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Linux1017 shell:awk print printf

news 2025/10/18 5:58:34

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[caozx26@client ~]$ cat 2.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash hello world
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin        test1 test2
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {OFS "\t\t";print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell\nxxxxxx"} {printf "%-20s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF}' END{print "xxxxxxxx"} 2.txt
u_name          h_dir           shell
xxxxxx
awk: cmd. line:1: fatal: cannot open file `END{print' for reading (没有那个文件或目录)
[caozx26@client ~]$

在这里插入图片描述

[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}' /etc/passwd
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                           ^ syntax error
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                                                ^ syntax error
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                                                                 ^ backslash not last character on line
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                                                                 ^ syntax error

在这里插入图片描述

[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf "%-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}' /etc/passwd
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf "%-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                           ^ syntax error
[caozx26@client ~]$
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell"; RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf "%-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}' /etc/passwd
u_name          h_dir           shell
root            /home/u88            /bin/bashxxxxxxxx

在这里插入图片描述

[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|awk 'NR>1 {print $2}' |awk -F"" 'NR<2 {print $2}'
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] -f progfile [--] file ...
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] [--] 'program' file ...
POSIX options:          GNU long options: (standard)-f progfile             --file=progfile-F fs                   --field-separator=fs-v var=val              --assign=var=val
Short options:          GNU long options: (extensions)-b                      --characters-as-bytes-c                      --traditional-C                      --copyright-d[file]                --dump-variables[=file]-e 'program-text'       --source='program-text'-E file                 --exec=file-g                      --gen-pot-h                      --help-L [fatal]              --lint[=fatal]-n                      --non-decimal-data-N                      --use-lc-numeric-O                      --optimize-p[file]                --profile[=file]-P                      --posix-r                      --re-interval-S                      --sandbox-t                      --lint-old-V                      --versionTo report bugs, see node `Bugs' in `gawk.info', which is
section `Reporting Problems and Bugs' in the printed version.gawk is a pattern scanning and processing language.
By default it reads standard input and writes standard output.Examples:gawk '{ sum += $1 }; END { print sum }' filegawk -F: '{ print $1 }' /etc/passwd
[caozx26@client ~]$
[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|grep broadcast |awk -F'' '{print $2}'|awk '{print $1}'
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] -f progfile [--] file ...
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] [--] 'program' file ...
POSIX options:          GNU long options: (standard)-f progfile             --file=progfile-F fs                   --field-separator=fs-v var=val              --assign=var=val
Short options:          GNU long options: (extensions)-b                      --characters-as-bytes-c                      --traditional-C                      --copyright-d[file]                --dump-variables[=file]-e 'program-text'       --source='program-text'-E file                 --exec=file-g                      --gen-pot-h                      --help-L [fatal]              --lint[=fatal]-n                      --non-decimal-data-N                      --use-lc-numeric-O                      --optimize-p[file]                --profile[=file]-P                      --posix-r                      --re-interval-S                      --sandbox-t                      --lint-old-V                      --versionTo report bugs, see node `Bugs' in `gawk.info', which is
section `Reporting Problems and Bugs' in the printed version.gawk is a pattern scanning and processing language.
By default it reads standard input and writes standard output.Examples:gawk '{ sum += $1 }; END { print sum }' filegawk -F: '{ print $1 }' /etc/passwd
[caozx26@client ~]$

在这里插入图片描述

awk

print printf

格式化输出
print ->echo
printf ->echo -n
在这里插入图片描述

[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {OFS="\t\t";print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell\nxxxxxx"} {printf "%-20s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxxx"}' 2.txt
u_name          h_dir           shell
xxxxxx
root                 /root                /bin/bash     hello world
bin                  /bin                 /sbin/nologin test1 test2
daemon               /sbin                /sbin/nologin
adm                  /var/adm             /sbin/nologin
lp                   /var/spool/lpd       /sbin/nologin
xxxxxxxxx
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell"; RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf "%-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}' /etc/passwd
u_name          h_dir           shell
root            /home/u88            /bin/bashxxxxxxxx

ip截取

[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|grep broadcastinet 192.168.235.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.235.255
[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33 |grep broadcast|awk '{print $2}'
192.168.235.200
[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|awk 'NR==2 {print $2}'
192.168.235.200

