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编译缓存工具 sccache 效果对比

news 2025/9/9 9:44:32

概要

本文介绍了编译缓存工具 sccache 的安装和配置过程。

sccache 的效果大致如下：

项目	语言	无缓存	使用缓存
Redis	C	48.263s	30.012s
ripgrep	Rust	17.99s	5.95s

背景

与脚本型语言不同，编译型语言需要经过编译之后，才能运行起来。而对于一些超大型项目来说，编译一次代码可能会消耗很长的时间。除了组件化拆分等方法，比较立竿见影的是使用编译缓存工具来缓存部分的编译中间结果，这样在下一次编译时就可以大大加快流程速度。

久经考验的编译缓存工具有 ccache 等。在这篇文档中，我们主要认识一下 sccache —— 一款由 mozilla 开发的 ccache-like 工具，除了 C/C++之外，还为 Rust 等其他技术提供了编译缓存支持。

安装

参照官方文档，安装过程非常简单：

cargo install sccache --locked

服务器启停

sccache 使用 client-server 模式进行工作。其服务器默认监听 127.0.0.1:4226。

要启动服务器，可以使用命令：sccache --start-server。相应的，使用 sccache --stop-server 可以停止服务器。

注意，如果在 WSL 下遇到无法启动服务器的问题，可以参照 sccache 无法启动问题进行解决。

缓存效果

C/C++

我们以 Redis 项目为例，检查 sccache 的提升效果。

无缓存编译

首先，安装编译 redis 需要的依赖并准备编译环境：

sudo apt install build-essential tcl libjemalloc-dev libssl-dev lua5.3 liblua5.3-dev
git clone https://github.com/redis/redis.git --depth=1 # commit dee0d11a74dbb8efcec8148bd2ff43d203b48931
cd redis/
make clean && make distclean

然后，编译 redis 查看

$ time make -j16 &> /dev/nullreal    0m48.263s
user    5m23.822s
sys     0m34.994s

可以看到，在无缓存的场景下，编译 redis 所用的时间是：48.263s

缓存编译

接下来，我们使用验证缓存效果。由于缓存需要先编译一次后才能生成，所以接下来我们将一共编译两次。

首先查看 sccache 统计，可以看到是没有缓存的：

$ sccache -s
Compile requests                      0
Compile requests executed             0
Cache hits                            0
Cache misses                          0
Cache hits rate                       -
Cache timeouts                        0
Cache read errors                     0
Forced recaches                       0
Cache write errors                    0
Cache errors                          0
Compilations                          0
Compilation failures                  0
Non-cacheable compilations            0
Non-cacheable calls                   0
Non-compilation calls                 0
Unsupported compiler calls            0
Average cache write               0.000 s
Average compiler                  0.000 s
Average cache read hit            0.000 s
Failed distributed compilations       0
Cache location                  Local disk: "/home/focksor/.cache/sccache"
Use direct/preprocessor mode?   yes
Version (client)                0.10.0
Max cache size                       10 GiB

然后，设置使用 sccache 并进行一次编译：

$ export CC="sccache gcc"
$ export CXX="sccache g++"
$ (make clean && make distclean) &> /dev/null
$ time make -j16 &> /dev/nullreal    0m58.897s
user    2m53.564s
sys     0m20.504s

现在可以看到 sccache 已经生成了一些缓存：

$ sccache -s
Compile requests                    584
Compile requests executed           355
Cache hits                            7
Cache hits (C/C++)                    7
Cache misses                        334
Cache misses (C/C++)                334
Cache hits rate                    2.05 %
Cache hits rate (C/C++)            2.05 %
Cache timeouts                        0
Cache read errors                     0
Forced recaches                       0
Cache write errors                    0
Cache errors                          9
Cache errors (C/C++)                  9
Compilations                        334
Compilation failures                  5
Non-cacheable compilations            0
Non-cacheable calls                 133
Non-compilation calls                96
Unsupported compiler calls            0
Average cache write               0.002 s
Average compiler                  0.593 s
Average cache read hit            0.000 s
Failed distributed compilations       0Non-cacheable reasons:
-MM                                 126
-E                                    6
argument parse                        1Cache location                  Local disk: "/home/focksor/.cache/sccache"
Use direct/preprocessor mode?   yes
Version (client)                0.10.0
Cache size                          346 MiB
Max cache size                       10 GiB

缓存已经生成，我们再进行一次编译以验证编译缓存效果：

$ (make clean && make distclean) &> /dev/null
$ time make -j16 &> /dev/nullreal    0m30.012s
user    2m51.748s
sys     0m21.422s

