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MySQL介绍和MySQL包安装 -- RHEL系列（Yum资源库安装MySQL）

news 2025/10/7 9:11:17

文章目录

  • MySQL介绍和安装
  • 1.MySQL介绍
    • 1.1 MySQL 的定义
    • 1.2 MySQL 的特点
    • 1.3 MySQL 的应用领域
    • 1.4 MySQL 的存储引擎
    • 1.5 MySQL 的架构
    • 1.6 MySQL 的优势和局限性
    • 1.7 MySQL 的未来发展趋势
  • 2.MySQL安装
    • 2.1 主机初始化
      • 2.1.1 设置网卡名
      • 2.1.2 设置ip地址
      • 2.1.3 配置镜像源
      • 2.1.4 关闭防火墙
      • 2.1.5 禁用SELinux
      • 2.1.6 禁用AppArmor
      • 2.1.7 设置时区
    • 2.2 包安装
      • 2.2.1 RHEL系列
        • 2.2.1.1 Yum资源库安装MySQL
          • 2.2.1.1.1 MySQL 8.0
          • 2.2.1.1.2 MySQL 8.4

MySQL介绍和安装

1.MySQL介绍

t1

图1 MySQL

MySQL官方：https://www.mysql.com

MySQL 是一种非常流行的开源关系型数据库管理系统（RDBMS），广泛应用于各种规模的项目中，从小型网站到大型企业级应用。以下是关于 MySQL 的详细介绍：

1.1 MySQL 的定义

MySQL 是一个高性能、多用户、多线程的 SQL 数据库服务器，它使用 SQL（Structured Query Language，结构化查询语言）作为与数据库交互的接口。它最初由瑞典的 MySQL AB 公司开发，后来被 Sun 公司收购，再后来随着 Oracle 收购 Sun，MySQL 成为 Oracle 公司旗下的产品。不过，MySQL 仍然保持开源，遵循 GPL（General Public License）许可证。

1.2 MySQL 的特点

  1. 开源免费
    • MySQL 是开源软件，这意味着用户可以免费下载、安装和使用它。开源特性也使得 MySQL 的社区非常活跃，有大量的开发者参与贡献代码和插件，帮助不断完善和优化数据库系统。
  2. 高性能
    • MySQL 在处理大量数据时表现出色。它支持多种存储引擎，其中最常用的是 InnoDB。InnoDB 存储引擎提供了事务支持、行级锁定和外键约束等功能，能够有效地提高并发性能和数据一致性。例如，在一个电商网站中，当多个用户同时下单时，InnoDB 存储引擎可以确保订单数据的正确插入和更新，而不会出现数据冲突。
  3. 跨平台
    • MySQL 可以运行在多种操作系统上，包括 Linux、Windows、macOS 等。这种跨平台特性使得开发人员可以在不同的开发环境中使用 MySQL，方便了开发和部署。比如，开发人员可以在 Windows 系统上开发应用程序，而将数据库部署在 Linux 服务器上，以利用 Linux 的稳定性和性能优势。
  4. 易于使用
    • MySQL 提供了简单易用的命令行工具和图形化界面工具（如 MySQL Workbench）。通过这些工具，用户可以方便地进行数据库的创建、表的定义、数据的插入、查询和更新等操作。例如，通过 MySQL Workbench，用户可以直观地看到数据库的结构，通过图形化界面进行 SQL 查询的编写和执行，而不需要记住复杂的命令行语法。
  5. 可扩展性强
    • MySQL 支持集群和分布式数据库架构，能够满足大规模数据存储和高并发访问的需求。通过配置主从复制、分片等技术，可以实现数据库的高可用性和负载均衡。例如，在一个大型互联网应用中，可以使用主从复制架构，将主数据库用于数据的写入操作，从数据库用于读取操作，从而提高系统的读取性能。
  6. 安全性高
    • MySQL 提供了多种安全机制，如用户权限管理、数据加密、SSL/TLS 支持等。用户可以根据需要为不同的用户分配不同的权限，限制用户对数据库的操作范围。例如，可以为普通用户只授予查询权限，而将数据修改和删除权限授予管理员用户。同时，通过数据加密和 SSL/TLS 加密通信，可以保护数据在存储和传输过程中的安全。

