Day 24 - 文件、目录与路径 - Python学习笔记

Udemy - 100 Days of Code: The Complete Python Pro Bootcamp

Day 24 - Intermediate - Files, Directories and Paths

182. Add a High Score to the Snake Game

Snake Game 完整笔记

class Scoreboard(Turtle):  def __init__(self):  super().__init__()  self.score = 0  self.high_score = 0  self.color("white")  self.hideturtle()  self.penup()  self.goto(0, 260)  self.update_scoreboard()  def update_scoreboard(self):  self.clear()  self.write(f"Score: {self.score} High Score: {self.high_score}", align=ALIGNMENT, font=FONT)  def increase_score(self):  self.score += 1  self.update_scoreboard()  def reset(self):  if self.score > self.high_score:  self.high_score = self.score  self.score = 0  self.update_scoreboard()class Snake:...def reset(self):  for seg in self.segments:  seg.goto(1000, 1000)  self.segments.clear()  self.create_snake()  self.head = self.segments[0]# Detect collision with wall  
if (snake.head.xcor() > 280 or snake.head.xcor() < -280 or  snake.head.ycor() > 280 or snake.head.ycor() < -280):  scoreboard.reset()  snake.reset()  # Detect collision with tail  
for segment in snake.segments[1:]:  if snake.head.distance(segment) < 10:  scoreboard.reset()  snake.reset()

183. Open, Read and Write Files

读写文件

Open

• open(file, mode='rt', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None)

参数说明
file：文件路径或文件描述符
mode：打开模式

• "r" 读取模式（默认），"w" 覆盖模式，"a" 追加模式，"x" 独占创建
• "t" 文本模式（默认），"b" 二进制模式
• "+" 可读可写
  
  

buffering：缓冲策略

• 0 无缓冲（仅二进制模式）
• 1 行缓冲（仅文本模式）
• >1 指定缓冲区大小（字节）
• -1 系统默认缓冲策略
  
  

encoding：编码格式（仅文本模式）（如 utf-8，gbk，ascii）
errors: 编码报错方式（仅文本模式）（如 “strict” 直接报错， “ignore” 忽略错误字符， “replace” 替换成 �）
newline：换行符设置（仅文本模式）（None，“”，“\n”，“\r”，“\r\n”）

closefd：关闭文件时是否同时关闭底层文件描述符
opener：自定义打开器函数

Read

• 读取文件：read(size=-1)
• 按行读取：readline(size=-1)
• 读取行列表：readlines(hint=-1)

Write

• 写入文件：write(string)
• 写入行列表：writelines(lines)

# Read Files
file = open("file.txt")    
print(file.read())    
file.close()  with open("file.txt") as file:  print(file.read())  with open("file.txt") as file:  print(file.readline())with open("file.txt") as file:  print(file.readlines())  with open("file.txt") as file:    for line in file:    print(line)# Write Files
with open("file.txt", "a") as file:  file.write("append")with open("file.txt", "w") as file:file.write("line 1\nline 2\nline 3\n")with open("file.txt", "w") as file:file.writelines(["line 1\n", "line 2\n", "line 3\n"])# Create Files
file = open("file.txt", "x") 
file = open("file.txt", "a") 
file = open("file.txt", "w") 

184. Read and Write the High Score to a File

Replit

class Scoreboard(Turtle):  def __init__(self):  super().__init__()  self.score = 0  try:with open("data.txt") as file:self.high_score = int(file.read())except FileNotFoundError:self.high_score = 0 self.color("white")  self.hideturtle()  self.penup()  self.goto(0, 260)  self.update_scoreboard()def update_scoreboard(self):  self.clear()  self.write(f"Score: {self.score} High Score: {self.high_score}", align=ALIGNMENT, font=FONT)  def increase_score(self):  self.score += 1  self.update_scoreboard()def reset(self):  if self.score > self.high_score:  self.high_score = self.score  with open("data.txt", "w") as file:  file.write(f"{self.high_score}")  self.score = 0  self.update_scoreboard()

185. Relative and Absolute File Paths

Root
└── Work├── app.log└── Project├── main.py├── file.txt└── assets└── img.png

Absolute File Path 绝对文件路径
Root Directory 根目录：/Work/Project/file.txt

Relative File Path 相对文件路径
Parent Directory 上级目录：../app.log
Same Directory 同级目录：./file.txt
Subdirectory 下级目录：assets/img.png

186. Mail Merge Project

Replit

"""
Dear [name],  You are invited to my birthday this Saturday.  Hope you can make it!  Angela
"""PLACEHOLDER = "[name]"  with open("./Input/Names/invited_names.txt") as names_file:  names = names_file.readlines()  with open("./Input/Letters/starting_letter.txt") as letter_file:  letter_contents = letter_file.read()  for name in names:  stripped_name = name.strip()  new_letter = letter_contents.replace(PLACEHOLDER, stripped_name)  with open(f"./Output/ReadyToSend/letter_for_{stripped_name}.txt", "w") as completed_letter:completed_letter.write(new_letter)