可以看到，生成缓存后，再次编译时速度有了非常大的提升！查看 sccache 的统计信息，可以看到编译过程响应的缓存命中数据也有上升：

$ sccache -s
Compile requests                   1159
Compile requests executed           707
Cache hits                          345
Cache hits (C/C++)                  345
Cache misses                        334
Cache misses (C/C++)                334
Cache hits rate                   50.81 %
Cache hits rate (C/C++)           50.81 %
Cache timeouts                        0
Cache read errors                     0
Forced recaches                       0
Cache write errors                    0
Cache errors                         18
Cache errors (C/C++)                 18
Compilations                        334
Compilation failures                 10
Non-cacheable compilations            0
Non-cacheable calls                 265
Non-compilation calls               187
Unsupported compiler calls            0
Average cache write               0.002 s
Average compiler                  0.593 s
Average cache read hit            0.002 s
Failed distributed compilations       0Non-cacheable reasons:
-MM                                 251
-E                                   12
argument parse                        2Cache location                  Local disk: "/home/focksor/.cache/sccache"
Use direct/preprocessor mode?   yes
Version (client)                0.10.0
Cache size                          346 MiB
Max cache size                       10 GiB

Rust

在 Rust 项目上，我们使用 ripgrep 验证缓存效果。

首先准备项目：

git clone https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep.git --depth=1 # commit id: 119a58a400ea948c2d2b0cd4ec58361e74478641
cd ripgrep/
cargo clean

无缓存编译

$ cargo build --release 2>&1 | tail -1Finished `release` profile [optimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 17.99s

缓存编译

首先设置使用 sccache 进行缓存编译，并构建一次编译以创建缓存：

export RUSTC_WRAPPER=/home/focksor/.cargo/bin/sccache
$ cargo cleanRemoved 313 files, 201.7MiB total
$ cargo build --release 2>&1 | tail -1Finished `release` profile [optimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 23.68s
$ sccache -s
Compile requests                     47
Compile requests executed            33
Cache hits                            0
Cache misses                         32
Cache misses (Rust)                  32
Cache hits rate                    0.00 %
Cache hits rate (Rust)             0.00 %
Cache timeouts                        0
Cache read errors                     0
Forced recaches                       0
Cache write errors                    0
Cache errors                          0
Compilations                         32
Compilation failures                  1
Non-cacheable compilations            0
Non-cacheable calls                  13
Non-compilation calls                 1
Unsupported compiler calls            0
Average cache write               0.002 s
Average compiler                  1.341 s
Average cache read hit            0.000 s
Failed distributed compilations       0Non-cacheable reasons:
crate-type                            7
missing input                         4
-                                     2Cache location                  Local disk: "/home/focksor/.cache/sccache"
Use direct/preprocessor mode?   yes
Version (client)                0.10.0
Cache size                           31 MiB
Max cache size                       10 GiB

然后，使用缓存重新构建一次编译以查看加速效果：

$ cargo cleanRemoved 313 files, 201.7MiB total
$ cargo build --release 2>&1 | tail -1Finished `release` profile [optimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 5.95s
$ sccache -s
Compile requests                     91
Compile requests executed            66
Cache hits                           32
Cache hits (Rust)                    32
Cache misses                         32
Cache misses (Rust)                  32
Cache hits rate                   50.00 %
Cache hits rate (Rust)            50.00 %
Cache timeouts                        0
Cache read errors                     0
Forced recaches                       0
Cache write errors                    0
Cache errors                          0
Compilations                         32
Compilation failures                  2
Non-cacheable compilations            0
Non-cacheable calls                  23
Non-compilation calls                 2
Unsupported compiler calls            0
Average cache write               0.002 s
Average compiler                  1.341 s
Average cache read hit            0.000 s
Failed distributed compilations       0Non-cacheable reasons:
crate-type                           14
missing input                         6
-                                     3Cache location                  Local disk: "/home/focksor/.cache/sccache"
Use direct/preprocessor mode?   yes
Version (client)                0.10.0
Cache size                           31 MiB
Max cache size                       10 GiB

资料

Ccache — Compiler cache
mozilla/sccache: Sccache is a ccache-like tool. It is used as a compiler wrapper and avoids compilation when possible. Sccache has the capability to utilize caching in remote storage environments, including various cloud storage options, or alternatively, in local storage.
redis/redis: For developers, who are building real-time data-driven applications, Redis is the preferred, fastest, and most feature-rich cache, data structure server, and document and vector query engine.
BurntSushi/ripgrep: ripgrep recursively searches directories for a regex pattern while respecting your gitignore