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1. 分批上传（Batch Upload）

将大量图片分成小批次上传，而不是一次性全部上传：

async function batchUpload(files, batchSize = 5) {for (let i = 0; i < files.length; i += batchSize) {const batch = files.slice(i, i + batchSize);await Promise.all(batch.map(file => uploadFile(file)));}
}

2. 并发控制

限制同时上传的文件数量，避免浏览器连接数限制和服务器压力：

class UploadManager {constructor(concurrency = 3) {this.concurrency = concurrency;this.running = 0;this.queue = [];}async upload(file) {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {this.queue.push({ file, resolve, reject });this.process();});}async process() {if (this.running >= this.concurrency || this.queue.length === 0) {return;}this.running++;const { file, resolve, reject } = this.queue.shift();try {const result = await this.uploadFile(file);resolve(result);} catch (error) {reject(error);} finally {this.running--;this.process();}}
}

3. 图片压缩

在上传前对图片进行压缩，减小文件大小：

function compressImage(file, quality = 0.8) {return new Promise((resolve) => {const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');const img = new Image();img.onload = () => {canvas.width = img.width;canvas.height = img.height;ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);canvas.toBlob(resolve, 'image/jpeg', quality);};img.src = URL.createObjectURL(file);});
}

4. 进度显示与状态管理

提供清晰的上传进度反馈：

function uploadWithProgress(file, onProgress) {const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();xhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', (event) => {if (event.lengthComputable) {const percentComplete = (event.loaded / event.total) * 100;onProgress(percentComplete);}});// 配置并发送请求xhr.open('POST', '/upload');const formData = new FormData();formData.append('file', file);xhr.send(formData);
}

5. 暂停/恢复功能

实现断点续传功能，支持暂停和恢复：

class ResumableUpload {constructor(file) {this.file = file;this.chunkSize = 1024 * 1024; // 1MB chunksthis.chunks = Math.ceil(file.size / this.chunkSize);this.uploadedChunks = new Set();}async uploadChunk(chunkIndex) {const start = chunkIndex * this.chunkSize;const end = Math.min(start + this.chunkSize, this.file.size);const chunk = this.file.slice(start, end);// 上传分片逻辑await this.sendChunk(chunk, chunkIndex);this.uploadedChunks.add(chunkIndex);}async resume() {for (let i = 0; i < this.chunks; i++) {if (!this.uploadedChunks.has(i)) {await this.uploadChunk(i);}}}
}

6. 预加载与预览

在上传前提供图片预览功能：

function previewImages(files) {const previewContainer = document.getElementById('preview');Array.from(files).forEach(file => {if (!file.type.startsWith('image/')) return;const reader = new FileReader();reader.onload = (e) => {const img = document.createElement('img');img.src = e.target.result;img.style.maxWidth = '200px';img.style.maxHeight = '200px';previewContainer.appendChild(img);};reader.readAsDataURL(file);});
}

7. 错误处理与重试机制

实现错误处理和自动重试机制：

async function uploadWithRetry(file, maxRetries = 3) {for (let i = 0; i <= maxRetries; i++) {try {return await uploadFile(file);} catch (error) {if (i === maxRetries) throw error;// 指数退避策略await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 2 ** i * 1000));}}
}

8. Web Workers优化

对于图片处理等计算密集型任务，使用Web Workers避免阻塞主线程：

// main.js
const worker = new Worker('image-processor.js');
worker.postMessage({ file, quality: 0.8 });
worker.onmessage = (e) => {// 处理压缩后的图片uploadFile(e.data.compressedFile);
};// image-processor.js
self.onmessage = async (e) => {const { file, quality } = e.data;const compressedFile = await compressImage(file, quality);self.postMessage({ compressedFile });
};

9. 使用现代API

利用现代浏览器提供的API提升性能：

// 使用 Promise.allSettled 处理部分失败的情况
async function uploadAll(files) {const uploadPromises = Array.from(files).map(file => uploadFile(file));const results = await Promise.allSettled(uploadPromises);const successful = results.filter(result => result.status === 'fulfilled');const failed = results.filter(result => result.status === 'rejected');return { successful, failed };
}

10. 内存管理

及时释放不需要的对象和URL引用：

function cleanupObjectURL(url) {URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
}// 在图片预览后，适时清理
const objectURL = URL.createObjectURL(file);
// 使用完后
cleanupObjectURL(objectURL);