1.3 MySQL 的应用领域

  1. 网站开发
    • MySQL 是 Web 开发中常用的数据库之一。它与 PHP、Python、Java 等编程语言配合良好，能够快速实现动态网站的功能。例如，在一个新闻网站中，MySQL 可以存储新闻文章、用户评论、用户信息等数据，通过 SQL 查询语句，网站可以动态地展示新闻内容和用户评论。
  2. 企业级应用
    • 许多企业使用 MySQL 来存储和管理业务数据。例如，在一个企业的客户关系管理系统（CRM）中，MySQL 可以存储客户信息、销售记录、订单详情等数据。通过 MySQL 的事务处理功能，可以确保业务数据的完整性和一致性。
  3. 大数据分析
    • 虽然 MySQL 本身不是专门的大数据分析工具，但它可以作为数据仓库的一部分，存储和管理结构化数据。通过与其他数据分析工具（如 Apache Hive、Spark 等）结合，可以对存储在 MySQL 中的数据进行分析和挖掘，为企业决策提供支持。
  4. 移动应用后端
    • 在移动应用开发中，MySQL 可以作为后端数据库，存储用户数据、应用配置信息等。移动应用通过网络请求与 MySQL 数据库进行交互，获取数据并展示给用户。例如，在一个社交类移动应用中，MySQL 可以存储用户的好友关系、消息记录等数据。

1.4 MySQL 的存储引擎

MySQL 支持多种存储引擎，每种存储引擎都有其特点和适用场景。以下是一些常见的存储引擎：

  1. InnoDB
    • 这是 MySQL 的默认存储引擎。它支持事务处理、行级锁定和外键约束。InnoDB 的事务特性可以保证数据操作的原子性、一致性、隔离性和持久性（ACID）。例如，在一个银行系统的转账操作中，InnoDB 存储引擎可以确保转账操作要么完全成功，要么完全失败，不会出现数据不一致的情况。
  2. MyISAM
    • MyISAM 是 MySQL 早期的默认存储引擎，它支持全文索引，适合用于文本搜索等场景。不过，MyISAM 不支持事务处理和行级锁定，而是采用表级锁定。这意味着在并发操作时，可能会出现性能瓶颈。例如，在一个高并发的电商网站中，如果使用 MyISAM 存储引擎，可能会导致多个用户同时下单时出现数据冲突或性能下降的情况。
  3. Memory
    • Memory 存储引擎将数据存储在内存中，因此读取速度非常快。但是，Memory 存储引擎的数据在数据库重启后会丢失，因此它适合用于临时数据存储和快速查询的场景。例如，在一个需要快速统计用户访问次数的应用中，可以使用 Memory 存储引擎存储临时的访问数据，然后定期将数据汇总到其他存储引擎中。

1.5 MySQL 的架构

MySQL 的架构可以分为多个层次，主要包括客户端层、服务端层和存储引擎层。

  1. 客户端层
    • 客户端层是用户与 MySQL 数据库交互的入口。用户可以通过命令行工具、图形化界面工具或编程语言中的数据库连接库（如 JDBC、ODBC 等）与 MySQL 数据库进行通信。客户端层的主要功能是将用户的 SQL 查询语句发送到服务端，并接收服务端返回的查询结果。
  2. 服务端层
    • 服务端层是 MySQL 的核心部分，它负责处理客户端的请求。服务端层主要包括连接池、查询解析器、查询优化器和缓存机制等组件。连接池用于管理客户端的连接，提高连接的复用性。查询解析器将客户端发送的 SQL 查询语句解析成内部的逻辑结构。查询优化器根据查询语句和数据库的统计信息，选择最优的查询执行计划。缓存机制可以缓存查询结果和数据页，提高查询性能。例如，当用户多次查询相同的数据时，缓存机制可以直接返回缓存中的结果，而不需要重新从磁盘读取数据。
  3. 存储引擎层
    • 存储引擎层负责数据的存储和检索。如前面提到的，MySQL 支持多种存储引擎，每种存储引擎都有自己的数据存储格式和访问机制。服务端层通过统一的接口与存储引擎层进行交互，将查询请求转发给存储引擎，并将存储引擎返回的结果返回给客户端。

1.6 MySQL 的优势和局限性

  1. 优势

    • 性能卓越：MySQL 在处理高并发和大数据量时表现出色，尤其在 Web 应用和互联网领域，能够快速响应用户的请求。
    • 成本低：开源免费的特性使得 MySQL 的使用成本较低，适合中小型企业或个人开发者。
    • 社区支持强大：由于 MySQL 的开源性和广泛的使用，拥有庞大的开发者社区。用户可以在社区中找到大量的技术文档、教程和解决方案。
    • 易于学习和部署：MySQL 的语法简单，易于上手。同时，它提供了多种安装方式和配置选项，方便用户根据自己的需求进行部署。

  2. 局限性

    • 功能相对有限：与一些商业数据库（如 Oracle、SQL Server）相比，MySQL 在某些高级功能（如复杂的数据分析、高级的存储过程等）上可能稍显不足。

    • 数据一致性问题：在高并发场景下，如果配置不当，可能会出现数据一致性问题。例如，如果使用了不支持事务的存储引擎（如 MyISAM），可能会导致数据丢失或不一致的情况。

