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Python + Flask + API Gateway + Lambda + EKS 实战

news 2025/9/21 5:31:53

Python 应用开发、数据库操作、Docker 容器、ECR 镜像仓库、EKS 部署、API Gateway + Lambda 架构。

一、Python + Flask 实战：CRUD & 数据库操作

支持数据的存储、查询、更新、删除（CRUD）。

示例代码：Flask + DynamoDB + RDS (Aurora)

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
import boto3
import pymysqlapp = Flask(__name__)# DynamoDB
dynamodb = boto3.resource('dynamodb')
dynamo_table = dynamodb.Table('test')# RDS 连接
def get_rds_connection():return pymysql.connect(host="xxx.cjqiw5vukltd.us-west-2.rds.amazonaws.com",user="admin",password="password",db="demo",cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)@app.route("/")
def home():return "Hello World!"# 1. 插入数据到 DynamoDB
@app.route("/order", methods=['POST'])
def create_order():data = request.jsonorder = data['order']   # 分区键value = data['value']dynamo_table.put_item(Item={"order": order, "value": value})return jsonify({"msg": "插入 DynamoDB 成功"})# 2. 插入数据到 RDS
@app.route("/user", methods=['POST'])
def create_user():data = request.jsonwith get_rds_connection() as conn:with conn.cursor() as cursor:sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (%s, %s)"cursor.execute(sql, (data['name'], data['age']))conn.commit()return jsonify({"msg": "插入 RDS 成功"})# 3. 查询数据
@app.route("/order/<string:order_id>", methods=['GET'])
def get_order(order_id):response = dynamo_table.get_item(Key={"order": order_id})return jsonify(response.get("Item", {}))# 4. 更新数据
@app.route("/order/<string:order_id>", methods=['PUT'])
def update_order(order_id):data = request.jsondynamo_table.update_item(Key={"order": order_id},UpdateExpression="set value=:v",ExpressionAttributeValues={":v": data['value']})return jsonify({"msg": "更新成功"})# 5. 删除数据
@app.route("/order/<string:order_id>", methods=['DELETE'])
def delete_order(order_id):dynamo_table.delete_item(Key={"order": order_id})return jsonify({"msg": "删除成功"})if __name__ == '__main__':app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=80, debug=True)

小结：

DynamoDB → 存储 NoSQL 数据（order 作为分区键）。
RDS → 存储结构化数据（users 表）。

二、Docker 构建 & 推送到 ECR

常见考点：将 Flask 应用容器化，推送到 AWS ECR。

Dockerfile 示例

FROM python:3.9-slimWORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txtCOPY . .
CMD ["python", "app.py"]

快速命令

# 登录 ECR
aws ecr get-login-password --region us-east-1 | \
docker login --username AWS --password-stdin <account_id>.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com# 构建 & 推送
docker build -t flask-demo .
docker tag flask-demo:latest <account_id>.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/flask-demo:latest
docker push <account_id>.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/flask-demo:latest

三、EKS 部署微服务

将 ECR 的镜像部署到 EKS 集群。

Deployment YAML

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: flask-demo
spec:replicas: 2selector:matchLabels:app: flask-demotemplate:metadata:labels:app: flask-demospec:containers:- name: flask-demoimage: <account_id>.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/flask-demo:latestports:- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: flask-service
spec:type: LoadBalancerselector:app: flask-demoports:- port: 80targetPort: 80

快速命令

# 创建集群
eksctl create cluster --name demo-cluster --region us-east-1 --nodes 2# 更新 kubeconfig
aws eks update-kubeconfig --region us-east-1 --name demo-cluster# 部署
kubectl apply -f deployment.yml# 查看访问地址
kubectl get svc

四、API Gateway + Lambda 实现无服务器架构

写 Lambda 函数 → 绑定 API Gateway → 提供外部访问。

Lambda 示例 (lambda_function.py)

def lambda_handler(event, context):name = event.get("queryStringParameters", {}).get("name", "World")return {"statusCode": 200,"body": f"Hello, {name} from Lambda!"}

快速命令

# 打包 & 上传
zip function.zip lambda_function.py
aws lambda create-function \--function-name hello-lambda \--runtime python3.9 \--role arn:aws:iam::<account_id>:role/lambda-role \--handler lambda_function.lambda_handler \--zip-file fileb://function.zip# API Gateway 创建 & 绑定 Lambda
aws apigateway create-rest-api --name HelloAPI
# ... 省略 (提供 Console 操作更快)

五、速查表

模块	服务	快速命令
EC2	`aws ec2 run-instances`	快速启动
S3	`aws s3 mb / cp / ls`	上传下载
DynamoDB	`aws dynamodb put-item / get-item`	NoSQL 操作
RDS	`mysql -h host -u user -p`	连接 SQL
Docker/ECR	`docker build / push`	镜像推送
EKS	`eksctl create cluster` + `kubectl`	部署微服务
Lambda	`aws lambda create-function`	无服务器
API GW	Console 快速绑定 Lambda	提供 HTTP API