Linux基础练习题1
1、配置网络地址
请为此虚拟机配置以下网络参数：
1）主机名：chenyu.example.com （将chenyu改成自己名字的全拼）
2）IP 地址：192.168.100.100/24
3）默认网关：192.168.100.254
4）DNS 服务器：8.8.8.8
[root@stw ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens33 44f1b6ef-509f-42e1-88ab-ff974b9dc01b ethernet ens33
virbr0 67c416cf-1be2-4408-8d54-52ae3c5ed859 bridge virbr0
Wired connection 1 55c217d0-aa81-38f0-9d73-855c788dc464 ethernet ens36
[root@stw ~]# nmcli connection delete Wired\ connection\ 1
Connection 'Wired connection 1' (55c217d0-aa81-38f0-9d73-855c788dc464) successfully deleted.
[root@stw ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens33 44f1b6ef-509f-42e1-88ab-ff974b9dc01b ethernet ens33
virbr0 67c416cf-1be2-4408-8d54-52ae3c5ed859 bridge virbr0 [root@stw ~]# nmcli connection add con-name 名字全称.example.com type ethernet ifname ens36
Connection '名字全称.example.com' (39932a6c-70c9-49c5-a47a-f3ac4b299948) successfully added.
[root@stw ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens33 44f1b6ef-509f-42e1-88ab-ff974b9dc01b ethernet ens33
virbr0 67c416cf-1be2-4408-8d54-52ae3c5ed859 bridge virbr0
名字全称.example.com 39932a6c-70c9-49c5-a47a-f3ac4b299948 ethernet ens36
[root@stw ~]# nmcli connection modify 名字全称.example.com ipv4.addresses 192.168.100.100/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.100.254 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual connection.autoconnect yes
[root@stw ~]# nmcli connection up 名字全称.example.com
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/13)
[root@stw ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens33 44f1b6ef-509f-42e1-88ab-ff974b9dc01b ethernet ens33
名字全称.example.com 39932a6c-70c9-49c5-a47a-f3ac4b299948 ethernet ens36
virbr0 67c416cf-1be2-4408-8d54-52ae3c5ed859 bridge virbr0
[root@stw ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@stw network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-sit ifup-plusb
ifcfg-lo ifdown-Team ifup-post
ifcfg-名字全称.example.com ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ppp
ifdown ifdown-tunnel ifup-routes
ifdown-bnep ifup ifup-sit
ifdown-eth ifup-aliases ifup-Team
ifdown-ib ifup-bnep ifup-TeamPort
ifdown-ippp ifup-eth ifup-tunnel
ifdown-ipv6 ifup-ib ifup-wireless
ifdown-isdn ifup-ippp init.ipv6-global
ifdown-post ifup-ipv6 network-functions
ifdown-ppp ifup-isdn network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-routes ifup-plip
2、配置默认软件仓库YUM
配置本地的yum仓库，安装httpd软件包
[root@stw ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@stw yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@stw yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@stw yum.repos.d]# vim server.repo
[root@stw yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@stw yum.repos.d]# yum -y install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
aa | 3.6 kB 00:00
(1/2): aa/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00
(2/2): aa/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-88.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-88.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64
......
Running transactionInstalling : apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64 1/5 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64 3/5 Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64 1/5 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64 2/5 Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 3/5 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/5 Installed:httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-88.el7.centos Dependency Installed:apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-88.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 Complete!
3、配置 cron 计划任务
配置计划任务：
（1）以用户 root 的身份每 5 分钟执行一次命令 logger “RH200 Test”
（2）以root的身份每天下午2：28分执行一次命令logger “RH200 Test”
[root@stw ~]# crontab -e
no crontab for root - using an empty one
crontab: installing new crontab
[root@stw ~]# crontab -l
*/5 * * * * logger "RH200 Test"
[root@stw ~]# crontab -l -u root
*/5 * * * * logger "RH200 Test"
[root@stw ~]# crontab -e
crontab: installing new crontab
[root@stw ~]# crontab -l -u root
*/5 * * * * logger "RH200 Test"
28 14 * * * logger "RH200 Test"
[root@stw ~]#
4、配置NTP时间客户端
（1）设置你的系统，使其成为时钟服务器
（2）另外一台服务器作为时钟客户端，将其向始终服务器的时间做同步
服务器：
[root@stw ~]# rpm -q chrony
chrony-3.2-2.el7.x86_64
[root@stw ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
[root@stw ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
[root@stw ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chronyd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service.
[root@stw ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@stw ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@stw ~]# 
客户端：
[root@stw2 ~]# rpm -q chrony
chrony-3.2-2.el7.x86_64
[root@stw2 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
[root@stw2 ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
[root@stw2 ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chronyd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service.
