Rust入门

安装 Rust

使用 rustup安装Rust，rustup是一个用于管理 Rust 版本，及其相关工具的命令行工具。安装过程会因操作系统而略有不同。

类似Linix的系统

• 打开终端 terminal
• 运行以下命令，下载并执行rustup安装脚本

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

• 按照屏幕上的指示操作。默认的“标准安装”，通常足以满足大多数用户的需求

Windows

• 从 Rust 官方网站 (rust-lang.org/tools/install) 下载 rustup-init.exe 安装程序
• 运行下载的 rustup-init.exe 文件
• 按照屏幕上的说明进行操作。通常情况下，默认的“标准安装”，通常足以满足大多数用户的需求
• 在Windows上编译Rust，通常需要C++构建工具，这些工具通常由 Visual Studio 提供。如果未安装这些工具，rustup 安装程序可能会提示您安装，或者您可能需要单独安装它们

验证安装

安装完成后，通过打开一个新的终端，或命令提示符并运行以下命令来验证

cargo --version

屏幕输出

cargo 1.91.0 (ea2d97820 2025-10-10)

该命令输出 Cargo 的版本，cargo 是 Rust 的构建工具和包管理器，以确认 Rust 已成功安装。

可以用下列的命令，列出cargo工具的功能

~$ cargo --list

屏幕输出

Installed Commands:add                  Add dependencies to a Cargo.toml manifest fileb                    alias: buildbench                Execute all benchmarks of a local packagebuild                Compile a local package and all of its dependenciesc                    alias: checkcheck                Check a local package and all of its dependencies for errorsclean                Remove artifacts that cargo has generated in the pastclippy               Checks a package to catch common mistakes and improve your Rust code.config               Inspect configuration valuesd                    alias: docdoc                  Build a package's documentationfetch                Fetch dependencies of a package from the networkfix                  Automatically fix lint warnings reported by rustcfmt                  Formats all bin and lib files of the current crate using rustfmt.generate-lockfile    Generate the lockfile for a packagegit-checkout         REMOVED: This command has been removedhelp                 Displays help for a cargo subcommandinfo                 Display information about a packageinit                 Create a new cargo package in an existing directoryinstall              Install a Rust binarylocate-project       Print a JSON representation of a Cargo.toml file's locationlogin                Log in to a registry.logout               Remove an API token from the registry locallymetadata             Output the resolved dependencies of a package, the concrete used versions including overrides, in machine-readable formatmirinew                  Create a new cargo package at <path>owner                Manage the owners of a crate on the registrypackage              Assemble the local package into a distributable tarballpkgid                Print a fully qualified package specificationpublish              Upload a package to the registryr                    alias: runread-manifest        DEPRECATED: Print a JSON representation of a Cargo.toml manifest.remove               Remove dependencies from a Cargo.toml manifest filereport               Generate and display various kinds of reportsrm                   alias: removerun                  Run a binary or example of the local packagerustc                Compile a package, and pass extra options to the compilerrustdoc              Build a package's documentation, using specified custom flags.search               Search packages in the registry. Default registry is crates.iot                    alias: testtest                 Execute all unit and integration tests and build examples of a local packagetree                 Display a tree visualization of a dependency graphuninstall            Remove a Rust binaryupdate               Update dependencies as recorded in the local lock filevendor               Vendor all dependencies for a project locallyverify-project       DEPRECATED: Check correctness of crate manifest.version              Show version informationyank                 Remove a pushed crate from the index

cargo - Rust 构建工具和包管理器

当使用rustup安装Rust时，构建工具和包管理器cargo。

常用的cargo功能

• cargo new，产生一个应用程序项目
• cargo build，编译。链接应用程序项目
• cargo run，运行应用程序
• cargo test，测试应用程序
• cargo doc，生成应用程序项目文档
• cargo publish，将库发布到 crates.io

$ source $HOME/.cargo/env
$ cargo new hello
$ cd hello
$ cargo build
$ cargo run

屏幕输出

    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.01sRunning `target/debug/hello`
Hello, world!