cv_bridge和openCV不兼容问题
1. cv_bridge不兼容问题
问题：NumPy 升级到 2.0+ 后与 ROS Noetic 的 cv_bridge 模块不兼容，但我又必须在conda环境下运行
A module that was compiled using NumPy 1.x cannot be run in NumPy 2.0.2 as it may crash. To support both 1.x and 2.x versions of NumPy, modules must be compiled with NumPy 2.0. Some module may need to rebuild instead e.g. with 'pybind11>=2.12'.
If you are a user of the module, the easiest solution will be to downgrade to 'numpy<2' or try to upgrade the affected module. We expect that some modules will need time to support NumPy 2.
解决：不用ros noetic的cv_bridge,自己编译cv_bridge与conda环境的NumPy兼容
1)激活 Conda 环境
conda activate env_xxx
mkdir /cv_ws/src
cd ~/cv_ws/src
git clone https://github.com/ros-perception/vision_opencv.git
cd vision_opencv
git checkout noetic
确认 Python 和 NumPy 都是 Conda 的：
which python
python -c "import numpy; print(numpy.__version__)"
2)安装必要依赖
sudo apt install python3-dev python3-numpy
sudo apt install ros-noetic-cv-bridge ros-noetic-vision-opencv
3)克隆源码
mkdir -p /cv_ws/src
cd ~/cv_ws/src
git clone https://github.com/ros-perception/vision_opencv.git
cd vision_opencv
git checkout noetic
4)修改编译配置
进入 cv_bridge 目录：
cd cv_bridge
修改CMakeLists.txt(~/cv_ws/src/vision_opencv/cv_bridge/CMakeLists.txt)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.2)
project(cv_bridge)# 手动指定 Conda Python 环境路径
set(PYTHON_EXECUTABLE "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/bin/python")
set(PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/include/python3.9")
set(PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/include/python3.9")
set(PYTHON_LIBRARY "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/lib/libpython3.9.so")
set(PYTHON_LIBRARIES "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/lib/libpython3.9.so")# 指定 Boost 的搜索路径到 conda 环境
set(BOOST_ROOT "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC")
set(Boost_NO_SYSTEM_PATHS TRUE)
set(Boost_INCLUDE_DIR "${BOOST_ROOT}/include")
set(Boost_LIBRARY_DIR "${BOOST_ROOT}/lib")find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS rosconsole sensor_msgs)# 强制使用预设的 Python 变量，防止 find_package 覆盖
set(PYTHONLIBS_FOUND TRUE)
set(PythonLibs_FOUND TRUE)
find_package(PythonLibs REQUIRED)# 再次确保变量设置正确（防止被 find_package 覆盖）
set(PYTHON_LIBRARY "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/lib/libpython3.9.so")
set(PYTHON_LIBRARIES "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/lib/libpython3.9.so")if(NOT ANDROID)find_package(Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS python)
else()find_package(Boost REQUIRED)
endif()# 尝试找到 OpenCV
set(_opencv_version 4)
find_package(OpenCV 4 QUIET)
if(NOT OpenCV_FOUND)message(STATUS "Did not find OpenCV 4, trying OpenCV 3")set(_opencv_version 3)
endif()find_package(OpenCV ${_opencv_version} REQUIREDCOMPONENTSopencv_coreopencv_imgprocopencv_imgcodecsCONFIG
)catkin_package(INCLUDE_DIRS includeLIBRARIES ${PROJECT_NAME}CATKIN_DEPENDS rosconsole sensor_msgsDEPENDS OpenCVCFG_EXTRAS cv_bridge-extras.cmake
)catkin_python_setup()include_directories(include${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}${catkin_INCLUDE_DIRS}${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)
link_directories(${Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS})if(NOT ANDROID)add_subdirectory(python)
endif()add_subdirectory(src)if(CATKIN_ENABLE_TESTING)add_subdirectory(test)
endif()install(DIRECTORY include/${PROJECT_NAME}/DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_INCLUDE_DESTINATION}
)修改修改 cv_bridge/src/CMakeLists.txt(~/cv_ws/src/vision_opencv/cv_bridge/src/CMakeLists.txt)
# 强制设置 Python 变量（必须在 find_package 之前）
set(PYTHON_EXECUTABLE "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/bin/python")
set(PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/include/python3.9")
set(PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/include/python3.9")
set(PYTHON_INCLUDE_PATH "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/include/python3.9")
set(PYTHON_LIBRARY "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/lib/libpython3.9.so")
set(PYTHON_LIBRARIES "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/lib/libpython3.9.so")
