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【Kubernetes】在 K8s 上部署 Prometheus

news 2025/8/19 14:15:03

如何在 Kubernetes 上高效部署 Prometheus 监控系统？下面将详细介绍如何部署，一起看看吧！

Kubernetes：v1.29.0
Prometheus：v3.5.0

1、创建命名空间

# 为监控组件创建一个专用命名空间：monitoring
# monitoring-namespace.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:name: monitoring# 应用
kubectl apply -f monitoring-namespace.yaml

2、部署 Prometheus

2.1、创建 ConfigMap

# prometheus-config.yaml
# 此处仅添加 prometheus 自己指标
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:name: prometheus-confignamespace: monitoring
data:prometheus.yml: |global:scrape_interval:     15s evaluation_interval: 15sscrape_configs:- job_name: 'prometheus'static_configs:- targets: ['localhost:9090']# 应用
kubectl apply -f prometheus-config.yaml

2.2、创建 ClusterRole 并绑定 ServiceAccount

# prometheus-role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]resources:- nodes- nodes/proxy- services- endpoints- podsverbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:- extensionsresources:- ingressesverbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: prometheusnamespace: monitoring
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: prometheus
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: prometheusnamespace: monitoring# 应用
kubectl apply -f prometheus-role.yaml

2.3、创建 Deployment

# 数据持久化时（data-volume）使用 PersistentVolume 而不是 emptyDir
# 生产环境中还需配置资源 limits 和 requests
# prometheus-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: prometheusnamespace: monitoring
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: prometheustemplate:metadata:labels:app: prometheusspec:serviceAccountName: prometheusserviceAccount: prometheuscontainers:- name: prometheusimage: prom/prometheus:v3.5.0args:- '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'- '--web.enable-lifecycle'- '--no-storage.tsdb.wal-compression'ports:- containerPort: 9090protocol: TCPvolumeMounts:- name: prometheus-configmountPath: /etc/prometheus- name: data-volumemountPath: /prometheusvolumes:- name: prometheus-configconfigMap:name: prometheus-config- name: data-volumeemptyDir: {}# 应用
kubectl apply -f prometheus-deployment.yaml

2.4、创建 Service

# 生产环境中，建议使用 Ingress 而不是 NodePort 暴露服务
# prometheus-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: prometheusnamespace: monitoringlabels:name: prometheus
spec:ports:- name: prometheusprotocol: TCPport: 9090targetPort: 9090selector:app: prometheustype: NodePort# 应用
kubectl apply -f prometheus-service.yaml

3、添加 Target-coredns 案例

CoreDNS 内置 Prometheus 监控指标支持（默认 http://<coredns-pod-ip>:9153/metrics）
通过配置使用 Prometheus 能获取到这些指标

# CoreDNS 通常已经创建对应的 Service（kube-dns）
# 可通过地址访问：http://kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local:9153/metrics
# 配置 Prometheus 的 prometheus.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:name: prometheus-confignamespace: monitoring
data:prometheus.yml: |global:scrape_interval:     15s evaluation_interval: 15sscrape_configs:- job_name: 'prometheus'static_configs:- targets: ['localhost:9090']- job_name: 'coredns'metrics_path: '/metrics'static_configs:- targets: ['kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local:9153']# CoreDNS 提供的主要指标包括
# coredns_dns_requests_total - DNS 请求的总数量
# coredns_dns_request_duration_seconds - 请求处理时间
# coredns_dns_response_size_bytes - 响应大小
# coredns_plugin_enabled - 启用的插件信息