    • 可维护性问题：随着数据库规模的增大，MySQL 的维护成本可能会增加。例如，数据库的备份、恢复、性能优化等操作需要专业的知识和经验。

1.7 MySQL 的未来发展趋势

  1. 性能优化
    • MySQL 开发团队会不断优化数据库的性能，特别是在高并发和大数据量处理方面。例如，通过改进存储引擎的算法、优化查询优化器的逻辑等方式，进一步提高 MySQL 的性能。
  2. 与云计算的融合
    • 随着云计算技术的发展，MySQL 会更加紧密地与云计算平台结合。云数据库（如 Amazon RDS for MySQL、阿里云 MySQL 等）提供了自动备份、弹性扩展、高可用性等特性。

2.MySQL安装

2.1 主机初始化

2.1.1 设置网卡名

  • Rocky Linux 9/10、Almalinux 9/10、CentOS Stream 9/10、AnolisOS 23、OpenCloudOS 9：

    • 创建 systemd 链接文件： 创建 /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link 文件。

      [root@rocky10 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/systemd/network/
[root@rocky10 ~]# touch /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link[root@rocky10 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:02:55:30 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffaltname enp3s0altname enx000c29025530inet 10.0.15.1/20 brd 10.0.15.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160valid_lft 1788sec preferred_lft 1788secinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe02:5530/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@rocky10 ~]# cat > /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link << EOF
[Match]
MACAddress=00:0c:29:02:55:30[Link]
Name=eth0
EOF# 也可以执行下面命令
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
ETHMAC=`ip addr show ${ETHNANME} | awk -F' ' '/ether/{print $2}'`
mkdir /etc/systemd/network/
touch /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link
cat > /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link << EOF
[Match]
MACAddress=${ETHMAC}[Link]
Name=eth0
EOF

    • 修改 NetworkManager 配置文件： 如果使用 NetworkManager 管理网络，需要修改 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections 下的配置文件。

      [root@rocky10 ~]# mv /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ens160.nmconnection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection[root@rocky10 ~]# sed -i.bak 's/'ens160'/eth0/' /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection# 也可以执行下面命令
mv /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/${ETHNAME}.nmconnection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection

  • Rocky Linux 8、Almalinux 8、CentOS 7、CentOS Stream 8、openEuler 22.03和24.03 LTS、AnolisOS 8、OpenCloudOS 8、Kylin Server v10/v11、UOS Server v20：

    • 修改 GRUB 配置文件： 打开 /etc/default/grub 文件，添加以下内容到 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 行

      net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

      执行以下命令：

      sed -ri.bak '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s@"$@ net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"@' /etc/default/grub

      然后更新 GRUB 配置：

      grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

      如果是 UEFI 引导系统，更新命令为：

      # Rocky
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/rocky/grub.cfg# Almalinux
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/almalinux/grub.cfg# CentOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg# openEuler
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/openEuler/grub.cfg# AnolisOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/anolis/grub.cfg# OpenCloudOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/opencloudos/grub.cfg# Kylin Server
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/kylin/grub.cfg# UOS Server
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/uos/grub.cfg# UEFI 引导系统可以直接执行下面命令：
EFI_DIR=`find /boot/efi/ -name "grub.cfg" | awk -F"/" '{print $5}'`
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/${EFI_DIR}/grub.cfg

    • 创建 Udev 规则文件： 创建 /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules 文件，并添加以下内容：

      SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="<网卡MAC地址>", NAME="eth0"

      **注意：**创建Udev这个步骤只在AnolisOS 8上执行。

      将 <网卡MAC地址> 替换为实际网卡的 MAC 地址。

      [root@anolisos8 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:47:02:3f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffaltname enp2s1inet 10.0.15.21/20 brd 10.0.15.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33valid_lft 1788sec preferred_lft 1788secinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe47:23f/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@anolis8 ~]# cat >> /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules << EOF
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:47:02:3f", NAME="eth0"
EOF# 也可以执行下面命令
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
ETHMAC=`ip addr show ${ETHNANME} | awk -F' ' '/ether/{print $2}'`
cat >> /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules << EOF
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="${ETHMAC}", NAME="eth0"
EOF

    • 修改网卡配置文件： 创建 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 文件，并配置网卡参数，例如：

      ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-${ETHNAME} /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

  • Ubuntu和Debian：

    # Ubuntu和Debian先启用root用户，并设置密码
raymond@ubuntu2404:~$ cat set_root_login.sh 
#!/bin/bashread -p "请输入密码: " PASSWORD
echo ${PASSWORD} |sudo -S sed -ri 's@#(PermitRootLogin )prohibit-password@\1yes@' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo systemctl restart sshd
sudo -S passwd root <<-EOF
${PASSWORD}
${PASSWORD}
EOFraymond@ubuntu2404:~$ bash set_root_login.sh 
请输入密码: 123456
[sudo] password for raymond: New password: Retype new password: passwd: password updated successfully

    • 修改 GRUB 配置文件： 打开 /etc/default/grub 文件，添加以下内容到 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 行

      net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

      执行以下命令：

      sed -ri.bak '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s@"$@net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"@' /etc/default/grub

