002', 'tts-1', 'tts-1-hd', 'whisper-1']
# print(model_list)
model_info = client.models.retrieve('gpt-4o')
print(model_info)
'''
Model(id='gpt-4o', created=1626777600, object='model', owned_by='openai', permission=[{'id': 'modelperm-LwHkVFn8AcMItP432fKKDIKJ', 'object': 'model_permission', 'created': 1626777600, 'allow_create_engine': True, 'allow_sampling': True, 'allow_logprobs': True, 'allow_search_indices': False, 'allow_view': True, 'allow_fine_tuning': False, 'organization': '*', 'group': None, 'is_blocking': False}], root='gpt-4o', parent=None)
1、created: 这是模型创建的时间戳，单位为 Unix 时间戳（自1970年1月1日（00:00:00 GMT）以后的秒数）。
2、id: 这是模型的唯一标识符。
3、object: 这个字段表示的是当前对象的类型。
4、owned_by: 这个字段表示的是模型的所有者。
'''

文本生成的案例

client.completions.create 函数中的 temperature 参数用于控制生成文本时的多样性。具体来说，temperature 参数值越高，生成文本的多样性就会增加，可能会导致更富有创意和变化的输出；而当 temperature 参数值较低时，生成的文本会更加保守、可预测，可能会更贴近输入数据的模式。因此，调整 temperature 参数可以影响生成文本的风格和多样性。

调用方式：

from openai import OpenAIclient = client = OpenAI()result = client.completions.create(#要使用的模型idmodel='gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct',#要补全的提示信息prompt='讲5个笑话给小朋友听',#输出最大的token数max_tokens=1000,#使用哪个采样温度，专门控制生成文本的多样性的，值越多多样性会增加，# 调整temperature参数可以影响生成文本的风格和多样性temperature=0.5,#每个prompt补全生成的次数n=2
)
# result是一个completions的类型
print(result)
print(type(result))
'''
Completion(id='chatcmpl-3OTDzcMhAEFTcCeETSkGuqSswPP4y', choices=[CompletionChoice(finish_reason='stop', index=0, logprobs=None, text='\n\n1. 为什么小鸡过马路？因为它想去找“咯咯咯”的朋友啊！\n2. 有一天，小明去买冰淇淋，卖冰淇淋的阿姨问他：“你要什么味道的冰淇淋？”小明回答：“巧克力味的，因为我是个巧克力控！”\n3. 学校里有一只很调皮的小猴子，老师问它：“你为什么老是爬树？”小猴子回答：“因为我是个树控啊！”\n4. 有一天，小明去海边玩，他看到一只海星，就问它：“你为什么只有五条胳膊？”海星回答：“因为我是个星控啊！”\n5. 小朋友们，你们知道什么时候鱼会变成猫吗？当它们游到“猫”海里的时候！'), CompletionChoice(finish_reason='stop', index=1, logprobs=None, text='\n1. 小明问小红：“你知道为什么猪会长胡子吗？”\n小红回答：“为什么？”\n小明说：“因为它们不会用剃须刀！”\n2. 有一天，小狗和小猫一起去旅行。小狗问小猫：“我们要去哪里？”\n小猫回答：“去猫山！”\n小狗又问：“那我是不是要去狗山？”\n小猫笑着说：“不，你要去猫山，因为我是领队！”\n3. 小明问小王：“你知道为什么蜗牛会慢吗？”\n小王回答：“为什么？”\n小明说：“因为它们的脚太短，走路都走不动！”\n4. 小明问小芳：“你知道为什么大象的鼻子那么长吗？”\n小芳回答：“为什么？”\n小明说：“因为它们的鼻子是用来打喷嚏的，打喷嚏时可以遮住整个大象！”\n5. 有一天，小兔子和小熊一起去捉迷藏。小兔子藏在草丛中，小熊找了很久都找不到。最后小熊问小兔子：“你在哪里？”\n小兔子回答：“我在草丛里！”\n小熊说：“啊，我找了半天，原来你在草丛里，我还以为你跳到月亮上去了！”', content_filter_results={'hate': {'filtered': False, 'severity': 'safe'}, 'self_harm': {'filtered': False, 'severity': 'safe'}, 'sexual': {'filtered': False, 'severity': 'safe'}, 'violence': {'filtered': False, 'severity': 'safe'}})], created=1748071539, model='gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct', object='text_completion', system_fingerprint=None, usage=CompletionUsage(completion_tokens=755, prompt_tokens=12, total_tokens=767, completion_tokens_details=None, prompt_tokens_details=None))
<class 'openai.types.completion.Completion'>
'''
print(result.choices[0].text)

OpenAI简易聊天机器人实现

from openai import OpenAI
from pyexpat.errors import messagesclient = client = OpenAI()# 1、准备一个message，同时这个message还要聊天记录所有的聊天信息
message= [{'role':'system', 'content':'你是一个无所不能的体育专家。'},# 用户{'role':'user','content':'你好呀！'}
]
# chat completions，交互式的API调用
result = client.chat.completions.create(model='gpt-3.5-turbo',messages=message
)
print(type(result))
print(result)print(result.choices[0].message.content)
out_result = result.choices[0].message
message.append({'role':out_result.role,'content':out_result.content})#第二轮的聊天
new_chat ={'role':'user','content':'1、2024年的奥运会在哪个国家举行。2、告诉我这个国家的首都是什么？'
}
message.append(new_chat)
print(message)
result = client.chat.completions.create(model='gpt-3.5-turbo',messages=message
)
out_result = result.choices[0].message
print(out_result.content)
message.append({'role':out_result.role,'content':out_result.content})# 开启第三轮对话：
new_chat ={'role':'user','content':'请问这个国家历史上一共获得过多少金牌'
}
message.append(new_chat)result = client.chat.completions.create(model='gpt-3.5-turbo',messages=message
)
out_result = result.choices[0].message
print(out_result.content)message.append({'role': out_result.role, 'content': out_result.content})# 开启一个新会话，单独问一个问题
new_chat = [{'role': 'user','content': '请问这个国家历史上一共获得过多少金牌？'
}]result = client.chat.completions.create(model='gpt-3.5-turbo',messages=new_chat
)
print(result.choices[0].message.content)