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.NET 对象转Json的方式

news 2025/10/29 9:11:35

.NET 对象转Json的方式

在.NET中将对象转换为JSON有多种方法，以下是常用的几种方式：

1. 使用 System.Text.Json (推荐，.NET Core 3.0+)

基本序列化

using System.Text.Json;public class Person
{public string Name { get; set; }public int Age { get; set; }public string Email { get; set; }
}// 对象转JSON
var person = new Person { Name = "张三", Age = 25, Email = "zhangsan@example.com" };
string jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(person);
Console.WriteLine(jsonString);
// 输出: {"Name":"张三","Age":25,"Email":"zhangsan@example.com"}

带选项的序列化

var options = new JsonSerializerOptions
{WriteIndented = true, // 格式化输出PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase // 驼峰命名
};string jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(person, options);
Console.WriteLine(jsonString);
// 输出:
// {
//   "name": "张三",
//   "age": 25,
//   "email": "zhangsan@example.com"
// }

2. 使用 Newtonsoft.Json (Json.NET)

首先安装 NuGet 包：

Install-Package Newtonsoft.Json

using Newtonsoft.Json;public class Person
{public string Name { get; set; }public int Age { get; set; }public string Email { get; set; }
}// 基本序列化
var person = new Person { Name = "李四", Age = 30, Email = "lisi@example.com" };
string jsonString = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person);
Console.WriteLine(jsonString);// 带格式的序列化
string formattedJson = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person, Formatting.Indented);
Console.WriteLine(formattedJson);

Newtonsoft.Json 高级用法

var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings
{Formatting = Formatting.Indented,NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore,DateFormatString = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
};string jsonString = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person, settings);

3. 处理复杂对象

包含集合的对象

public class Department
{public string Name { get; set; }public List<Person> Employees { get; set; }
}var department = new Department
{Name = "技术部",Employees = new List<Person>{new Person { Name = "王五", Age = 28, Email = "wangwu@example.com" },new Person { Name = "赵六", Age = 32, Email = "zhaoliu@example.com" }}
};string jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(department, new JsonSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true });
Console.WriteLine(jsonString);

匿名对象序列化

var anonymousObject = new
{Id = 1,Description = "测试对象",CreateTime = DateTime.Now
};string jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(anonymousObject);
Console.WriteLine(jsonString);

4. 自定义序列化选项

System.Text.Json 自定义

var options = new JsonSerializerOptions
{WriteIndented = true,PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase,DefaultIgnoreCondition = System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull,Converters = { new JsonStringEnumConverter() } // 枚举转换为字符串
};string jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(person, options);

使用特性控制序列化

public class Product
{[JsonPropertyName("productName")] // System.Text.Jsonpublic string Name { get; set; }[JsonIgnore] // 忽略该属性public string InternalCode { get; set; }[JsonPropertyOrder(1)] // 属性顺序public decimal Price { get; set; }
}

5. 性能优化

使用源生成器 (System.Text.Json)

[JsonSerializable(typeof(Person))]
[JsonSerializable(typeof(List<Person>))]
public partial class MyJsonContext : JsonSerializerContext
{
}// 使用源生成器进行序列化
var person = new Person { Name = "测试", Age = 25 };
string jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(person, MyJsonContext.Default.Person);