      然后更新 GRUB 配置：

      grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

      如果是 UEFI 引导系统，更新命令为：

      # Ubuntu
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg# Debian
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/debian/grub.cfg# UEFI 引导系统可以直接执行下面命令：
EFI_DIR=`find /boot/efi/ -name "grub.cfg" | awk -F"/" '{print $5}'`
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/${EFI_DIR}/grub.cfg

    • 修改网卡配置文件：

      # Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml# Ubuntu Server 22.04  LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
touch /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
cat > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg <<-EOF
network: {config: disabled}
EOF
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml# Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml# Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml# Debian
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/network/interfaces

  • 重启系统：

    reboot

    重启后，网卡名称将变为 eth0。

2.1.2 设置ip地址

ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`# IP变量是ip地址，PREFIX变量是子网掩码位数；GATEWAY变量是网关地址；PRIMARY_DNS变量是主DNS，BACKUP_DNS变量是备用DNS，根据自己的需求修改。
IP=10.0.0.10
PREFIX=20
GATEWAY=10.0.0.2
PRIMARY_DNS=223.5.5.5
BACKUP_DNS=180.76.76.76

Rocky Linux 9/10、Almalinux 9/10、CentOS Stream 9/10、AnolisOS 23、OpenCloudOS 9：

cat > /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/${ETHNAME}.nmconnection <<-EOF
[connection]
id=${ETHNAME}
type=ethernet
interface-name=${ETHNAME}[ipv4]
address1=${IP}/${PREFIX},${GATEWAY}
dns=${PRIMARY_DNS};${BACKUP_DNS};
method=manual
EOF

Rocky Linux 8、Almalinux 8、CentOS 7、CentOS Stream 8、openEuler 22.03和24.03 LTS、AnolisOS 8、OpenCloudOS 8、Kylin Server v10/v11、UOS Server v20：

cat > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-${ETHNAME} <<-EOF
NAME=${ETHNAME}
DEVICE=${ETHNAME}
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
TYPE=Ethernet
IPADDR=${IP}
PREFIX=${PREFIX}
GATEWAY=${GATEWAY}
DNS1=${PRIMARY_DNS}
DNS2=${BACKUP_DNS}
EOF

Ubuntu：

# Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS
cat > /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml <<-EOF
network:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:${ETHNAME}:dhcp4: nodhcp6: noaddresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}] gateway4: ${GATEWAY}nameservers:addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]# Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS
cat > /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml <<-EOF
network:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:${ETHNAME}:dhcp4: nodhcp6: noaddresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}] gateway4: ${GATEWAY}nameservers:addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]
EOF# Ubuntu Server 22.04/24.04 LTS
cat > /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml <<-EOF
network:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:${ETHNAME}:dhcp4: nodhcp6: noaddresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}]routes:- to: defaultvia: ${GATEWAY}nameservers:addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]
EOF

Debian：

sed -ri -e "s/allow-hotplug/auto/g" -e "s/dhcp/static/g" /etc/network/interfaces
sed -i '/static/a\address '${IP}'/'${PREFIX}'\ngateway '${GATEWAY}'\ndns-nameservers '${PRIMARY_DNS}' '${BACKUP_DNS}'\n' /etc/network/interfaces

openSUSE：

cat > /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-${ETHNAME} <<-EOF
STARTMODE='auto'
BOOTPROTO='static'
IPADDR='${IP}/${PREFIX}'
EOF
touch /etc/sysconfig/network/routes
cat > /etc/sysconfig/network/routes  <<-EOF
default ${GATEWAY} - -
EOF
sed -ri  's/(NETCONFIG_DNS_STATIC_SERVERS=).*/\1"'${PRIMARY_DNS}' '${BACKUP_DNS}'"/g' /etc/sysconfig/network/config

2.1.3 配置镜像源

Rocky：

# 阿里云镜像站Rocky系统镜像源地址是：mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux，火山引擎镜像站Rocky系统镜像源地址是：mirrors.volces.com/rockylinux，后面地址是rockylinux，使用下面命令执行
MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/rockylinux|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repo# 搜狐镜像站Rocky系统镜像源地址是：mirrors.sohu.com/Rocky，后面地址是Rocky，使用下面命令执行
MIRROR=mirrors.sohu.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/Rocky|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repo# 其余镜像站Rocky系统镜像源地址后面地址都是rocky，使用下面命令执行
MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/rocky|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

Almalinux：

MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(sed -rn '/^.*baseurl=/s@.*=http.*://(.*)/(.*)/\$releasever/.*/$@\1@p' /etc/yum.repos.d/almalinux*.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^# baseurl=https://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/almalinux*.repo

