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使用Python开发经典俄罗斯方块游戏

news 来源：原创 2025/6/15 20:10:43

使用Python开发经典俄罗斯方块游戏

在这篇教程中，我们将学习如何使用Python和Pygame库开发一个经典的俄罗斯方块游戏。这个项目将帮助你理解游戏开发的基本概念，包括图形界面、用户输入处理、碰撞检测等重要内容。
在这里插入图片描述

项目概述

我们将实现以下功能：

创建游戏主窗口和网格系统
实现不同形状的方块（Tetromino）
添加方块旋转和移动功能
实现行消除机制
添加分数系统
实现游戏结束判定

所需知识

Python基础编程
Pygame库的基本使用
面向对象编程概念
基本的游戏开发原理

完整代码实现

import pygame
import random# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()# 颜色定义
COLORS = [(0, 0, 0),        # 黑色（背景）(120, 37, 179),   # 紫色(100, 179, 179),  # 青色(80, 34, 22),     # 褐色(80, 134, 22),    # 绿色(180, 34, 22),    # 红色(180, 34, 122),   # 粉色
]# 方块形状定义
SHAPES = [[[1, 5, 9, 13], [4, 5, 6, 7]],  # I[[1, 2, 5, 9], [0, 4, 5, 6], [1, 5, 9, 8], [4, 5, 6, 10]],  # J[[1, 2, 6, 10], [5, 6, 7, 9], [2, 6, 10, 11], [3, 5, 6, 7]],  # L[[1, 2, 5, 6]],  # O[[5, 6, 8, 9], [1, 5, 6, 10]],  # S[[1, 4, 5, 6], [1, 4, 5, 9], [4, 5, 6, 9], [1, 5, 6, 9]],  # T[[4, 5, 9, 10], [2, 6, 5, 9]]  # Z
]class Tetris:def __init__(self, height, width):self.height = heightself.width = widthself.field = []self.score = 0self.state = "start"self.figure = Noneself.x = 0self.y = 0self.init_field()def init_field(self):self.field = []for i in range(self.height):new_line = []for j in range(self.width):new_line.append(0)self.field.append(new_line)def new_figure(self):self.figure = Figure(3, 0)def intersects(self):intersection = Falsefor i in range(4):for j in range(4):if i * 4 + j in self.figure.image():if (i + self.figure.y > self.height - 1 orj + self.figure.x > self.width - 1 orj + self.figure.x < 0 orself.field[i + self.figure.y][j + self.figure.x] > 0):intersection = Truereturn intersectiondef freeze(self):for i in range(4):for j in range(4):if i * 4 + j in self.figure.image():self.field[i + self.figure.y][j + self.figure.x] = self.figure.colorself.break_lines()self.new_figure()if self.intersects():self.state = "gameover"def break_lines(self):lines = 0for i in range(1, self.height):zeros = 0for j in range(self.width):if self.field[i][j] == 0:zeros += 1if zeros == 0:lines += 1for i1 in range(i, 1, -1):for j in range(self.width):self.field[i1][j] = self.field[i1-1][j]self.score += lines ** 2def go_space(self):while not self.intersects():self.figure.y += 1self.figure.y -= 1self.freeze()def go_down(self):self.figure.y += 1if self.intersects():self.figure.y -= 1self.freeze()def go_side(self, dx):old_x = self.figure.xself.figure.x += dxif self.intersects():self.figure.x = old_xdef rotate(self):old_rotation = self.figure.rotationself.figure.rotate()if self.intersects():self.figure.rotation = old_rotationclass Figure:def __init__(self, x, y):self.x = xself.y = yself.type = random.randint(0, len(SHAPES) - 1)self.color = random.randint(1, len(COLORS) - 1)self.rotation = 0def image(self):return SHAPES[self.type][self.rotation]def rotate(self):self.rotation = (self.rotation + 1) % len(SHAPES[self.type])# 游戏参数设置
GAME_HEIGHT = 20
GAME_WIDTH = 10
TILE_SIZE = 30
GAME_RES = GAME_WIDTH * TILE_SIZE, GAME_HEIGHT * TILE_SIZE
FPS = 60# 初始化游戏窗口
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(GAME_RES)
pygame.display.set_caption("俄罗斯方块")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()# 创建游戏对象
game = Tetris(GAME_HEIGHT, GAME_WIDTH)
counter = 0
pressing_down = Falsewhile True:if game.figure is None:game.new_figure()counter += 1if counter > 100000:counter = 0if counter % (FPS // (game.score + 1) // 2 + 1) == 0 or pressing_down:if game.state == "start":game.go_down()for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_UP:game.rotate()if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:pressing_down = Trueif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:game.go_side(-1)if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:game.go_side(1)if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:game.go_space()if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:pygame.quit()exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:pressing_down = Falsescreen.fill((0, 0, 0))for i in range(game.height):for j in range(game.width):if game.field[i][j] > 0:pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS[game.field[i][j]],[j * TILE_SIZE, i * TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE - 1, TILE_SIZE - 1])if game.figure is not None:for i in range(4):for j in range(4):if i * 4 + j in game.figure.image():pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS[game.figure.color],[(j + game.figure.x) * TILE_SIZE,(i + game.figure.y) * TILE_SIZE,TILE_SIZE - 1, TILE_SIZE - 1])pygame.display.flip()clock.tick(FPS)

代码详解

1. 基础设置和常量定义

import pygame
import random# 颜色定义
COLORS = [(0, 0, 0),        # 黑色（背景）(120, 37, 179),   # 紫色# ... 其他颜色
]# 方块形状定义
SHAPES = [[[1, 5, 9, 13], [4, 5, 6, 7]],  # I形# ... 其他形状
]