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mysql8.4.6 LTS 主从架构搭建

news 2025/10/30 7:32:38

将mysql 的压缩包上传到
192.168.88.128 主
192.168.88.102 从
192.168.88.103 从
三台机器上
分别在三台机器上执行下面的步骤
创建用户和组
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
安装依赖
yum install -y libaio numactl-libs
安装MySQL解压安装包
tar -xvf mysql-8.4.6-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local
ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 911882512 7月 12 00:19 mysql-8.4.6-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 81416460 7月 12 00:33 mysql-router-8.4.6-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 452460516 7月 12 00:51 mysql-test-8.4.6-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
tar -xf mysql-8.4.6-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
ll
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 10月 29 13:01 mysql-8.4.6-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64
mv mysql-8.4.6-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64 mysql
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/logs
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

设置环境变量
echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

以上步骤都是公用的
=======================================================
下面开始先在主（192.158.88.128）执行
vim /etc/my.cnf
加入如下内容
[mysqld]
# 基本设置
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306

# 主从复制设置
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-format=ROW
#expire_logs_days=7（旧版本支持，8.4的版本已经不支持了，需要binlog_expire_logs_seconds 来替换）

binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 604800
binlog_cache_size=1M
max_binlog_size=100M

# 需要复制的数据库
binlog-do-db=test_db

# 不需要复制的数据库
# binlog-ignore-db=mysql

# 其他配置
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
default-storage-engine=INNODB
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
max_connections=1000

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

按 ESC 并输入:wq 保存

初始化主库
cd /usr/local/mysql
./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

此时会生成一个临时密码，需要记录下来后面使用
2025-10-29T05:23:11.366683Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for
root@localhost: rFoAuf0AuL?g

启动主库使用安全模式
./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

启动完成之后
如果没有报错可以使用 ps -ef | grep mysql 来验证

使用root + 临时密码登录
mysql -uroot -p
password: rFoAuf0AuL?g 临时密码

-- 修改root密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '#Wa123456!';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

指定网段可以从客户端使用 root 用户密码 #Wa123456! 访问数据库
mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'192.168.88.%' IDENTIFIED BY '#Wa123456!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'192.168.88.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

此时可以使用navcat 或者 DBveaver 等工具，主节点配置完成

在主库上创建用于主从复制的用户
-- 创建复制用户
CREATE USER 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '#Wa123456!';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%';

-- 刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

-- 查看主库状态
SHOW MASTER STATUS;(旧版本) 新版本 SHOW BINARY LOG STATUS;
mysql> SHOW BINARY LOG STATUS;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 2551 | test_db | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2551 和 mysql-bin.000002 在后续从库中需要用到

============================================================
开始第一个从节点(192.168.88.102) 从库配置

vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 基本设置
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306

# 主从复制设置
server-id=2
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
read_only=1
super_read_only=1

# 其他配置
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
default-storage-engine=INNODB
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
max_connections=1000

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

初始化从库
cd /usr/local/mysql
./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

记录临时密码

2025-10-29T06:22:04.807296Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for
root@localhost: sqyP?+K))9u/
启动从库
./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

配置从库复制
mysql -uroot -p
password: sqyP?+K))9u/

-- 修改root密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '#Wa123456!';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

-- 配置主从复制
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.88.128',
MASTER_USER='repl',
MASTER_PASSWORD='#Wa123456!',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',
MASTER_LOG_POS=2551; (旧版本)

新版本完整步骤
-- 停止从库复制
STOP REPLICA; -- 或者 STOP SLAVE;

-- 设置复制源（新语法）
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
SOURCE_HOST='192.168.88.128',
SOURCE_USER='repl',
SOURCE_PASSWORD='#Wa123456!',
SOURCE_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',
SOURCE_LOG_POS=2551;
START REPLICA;
检查状态发现报错
mysql 从库 Last_IO_Error: Error connecting to source 'repl@192.168.88.128:3306'. This was attempt 1/10, with a delay of 60 seconds between attempts. Message: Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' reported error: Authentication requires secure connection.
Replica_IO_Running: Connecting 一直处于这个状态
这是还差一个参数
SOURCE_SSL=1;
将这个配置放进去重新启动复制集
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
SOURCE_HOST='192.168.88.128',
SOURCE_USER='repl',
SOURCE_PASSWORD='#Wa123456!',
SOURCE_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',
SOURCE_LOG_POS=2551,
SOURCE_SSL=1;
-- 启动从库复制
START REPLICA; -- 或者 START SLAVE;

-- 检查复制状态
SHOW REPLICA STATUS\G -- 或者 SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G

-- 启动从库复制
START SLAVE;

-- 查看从库状态
SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G

当看到下面两个状态都为yes时说明主从复制搭建成功了
Relay_Source_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Replica_IO_Running: Yes
Replica_SQL_Running: Yes

验证一把:
在主库上创建一个数据库，创建表，创建数据检查从库是否成功同步数据

===================================================
另一个从库也是和当前这个一样这里省略

===================================================

mysql8.4.6 设置mysqld.service 用于mysql 开机自动启动

sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --daemonize
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
TimeoutSec=300

:wq

[root@hadoop ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service
systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl stop mysqld
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

错误处理
10月 29 16:19:14 hadoop mysqld[5156]: 2025-10-29T08:19:14.904603Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010270] [Server] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Address alread
10月 29 16:19:14 hadoop mysqld[5156]: 2025-10-29T08:19:14.904685Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010258] [Server] Do you already have another mysqld server running on soc
10月 29 16:19:14 hadoop mysqld[5156]: 2025-10-29T08:19:14.904866Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
10月 29 16:19:14 hadoop mysqld[5156]: 2025-10-29T08:19:14.905320Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010946] [Server] Failed to start mysqld daemon. Check mysqld error log.
10月 29 16:19:14 hadoop systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1

[root@hadoop ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep socket
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
删除socket 文件再次重启
# 删除 socket 文件（先确保 MySQL 已停止）

sudo systemctl stop mysqld
sudo rm -f tmp/mysql*
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

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