ubuntu24.04制作离线本地APT源

一、服务端替换APT公共源

介绍有两种方式，但方法一和方法二无需同时配置，否则apt update时会提示存在重复的软件源配置，建议使用方法一。此外，我在配置完apt update时报错 403 Forbidden，找阿里云提单放通我的公网IP就好了，但还是会有限速，实际可替换为其他源。
Ubuntu20.04和Ubuntu22.04制作本地离线APT源可参考以下链接，方法都是类似的
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44758063/article/details/139750386?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501
1、方法一
修改/etc/apt/sources.list文件

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
vi /etc/apt/sources.list

打开文件其实可以看到官方提示源配置已经移到了另一个配置文件，但是修改这里其实还是可以生效的

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse

2、方法二
修改/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources文件

Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpgTypes: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
Suites: noble-security
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg

URIs:后面链接修改为 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/

二、安装apt-mirror

上面两种方法选择其一之后，更新源，安装软件

apt update
apt upgrade -y
apt install apt-mirror

挂载磁盘
给虚拟机新建了一块800G磁盘，要下载的文件有600GB以上。

mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb
mkdir /apt-ubuntu24.04
mount /dev/vdb /apt-ubuntu24.04
echo "/dev/vdb /apt-ubuntu24.04 xfs	defaults,nofail	0 0" >> /etc/fstab
mount -a

三、同步软件包

编辑 apt-mirror 配置文件 /etc/apt/mirror.list，添加以下内容。

cp /etc/apt/mirror.list /etc/apt/mirror.list.bak
vi /etc/apt/mirror.list

set base_path /apt-ubuntu24.04 本地下载保存路径
set defaultarch amd64 系统处理器架构
set nthreads 20 20线程下载
同时这里有个注意事项，链接https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu后不要接/符号，否则apt-mirror时会有报错（如 can’t open index）并且下载不全。

############# config ##################
#
set base_path    /apt-ubuntu24.04
#
set mirror_path  $base_path/mirror
set skel_path    $base_path/skel
set var_path     $base_path/var
set cleanscript  $var_path/clean.sh
set defaultarch  amd64
set postmirror_script $var_path/postmirror.sh
set run_postmirror 0
set nthreads     20
set _tilde 0
#
############# end config ##############
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-security main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-backports main restricted universe multiverseclean https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu

开始同步，看提示有618.5G要下载，耐心等待同步完成。全量同步 600GB + 文件耗时较长（100Mbps 网速约需 14 小时，1Gbps 约需 1.5 小时）。

apt-mirror

有时会有下载中断的情况导致下载不全，需要多次执行apt-mirror，中断后再执行命令会从已完成部分继续，不会从头开始。直到出现0 bytes will be downloaded into archive.说明文件已全部下载完成。

apt-mirror
apt-mirror

四、代理本地软件包目录

下载完成后，软件包和依赖包将会存储在 /apt-ubuntu24.04/ 目录下。
需要代理的目录为当前同步源下/ubuntu目录，即/apt-ubuntu24.04/mirror/mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/

apt install -y apache2
cd /var/www/html/
ln -sf /apt-ubuntu24.04/mirror/mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ ubuntu24.04

五、客户端修改本地离线APT源

配置客户端来使用服务端10.17.16.199的apt源。使用以下命令编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件：

deb http://10.17.16.199/ubuntu24.04 noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://10.17.16.199/ubuntu24.04 noble main restricted universe multiversedeb http://10.17.16.199/ubuntu24.04 noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://10.17.16.199/ubuntu24.04 noble-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://10.17.16.199/ubuntu24.04 noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://10.17.16.199/ubuntu24.04 noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse# deb http://10.17.16.199/ubuntu24.04 noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://10.17.16.199/ubuntu24.04 noble-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb http://10.17.16.199/ubuntu24.04 noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://10.17.16.199/ubuntu24.04 noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse

apt update

配置完成，客户端就可以使用刚才创建的本地APT源来下载软件包。

六、定时同步公共源软件包

每周六凌晨3点执行apt-mirror，日志输出到 /var/log/apt-mirror/cron.log

mkdir -p /var/log/apt-mirror
chmod 755 /var/log/apt-mirror
crontab -e

0 3 * * 6 nohup /usr/bin/apt-mirror > /var/log/apt-mirror/cron.log 2>&1 &

内网服务器到外网的权限不宜过大，但现在的防火墙一般都支持URL过滤，服务端服务器申请到https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu网址，端口80、443的公网访问权限就可以了。