CentOS Stream 9和10：

cat update_mirror.pl
#!/usr/bin/perluse strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;# 要修改镜像源，请去修改url变量！
my $url = 'mirrors.aliyun.com';
my $mirrors = "https://$url/centos-stream";if (@ARGV < 1) {die "Usage: $0 <filename1> <filename2> ...\n";
}while (my $filename = shift @ARGV) {my $backup_filename = $filename . '.bak';rename $filename, $backup_filename;open my $input, "<", $backup_filename;open my $output, ">", $filename;while (<$input>) {s/^metalink/# metalink/;if (m/^name/) {my (undef, $repo, $arch) = split /-/;$repo =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;($arch = defined $arch ? lc($arch) : '') =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;if ($repo =~ /^Extras/) {$_ .= "baseurl=${mirrors}/SIGs/\$releasever-stream/extras" . ($arch eq 'source' ? "/${arch}/" : "/\$basearch/") . "extras-common\n";} else {$_ .= "baseurl=${mirrors}/\$releasever-stream/$repo" . ($arch eq 'source' ? "/" : "/\$basearch/") . ($arch ne '' ? "${arch}/tree/" : "os") . "\n";}}print $output $_;}
}rpm -q perl &> /dev/null || { echo -e "\\033[01;31m "安装perl工具,请稍等..."\033[0m";yum -y install perl ; }perl ./update_mirror.pl /etc/yum.repos.d/centos*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

CentOS Stream 8：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/centos-vault|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

CentOS 7：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OS_RELEASE_FULL_VERSION=`cat /etc/centos-release | sed -rn 's/^(CentOS Linux release )(.*)( \(Core\))/\2/p'`
sed -i.bak -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/centos-vault|g' -e "s/\$releasever/${OS_RELEASE_FULL_VERSION}/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repoyum clean all && yum makecache

Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -ri "s@^(URIs: )(http.*://)(.*)(/ubuntu).?@\1https://${MIRROR}\4@g" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sourcesapt update

Ubuntu Server 18.04/20.04/22.04 LTS：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/ubuntu/? $(lsb_release -cs) main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
SECURITY_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/ubuntu.* $(lsb_release -cs)-security main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
sed -i.bak -e 's@http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'@https://'${MIRROR}'@g' -e 's@http.*://'${SECURITY_MIRROR}'@https://'${MIRROR}'@g' /etc/apt/sources.listapt update

Debian：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/debian/? $(lsb_release -cs) main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
SECURITY_MIRROR=`sed -rn "s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/debian-security $(lsb_release -cs)-security main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
sed -ri.bak -e 's/'${OLD_MIRROR}'/'${MIRROR}'/g' -e 's/'${SECURITY_MIRROR}'/'${MIRROR}'/g' -e 's/^(deb cdrom.*)/#\1/g' /etc/apt/sources.listapt update

openEuler：

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/' '/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak -e 's|^metalink=|#metalink=|g' -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'/openeuler|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

AnolisOS:

OLD_MIRROR=$(sed -rn '/^.*baseurl=/s@.*=http.*://(.*)/(.*)/\$releasever/.*/$@\1@p' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repo | head -1)# 中国科学院软件研究所镜像站AnolisOS系统镜像源地址是：mirror.iscas.ac.cn/openanolis，后面地址是openanolis，使用下面命令执行
MIRROR=mirror.iscas.ac.cn
sed -i.bak -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/anolis|https://'${MIRROR}'/openanolis|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repo# 其余镜像站AnolisOS系统镜像源地址后面地址都是anolis，使用下面命令执行
MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
sed -i.bak -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/anolis|https://'${MIRROR}'/anolis|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

OpenCloudOS：

MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/' '/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/yum.repos.d/OpenCloudOS*.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak -e 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/OpenCloudOS*.repodnf clean all && dnf makecache

openSUSE:

MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/' '/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/zypp/repos.d/repo-*.repo | head -1)
sed -i.bak 's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'/opensuse|g' /etc/zypp/repos.d/repo-*.repozypper clean && zypper refresh

2.1.4 关闭防火墙

# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、openEuler、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、openSUSE、Kylin Server、UOS Server
systemctl disable --now firewalld# CentOS 7还要执行下面命令
systemctl disable --now NetworkManager# Ubuntu
systemctl disable --now ufw# Debian默认没有安装防火墙，不用设置

2.1.5 禁用SELinux

# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、openEuler、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、Kylin Server、UOS Server
setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config# Ubuntu、Debian和openSUSE默认没有安装SELinux，不用设置

2.1.6 禁用AppArmor

# openSUSE发行版默认不启用SELinux，而是使用AppArmor来提供强制访问控制（MAC）功能，需要禁用AppArmor。
systemctl disable --now apparmor

2.1.7 设置时区

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone# Ubuntu还要设置下面内容
cat >> /etc/default/locale <<-EOF
LC_TIME=en_DK.UTF-8
EOF

2.2 包安装

2.2.1 RHEL系列

2.2.1.1 Yum资源库安装MySQL
2.2.1.1.1 MySQL 8.0

在“Rocky 8/9、AlmaLinux 8/9、CentOS Stream 8/9、openEuler 22.03/24.03 LTS、AnolisOS 8/23、OpenCloudOS 8/9、Kylin Server v10、UOS Server v20”上安装MySQL：