记录

caozx26@192.168.235.200's password:┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│                        • MobaXterm 20.0 •                          ││            (SSH client, X-server and networking tools)             ││                                                                    ││ ➤ SSH session to caozx26@192.168.235.200                           ││   • SSH compression : ✘                                            ││   • SSH-browser     : ✔                                            ││   • X11-forwarding  : ✔  (remote display is forwarded through SSH) ││   • DISPLAY         : ✔  (automatically set on remote server)      ││                                                                    ││ ➤ For more info, ctrl+click on help or visit our website           │└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘Last login: Fri Oct 17 02:54:00 2025 from 192.168.235.1
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {OFS "\t\t";print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell\nxxxxxx"} {printf "%-20s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}'
u_name          h_dir           shell
xxxxxx
^C
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {OFS "\t\t";print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell\nxxxxxx"} {printf "%-20s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF}' END{print "xxxxxxxx"} 2.txt
u_name          h_dir           shell
xxxxxx
awk: cmd. line:1: fatal: cannot open file `END{print' for reading (没有那个文件或目录)
[caozx26@client ~]$ ls 2.txt
2.txt
[caozx26@client ~]$ cat 2.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash hello world
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin        test1 test2
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {OFS "\t\t";print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell\nxxxxxx"} {printf "%-20s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF}' END{print "xxxxxxxx"} 2.txt
u_name          h_dir           shell
xxxxxx
awk: cmd. line:1: fatal: cannot open file `END{print' for reading (没有那个文件或目录)
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {OFS="\t\t";print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell\nxxxxxx"} {printf "%-20s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxxx"} 2.txt
> ^C
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {OFS="\t\t";print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell\nxxxxxx"} {printf "%-20s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxxx"}' 2.txt
u_name          h_dir           shell
xxxxxx
root                 /root                /bin/bash     hello world
bin                  /bin                 /sbin/nologin test1 test2
daemon               /sbin                /sbin/nologin
adm                  /var/adm             /sbin/nologin
lp                   /var/spool/lpd       /sbin/nologin
xxxxxxxxx
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS "xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}' /etc/passwd
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS "xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                                                ^ syntax error
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS "xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                                                                 ^ backslash not last character on line
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS "xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                                                                 ^ syntax error
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}' /etc/passwd
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                           ^ syntax error
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                                                ^ syntax error
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                                                                 ^ backslash not last character on line
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf %-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                                                                 ^ syntax error
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf "%-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}' /etc/passwd
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf "%-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                           ^ syntax error
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf "%-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}' /etc/passwd
awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell" RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf "%-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}
awk: cmd. line:1:                                           ^ syntax error
[caozx26@client ~]$ awk -F: 'BEGIN {print "u_name\t\th_dir\t\tshell"; RS="xxxxxxxx"} {printf "%-15s %-20s %-20s\n",$1,$(NF-1),$NF} END{print "xxxxxxxx"}' /etc/passwd
u_name          h_dir           shell
root            /home/u88            /bin/bashxxxxxxxx
[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|awk 'NR>1 {print $2}' |awk -F':' 'NR<2 {print $2}'[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|awk 'NR>1 {print $2}' |awk -F';' 'NR<2 {print $2}'[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 192.168.235.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.235.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:84d0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:d2:84:d0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)RX packets 9735  bytes 798775 (780.0 KiB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 22139  bytes 8474072 (8.0 MiB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|awk 'NR>1 {print $2}' |awk -F'' 'NR<2 {print $2}'
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] -f progfile [--] file ...
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] [--] 'program' file ...
POSIX options:          GNU long options: (standard)-f progfile             --file=progfile-F fs                   --field-separator=fs-v var=val              --assign=var=val
Short options:          GNU long options: (extensions)-b                      --characters-as-bytes-c                      --traditional-C                      --copyright-d[file]                --dump-variables[=file]-e 'program-text'       --source='program-text'-E file                 --exec=file-g                      --gen-pot-h                      --help-L [fatal]              --lint[=fatal]-n                      --non-decimal-data-N                      --use-lc-numeric-O                      --optimize-p[file]                --profile[=file]-P                      --posix-r                      --re-interval-S                      --sandbox-t                      --lint-old-V                      --versionTo report bugs, see node `Bugs' in `gawk.info', which is