[root@stw2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@stw2 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@stw2 ~]# timedatectl Local time: Thu 2025-07-31 14:48:55 CSTUniversal time: Thu 2025-07-31 06:48:55 UTCRTC time: Thu 2025-07-31 06:48:55Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)NTP enabled: yes
NTP synchronized: yesRTC in local TZ: noDST active: n/a
5、查找文件
查找系统中大小为10-20M的文件，并将其副本放入/root/files目录
[root@stw ~]# find / -size +10M -size -20M -exec cp -rf {} /root/files/ \;
find: ‘/proc/14810/task/14810/fd/5’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/14810/task/14810/fdinfo/5’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/14810/fd/6’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/14810/fdinfo/6’: No such file or directory
cp: ‘/root/files/adwaita-icon-theme-3.28.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm’ and ‘/root/files/adwaita-icon-theme-3.28.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm’ are the same file
cp: ‘/root/files/compat-gcc-44-4.4.7-8.el7.x86_64.rpm’ and ‘/root/files/compat-gcc-44-4.4.7-8.el7.x86_64.rpm’ are the same file
cp: ‘/root/files/gcc-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64.rpm’ and ‘/root/files/gcc-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64.rpm’ are the same file
cp: ‘/root/files/gcc-gnat-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64.rpm’ and ‘/root/files/gcc-gnat-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64.rpm’ are the same file
......
[root@stw ~]# ls /root/files
adwaita-icon-theme-3.28.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
compat-gcc-44-4.4.7-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
data.3gram
gcc-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64.rpm
gcc-gnat-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64.rpm
gimp-2.8.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
glibc-common-2.17-260.el7.x86_64.rpm
gnome-getting-started-docs-3.28.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
gnome-user-docs-3.28.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
inkscape-0.92.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel-1.6.0.41-1.13.13.1.el7_3.x86_64.rpm
kde-l10n-Catalan-4.10.5-2.el7.noarch.rpm
kde-l10n-Danish-4.10.5-2.el7.noarch.rpm
kde-l10n-Dutch-4.10.5-2.el7.noarch.rpm
kde-l10n-Italian-4.10.5-2.el7.noarch.rpm
kde-l10n-Lithuanian-4.10.5-2.el7.noarch.rpm
kde-l10n-Polish-4.10.5-2.el7.noarch.rpm
kde-l10n-Serbian-4.10.5-2.el7.noarch.rpm
kde-l10n-Swedish-4.10.5-2.el7.noarch.rpm
......
6、查找字符串
找出文件/etc/man_db.conf 中包含字符串 sbin 的所有行，将其副本按原始顺序存放到文件 /root/out.txt 中。文件/root/out.txt 中不得包含空行，且所有行必须是/etc/man_db.conf 中原始行的准确副本。
[root@stw ~]# grep "sbin" /etc/man_db.conf
MANPATH_MAP /sbin /usr/share/man
MANPATH_MAP /usr/sbin /usr/share/man
MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/man
MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/share/man
MANPATH_MAP /opt/sbin /opt/man
[root@stw ~]# grep "sbin" /etc/man_db.conf | grep -v ^$ > /root/out.txt
[root@stw ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents initial-setup-ks.cfg Pictures Templates
backup.tar.bz2 Downloads Music Public Videos
Desktop files out.txt sysconfig.tar.gz
[root@stw ~]# vim out.txt
7、创建归档
（1）创建一个名为/root/backup.tar.bz2 的 tar 归档，其应该包含/usr/local/的内容。此归档文件 必须使用 bzip2 进行压缩。
[root@stw ~]# tar -cjvf /root/backup.tar.bz2 /usr/local
（2）创建一个名为/root/sysconfig.tar.gz 的 tar 归档，其应该包含/etc/sysconfig/的内容。此归档文件 必须使用 gzip 进行压缩。
[root@stw ~]# tar -czvf /root/sysconfig.tar.gz /etc/sysconfig/
8、设置root密码，并且设置网络参数
获得系统 node2 的管理权限，并将 node2 的 root 密码设置为 redhat
9、配置系统调优
为你的系统选择建议的 tuned 配置集并将它设为默认设置
[root@stw ~]# tuned-adm recommend
virtual-guest
[root@stw ~]# tuned-adm profile
balanced network-throughput virtual-guest
desktop powersave virtual-host
latency-performance recommend.d
network-latency throughput-performance
[root@stw ~]# tuned-adm profile virtual-guest
[root@stw ~]# tuned-adm active
Current active profile: virtual-guest