当前位置：首页 > news >正文

8 读写分离-实战

news 2025/10/15 8:30:29

Sharding-JDBC读写分离则是根据SQL语义的分析，将读操作和写操作分别路由至主库与从库。它提供透明化读写分离，让使用方尽量像使用一个数据库一样使用主从数据库集群。
在这里插入图片描述

1.数据准备

为了实现Sharding-JDBC的读写分离，首先，要进行mysql的主从同步配置。在主服务器中的 test数据库创建**商品表**：

CREATE TABLE `products` (`pid` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`pname` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,`price` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,`flag` varchar(2) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`pid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

主库新建表之后,从库会根据binlog日志,同步创建.
在这里插入图片描述

2.创建SpringBoot程序

引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.simon</groupId><artifactId>shardingjdbc-write-read</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>shardingjdbc-write-read</name><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><spring-boot.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId><artifactId>shardingsphere-jdbc-core-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>5.1.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.baomidou</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId><version>3.3.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId><artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target><encoding>UTF-8</encoding></configuration></plugin><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version><configuration><mainClass>com.simon.shardingjdbc.ShardingjdbcWriteReadApplication</mainClass></configuration><executions><execution><id>repackage</id><goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build></project>

创建实体类

@TableName("products")
@Data
public class Products {@TableId(value = "pid",type = IdType.AUTO)private Long pid;private String pname;private int  price;private String flag;}

创建Mapper

@Mapper
public interface ProductsMapper extends BaseMapper<Products> {
}

3.配置读写分离

# 应用名称
spring.application.name=shardingjdbc-write-read# 打印SQl
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql-show=true# 定义读写分离的数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names = master,slave#数据源1
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.52.10:3306/test_rw?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.password=QiDian@666#数据源2
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.52.11:3306/test_rw?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave.password=QiDian@666#读写分离 主从关系
# 读写分离类型，如: Static，Dynamic, ms1 包含了  m1 和 s1
spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ms1.type=Static# 写数据源名称
spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ms1.props.write-data-source-name=master# 读数据源名称，多个从数据源用逗号分隔
spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ms1.props.read-data-source-names=slave

负载均衡相关配置

https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/dev-manual/readwrite-splitting/

# 负载均衡算法名称
spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.myds.load-balancer-name=alg_round# 负载均衡算法配置
# 负载均衡算法类型
spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.alg_round.type=ROUND_ROBIN  # 轮询
spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.alg_random.type=RANDOM      # 随机
spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.alg_weight.type=WEIGHT      # 权重
spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.alg_weight.props.slave1=1
spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.alg_weight.props.slave2=2

4.读写分离测试

//插入测试
@Test
public void testInsert(){Products products = new Products();products.setPname("电视机");products.setPrice(100);products.setFlag("0");productsMapper.insert(products);
}

@Test
public void testSelect(){QueryWrapper<Products> queryWrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();queryWrapper.eq("pname","电视机");List<Products> products = productsMapper.selectList(queryWrapper);products.forEach(System.out::println);
}