section `Reporting Problems and Bugs' in the printed version.gawk is a pattern scanning and processing language.
By default it reads standard input and writes standard output.Examples:gawk '{ sum += $1 }; END { print sum }' filegawk -F: '{ print $1 }' /etc/passwd
[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|awk 'NR>1 {print $2}' |awk -F"" 'NR<2 {print $2}'
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] -f progfile [--] file ...
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] [--] 'program' file ...
POSIX options:          GNU long options: (standard)-f progfile             --file=progfile-F fs                   --field-separator=fs-v var=val              --assign=var=val
Short options:          GNU long options: (extensions)-b                      --characters-as-bytes-c                      --traditional-C                      --copyright-d[file]                --dump-variables[=file]-e 'program-text'       --source='program-text'-E file                 --exec=file-g                      --gen-pot-h                      --help-L [fatal]              --lint[=fatal]-n                      --non-decimal-data-N                      --use-lc-numeric-O                      --optimize-p[file]                --profile[=file]-P                      --posix-r                      --re-interval-S                      --sandbox-t                      --lint-old-V                      --versionTo report bugs, see node `Bugs' in `gawk.info', which is
section `Reporting Problems and Bugs' in the printed version.gawk is a pattern scanning and processing language.
By default it reads standard input and writes standard output.Examples:gawk '{ sum += $1 }; END { print sum }' filegawk -F: '{ print $1 }' /etc/passwd
[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|awk 'NR==2 {print $2}'
192.168.235.200
[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|grep Bcast |awk -F':' '{print $2}'|awk '{print $1}'
[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 192.168.235.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.235.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:84d0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:d2:84:d0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)RX packets 10822  bytes 896412 (875.4 KiB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 25135  bytes 9606174 (9.1 MiB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|grep broadcast |awk -F'' '{print $2}'|awk '{print $1}'
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] -f progfile [--] file ...
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] [--] 'program' file ...
POSIX options:          GNU long options: (standard)-f progfile             --file=progfile-F fs                   --field-separator=fs-v var=val              --assign=var=val
Short options:          GNU long options: (extensions)-b                      --characters-as-bytes-c                      --traditional-C                      --copyright-d[file]                --dump-variables[=file]-e 'program-text'       --source='program-text'-E file                 --exec=file-g                      --gen-pot-h                      --help-L [fatal]              --lint[=fatal]-n                      --non-decimal-data-N                      --use-lc-numeric-O                      --optimize-p[file]                --profile[=file]-P                      --posix-r                      --re-interval-S                      --sandbox-t                      --lint-old-V                      --versionTo report bugs, see node `Bugs' in `gawk.info', which is
section `Reporting Problems and Bugs' in the printed version.gawk is a pattern scanning and processing language.
By default it reads standard input and writes standard output.Examples:gawk '{ sum += $1 }; END { print sum }' filegawk -F: '{ print $1 }' /etc/passwd
[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|grep broadcast |awk -F '{print $2}'
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] -f progfile [--] file ...
Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] [--] 'program' file ...
POSIX options:          GNU long options: (standard)-f progfile             --file=progfile-F fs                   --field-separator=fs-v var=val              --assign=var=val
Short options:          GNU long options: (extensions)-b                      --characters-as-bytes-c                      --traditional-C                      --copyright-d[file]                --dump-variables[=file]-e 'program-text'       --source='program-text'-E file                 --exec=file-g                      --gen-pot-h                      --help-L [fatal]              --lint[=fatal]-n                      --non-decimal-data-N                      --use-lc-numeric-O                      --optimize-p[file]                --profile[=file]-P                      --posix-r                      --re-interval-S                      --sandbox-t                      --lint-old-V                      --versionTo report bugs, see node `Bugs' in `gawk.info', which is
section `Reporting Problems and Bugs' in the printed version.gawk is a pattern scanning and processing language.
By default it reads standard input and writes standard output.Examples:gawk '{ sum += $1 }; END { print sum }' filegawk -F: '{ print $1 }' /etc/passwd
[caozx26@client ~]$ cat 2.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash hello world
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin        test1 test2
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
[caozx26@client ~]$ cat ifconfig ens33
cat: ifconfig: 没有那个文件或目录
cat: ens33: 没有那个文件或目录
[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 192.168.235.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.235.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:84d0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:d2:84:d0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)RX packets 12351  bytes 1032138 (1007.9 KiB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 30154  bytes 11537282 (11.0 MiB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33|grep broadcastinet 192.168.235.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.235.255
[caozx26@client ~]$ ifconfig ens33 |grep broadcast|awk '{print $2}'
192.168.235.200
[caozx26@client ~]$
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