[root@rocky9 ~]# yum list mysql-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:17 ago on Wed 01 Oct 2025 12:47:45 PM CST.
Available Packages
mysql-server.x86_64                                   8.0.43-1.el9_6                                    appstream[root@rocky9 ~]# yum install -y mysql-server[root@rocky9 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.[root@rocky9 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysqlauto.cnf        client-cert.pem      ibdata1         mysql.ibd            mysqlx.sock.lock     server-key.pembinlog.000001   client-key.pem       ibtmp1          mysql.sock           performance_schema   sysbinlog.index   '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'  '#innodb_redo'   mysql.sock.lock      private_key.pem      undo_001ca-key.pem     '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'  '#innodb_temp'   mysql_upgrade_info   public_key.pem       undo_002ca.pem          ib_buffer_pool       mysql           mysqlx.sock          server-cert.pem[root@rocky9 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.43 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)[root@rocky9 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL 8.0 database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-10-01 12:51:26 CST; 16s agoProcess: 10501 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-socket (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 10597 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-prepare-db-dir mysqld.service (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 13220 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 38 (limit: 10844)Memory: 457.0MCPU: 3.318sCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─13220 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usrOct 01 12:51:20 rocky9 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL 8.0 database server...
Oct 01 12:51:20 rocky9 mysql-prepare-db-dir[10597]: Initializing MySQL database
Oct 01 12:51:26 rocky9 systemd[1]: Started MySQL 8.0 database server.[root@rocky9 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.43 Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.0.43 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)Connection id:		8
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.0.43 Source distribution
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			1 min 21 secThreads: 2  Questions: 5  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 120  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 36  Queries per second avg: 0.061
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在“Kylin Server V11”上安装MySQL：

# Kylin Server V11上镜像源默认没有mysql的安装包，需要添加镜像源
[root@kylin11 ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo <<EOF
[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/9/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
EOF[root@kylin11 ~]# yum makecache[root@kylin11 ~]# yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Repository 'mysql' is missing name in configuration, using id.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:52 ago on Tue 30 Sep 2025 02:18:00 PM CST.
Available Packages
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.30-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.31-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.32-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.33-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.34-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.35-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.36-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.37-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.39-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.40-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.41-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.42-1.el9                                  mysql
mysql-community-server.x86_64                                 8.0.43-1.el9                                  mysql[root@kylin11 ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server[root@kylin11 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@kylin11 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysqlauto.cnf        client-cert.pem      ibdata1         mysql.ibd            public_key.pem    undo_002binlog.000001   client-key.pem       ibtmp1          mysql.sock           server-cert.pembinlog.index   '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'  '#innodb_redo'   mysql.sock.lock      server-key.pemca-key.pem     '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'  '#innodb_temp'   performance_schema   sysca.pem          ib_buffer_pool       mysql           private_key.pem      undo_001[root@kylin11 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.43 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)[root@kylin11 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Tue 2025-09-30 14:21:54 CST; 33s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 3256 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 3324 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 38 (limit: 8626)Memory: 410.0M ()CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─3324 /usr/sbin/mysqldSep 30 14:21:50 kylin11 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Sep 30 14:21:54 kylin11 (mysqld)[3324]: mysqld.service: Referenced but unset environment variable evaluates to a>
Sep 30 14:21:54 kylin11 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 获取MySQL初始密码
[root@kylin11 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-09-30T06:21:51.863671Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ncBFwl5LrR.Y
# "ncBFwl5LrR.Y"就是MySQL的初始密码# 修改mysql密码
[root@kylin11 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'ncBFwl5LrR.Y' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
# 上面报错提示密码太简单[root@kylin11 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'ncBFwl5LrR.Y' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.[root@kylin11 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.0.43 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.0.43 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		10
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.0.43 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			2 min 22 secThreads: 2  Questions: 11  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 140  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 56  Queries per second avg: 0.077
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在“CentOS 7”上安装MySQL：