set(PYTHONLIBS_FOUND TRUE)
set(PythonLibs_FOUND TRUE)
set(PYTHON_VERSION_MAJOR 3)
set(PYTHON_VERSION_MINOR 9)# add library
include_directories(./)
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} cv_bridge.cpp rgb_colors.cpp)
add_dependencies(${PROJECT_NAME} ${catkin_EXPORTED_TARGETS})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${OpenCV_LIBRARIES} ${catkin_LIBRARIES})install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_LIB_DESTINATION}ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_LIB_DESTINATION}RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CATKIN_GLOBAL_BIN_DESTINATION}
)if(NOT ANDROID)
# add a Boost Python library
find_package(PythonInterp REQUIRED)
find_package(PythonLibs "${PYTHON_VERSION_MAJOR}.${PYTHON_VERSION_MINOR}")# 再次强制设置（防止被 find_package 覆盖）
set(PYTHON_LIBRARY "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/lib/libpython3.9.so")
set(PYTHON_LIBRARIES "/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/lib/libpython3.9.so")#Get the numpy include directory from its python module
if(NOT PYTHON_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIR)execute_process(COMMAND ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} -c "import numpy; print(numpy.get_include())"RESULT_VARIABLE PYTHON_NUMPY_PROCESSOUTPUT_VARIABLE PYTHON_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIROUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)if(PYTHON_NUMPY_PROCESS EQUAL 0)file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${PYTHON_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIR}" PYTHON_NUMPY_INCLUDE_CMAKE_PATH)set(PYTHON_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIR ${PYTHON_NUMPY_INCLUDE_CMAKE_PATH} CACHE PATH "Numpy include directory")else(PYTHON_NUMPY_PROCESS EQUAL 0)message(SEND_ERROR "Could not determine the NumPy include directory, verify that NumPy was installed correctly.")endif(PYTHON_NUMPY_PROCESS EQUAL 0)endif(NOT PYTHON_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIR)include_directories(${PYTHON_INCLUDE_PATH} ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${PYTHON_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIR})if (PYTHON_VERSION_MAJOR VERSION_EQUAL 3)add_definitions(-DPYTHON3)
endif()add_library(${PROJECT_NAME}_boost module.cpp module_opencv4.cpp)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}_boost ${Boost_LIBRARIES}${catkin_LIBRARIES}${PROJECT_NAME}
)if(NOT APPLE)target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}_boost ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
endif()set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME}_boost PROPERTIESLIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CATKIN_DEVEL_PREFIX}/${CATKIN_GLOBAL_PYTHON_DESTINATION}/${PROJECT_NAME}/boost/RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CATKIN_DEVEL_PREFIX}/${CATKIN_GLOBAL_PYTHON_DESTINATION}/${PROJECT_NAME}/boost/PREFIX ""
)
if(APPLE)set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME}_boost PROPERTIESSUFFIX ".so")set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME}_boost PROPERTIESLINK_FLAGS "-undefined dynamic_lookup")
endif()
if(MSVC)set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME}_boost PROPERTIESSUFFIX ".pyd")
endif()install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}_boost DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_PYTHON_DESTINATION}/boost/)
endif()5)编译
cd ~/cv_ws
rm -rf build devel
catkin_make
# 或者
catkin_make -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/home/username/miniconda3/envs/CTSAC/bin/python6)source工作空间
source ~/cv_ws/devel/setup.bash
python -c "from cv_bridge import CvBridge; print('cv_bridge OK')"7)cv_ws的工作空间也要source，而scout_ws工作空间也要source
方法一：把编译顺序写入.bashrc文件
nano ~/.bashrc
source /opt/ros/noetic/setup.bash
source ~/scout_ws/devel/setup.bash
source ~/cv_ws/devel/setup.bash# 保存后
source ~/.bashrc方法二：合并工作空间
如果cv_bridge只是给scout_ws用的，可以直接把cv_bridge的源码放到scout_ws：
cp -r ~/cv_ws/src/vision_opencv ~/scout_ws/src/
cd ~/scout_ws
catkin_make这样只需要一个工作空间。
8)编译成功后验证方法
python -c "import cv_bridge; print('cv_bridge OK')"