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开源 C++ QT QML 开发（二）工程结构

news 2025/10/5 6:05:11

文章的目的为了记录使用QT QML开发学习的经历。开发流程和要点有些记忆模糊，赶紧记录，防止忘记。

.pro 文件 (Qt Project File)

这是 Qt 的工程文件，用于 qmake 构建系统。它告诉 Qt 如何编译和链接你的项目。当你打开一个 QML 项目时，通常首先在 Qt Creator 中打开这个 .pro 文件。

QT += quickCONFIG += c++11# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any Qt feature that has been marked deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Refer to the documentation for the
# deprecated API to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS# You can also make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0SOURCES += \main.cppRESOURCES += qml.qrc# Additional import path used to resolve QML modules in Qt Creator's code model
QML_IMPORT_PATH =# Additional import path used to resolve QML modules just for Qt Quick Designer
QML_DESIGNER_IMPORT_PATH =# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target

.qrc 文件 (Qt Resource Collection File)

这是一个 XML 格式的资源文件，用于将你的 QML 文件、图片、字体等资源编译进最终的可执行文件中。这样做的好处是发布应用时不需要携带一堆零散的文件，所有资源都内置于一个二进制文件中。

<RCC><qresource prefix="/"><file>main.qml</file></qresource>
</RCC>

main.cpp (C++ 入口点)

这是整个应用程序的 C++ 入口函数。即使是纯 QML 应用，也需要一个简短的 C++ 文件来启动 QML 引擎并加载主 QML 文件。

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling);QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);QQmlApplicationEngine engine;const QUrl url(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml"));QObject::connect(&engine, &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreated,&app, [url](QObject *obj, const QUrl &objUrl) {if (!obj && url == objUrl)QCoreApplication::exit(-1);}, Qt::QueuedConnection);engine.load(url);return app.exec();
}

主 QML 文件 (通常是 main.qml)

这是应用程序启动时加载的根组件。它通常是整个应用窗口的顶层容器。

import QtQuick 2.14
import QtQuick.Window 2.14
import QtQuick.Controls 2.14
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.14ApplicationWindow {id: windowwidth: 800height: 600visible: truetitle: qsTr("My QML Application - Qt 5.14.2")// 添加一个简单的测试组件Rectangle {anchors.centerIn: parentwidth: 200height: 100color: "lightblue"border.color: "blue"radius: 10Text {anchors.centerIn: parenttext: qsTr("Hello Qt 5.14.2!")font.pixelSize: 16color: "darkblue"}MouseArea {anchors.fill: parentonClicked: {console.log("Rectangle clicked!");parent.color = parent.color === "lightblue" ? "lightgreen" : "lightblue";}}}// 状态栏footer: Label {text: qsTr("Application is running successfully!")padding: 10}
}

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