# centos7上镜像源默认没有mysql的安装包，需要添加镜像源
[root@centos7 ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo <<EOF
[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
EOF[root@centos7 ~]# yum makecache[root@centos7 ~]# yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Packages
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.11-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.12-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.13-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.14-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.15-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.16-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.16-2.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.17-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.18-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.19-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.20-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.21-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.22-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.23-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.24-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.25-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.26-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.27-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.28-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.30-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.31-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.32-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.33-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.34-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.35-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.36-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.37-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.39-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.40-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.41-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.42-1.el7                            mysql80-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                           8.0.43-1.el7                            mysql80-community[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@centos7 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql
auto.cnf       ca.pem             #ib_16384_1.dblwr  #innodb_redo  mysql.sock          public_key.pem   undo_001
binlog.000001  client-cert.pem    ib_buffer_pool     #innodb_temp  mysql.sock.lock     server-cert.pem  undo_002
binlog.index   client-key.pem     ibdata1            mysql         performance_schema  server-key.pem
ca-key.pem     #ib_16384_0.dblwr  ibtmp1             mysql.ibd     private_key.pem     sys[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.43 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-10-01 21:00:20 CST; 57s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 1144 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 1210 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─1210 /usr/sbin/mysqldOct 01 21:00:15 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Oct 01 21:00:20 centos7 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 获取mysql初始密码
[root@centos7 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-10-01T13:00:17.714875Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: sq>;B<_Gj0B+
# "sq>;B<_Gj0B+"就是MySQL的初始密码# 修改mysql密码
[root@centos7 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'sq>;B<_Gj0B+' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'[root@centos7 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'sq>;B<_Gj0B+' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.43 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.0.43 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		9
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.0.43 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			2 min 2 secThreads: 2  Questions: 8  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 130  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 46  Queries per second avg: 0.065
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> exit
Bye
2.2.1.1.2 MySQL 8.4

在“Rocky 10、AlmaLinux 10和CentOS Stream 10”上安装MySQL：

[root@rocky10 ~]# yum list mysql*-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:05:14 ago on Wed 01 Oct 2025 01:34:43 PM CST.
Available Packages
mysql8.4-server.x86_64                                  8.4.4-2.el10                                    appstream
mysql8.4-server.x86_64                                  8.4.6-2.el10_0                                  appstream[root@rocky10 ~]# yum install -y mysql8.4-server[root@rocky10 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@rocky10 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysqlauto.cnf          client-key.pem      '#innodb_redo'     mysql_upgrade_history   public_key.pembinlog.000001    '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'  '#innodb_temp'     mysql_upgrade_info      server-cert.pembinlog.index     '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'   mysql             mysqlx.sock             server-key.pemca-key.pem        ib_buffer_pool       mysql.ibd         mysqlx.sock.lock        sysca.pem            ibdata1              mysql.sock        performance_schema      undo_001client-cert.pem   ibtmp1               mysql.sock.lock   private_key.pem         undo_002[root@rocky10 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.6 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)[root@rocky10 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL 8.4 database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-10-01 13:41:42 CST; 28s agoInvocation: f51300fb7d2d42faa53388d3f65cd5dbProcess: 1584 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-socket (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 1607 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-prepare-db-dir mysqld.service (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 1679 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 35 (limit: 10481)Memory: 432M (peak: 446.4M)CPU: 3.055sCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─1679 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usrOct 01 13:41:38 rocky10 systemd[1]: Starting mysqld.service - MySQL 8.4 database server...
Oct 01 13:41:38 rocky10 mysql-prepare-db-dir[1607]: Initializing MySQL database
Oct 01 13:41:42 rocky10 systemd[1]: Started mysqld.service - MySQL 8.4 database server.[root@rocky10 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.4.6 Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.6 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)Connection id:		8
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.6 Source distribution
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			52 secThreads: 2  Questions: 6  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 120  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 36  Queries per second avg: 0.115
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在"Rocky 8/9、AlmaLinux 8/9、CentOS Stream 8/9、openEuler 22.03/24.03 LTS、AnolisOS 8/23、OpenCloudOS 8/9、Kylin Server v10/v11、UOS Server v20"上安装MySQL：

去“https://www.mysql.com/”网站下载，选择“DOWNLOADS”，如图2所示。

t2

图2 下载Yum仓库包

选择“MySQL Community (GPL) Downloads”，如图3所示。

t3

图3 下载Yum仓库包

选择“MySQL Yum Repository（MySQL Yum资源库）”，如图4所示。

t4

图4 下载Yum仓库包

然后根据系统版本下载相应的安装包，如图5所示。

t5

图5 下载Yum仓库包

在“Rocky 9、AlmaLinux 9、CentOS Stream 9、openEuler 24.03 LTS、AnolisOS 23、OpenCloudOS 9、Kylin Server v11”上安装MySQL：

方法1：下载官方yum仓库安装包，并安装

# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、Kylin Server默认没有wget包，需要安装
yum install -y wget[root@rocky9 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm[root@rocky9 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql84-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm# 替换国内镜像源
sed -i.bak 's|http://repo.mysql.com|https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community*.repo

方法2：添加镜像源

[root@rocky9 ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo <<EOF
[mysql-8.4-lts-community]
name=MySQL 8.4 LTS Community Server
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-8.4-community/el/9/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
EOF

继续安装MySQL：

[root@rocky9 ~]# yum makecache[root@rocky9 ~]# yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:09 ago on Wed 01 Oct 2025 02:09:04 PM CST.
Available Packages
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.0-1.el9                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.2-1.el9                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.3-1.el9                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.4-1.el9                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.5-1.el9                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.6-1.el9                         mysql-8.4-lts-community[root@rocky9 ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server[root@rocky9 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@rocky9 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysqlauto.cnf        client-cert.pem      ibdata1         mysql.ibd               private_key.pem   undo_001binlog.000001   client-key.pem       ibtmp1          mysql.sock              public_key.pem    undo_002binlog.index   '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'  '#innodb_redo'   mysql.sock.lock         server-cert.pemca-key.pem     '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'  '#innodb_temp'   mysql_upgrade_history   server-key.pemca.pem          ib_buffer_pool       mysql           performance_schema      sys[root@rocky9 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.6 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)[root@rocky9 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-10-01 14:10:09 CST; 23s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 12982 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 13160 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 35 (limit: 10844)Memory: 434.4MCPU: 3.117sCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─13160 /usr/sbin/mysqldOct 01 14:10:04 rocky9 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Oct 01 14:10:09 rocky9 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 获取MySQL初始密码
[root@rocky9 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-10-01T06:10:06.123825Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: %1i8Dj&l#dei
# "%1i8Dj&l#dei"就是MySQL的初始密码# 修改mysql密码
[root@rocky9 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'%1i8Dj&l#dei' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
# 上面报错提示密码太简单[root@rocky9 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'%1i8Dj&l#dei' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.[root@rocky9 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.4.6 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.6 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		9
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.6 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			1 min 23 secThreads: 2  Questions: 9  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 130  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 46  Queries per second avg: 0.108
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在“Rocky 8、AlmaLinux 8、CentOS Stream 8、AnolisOS 8、OpenCloudOS 8”上安装MySQL：

方法1：下载官方yum仓库安装包，并安装

# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、Kylin Server默认没有wget包，需要安装
yum install -y wget[root@rocky8 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm[root@rocky8 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm# 替换国内镜像源
sed -i.bak 's|http://repo.mysql.com|https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community*.repo

方法2：添加镜像源

[root@rocky8 ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql.repo <<EOF
[mysql-8.4-lts-community]
name=MySQL 8.4 LTS Community Server
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-8.4-community/el/8/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
EOF

继续安装MySQL：

[root@rocky8 ~]# yum makecache[root@rocky8 ~]# yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:43 ago on Sat 12 Apr 2025 11:29:44 PM CST.
Error: No matching Packages to list
# 找不到安装包# 禁用默认的mysql模块
[root@rocky8 ~]# yum module -y disable mysql[root@rocky8 ~]# yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:21 ago on Tue 30 Sep 2025 05:14:06 PM CST.
Available Packages
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.0-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.2-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.3-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.4-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.5-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.6-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community[root@rocky8 ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server[root@rocky8 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@rocky8 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysqlauto.cnf        client-cert.pem      ibdata1         mysql.ibd               private_key.pem   undo_001binlog.000001   client-key.pem       ibtmp1          mysql.sock              public_key.pem    undo_002binlog.index   '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'  '#innodb_redo'   mysql.sock.lock         server-cert.pemca-key.pem     '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'  '#innodb_temp'   mysql_upgrade_history   server-key.pemca.pem          ib_buffer_pool       mysql           performance_schema      sys[root@rocky8 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.6 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)[root@rocky8 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Tue 2025-09-30 17:16:45 CST; 30s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 11790 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 11856 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 35 (limit: 10941)Memory: 437.4MCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─11856 /usr/sbin/mysqldSep 30 17:16:40 rocky8 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Sep 30 17:16:45 rocky8 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 获取MySQL初始密码
[root@rocky8 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-09-30T09:16:41.829874Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: )Faks7D=N>(e
# ")Faks7D=N>(e"就是MySQL的初始密码# 修改mysql密码
[root@rocky8 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p')Faks7D=N>(e' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
# 上面报错提示密码太简单[root@rocky8 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p')Faks7D=N>(e' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.[root@rocky8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.4.6 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.6 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		11
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.6 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			2 min 8 secThreads: 2  Questions: 12  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 140  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 56  Queries per second avg: 0.093
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在“openEuler 22.03 LTS、Kylin Server v10、UOS Server v20”上安装MySQL：

方法1：下载官方yum仓库安装包，并安装

# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、Kylin Server默认没有wget包，需要安装
yum install -y wget[root@openeuler22 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm[root@openeuler22 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm# 替换国内镜像源
sed -i.bak 's|http://repo.mysql.com|https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community*.repo

方法2：添加镜像源

[root@openeuler22 ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql.repo <<EOF
[mysql-8.4-lts-community]
name=MySQL 8.4 LTS Community Server
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-8.4-community/el/8/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
EOF

继续安装MySQL：

[root@openeuler22 ~]# yum makecache[root@openeuler22 ~]# yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:49 ago on Wed 01 Oct 2025 02:17:26 PM CST.
Available Packages
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.0-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.2-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.3-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.4-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.5-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.6-1.el8                         mysql-8.4-lts-community[root@openeuler22 ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server[root@openeuler22 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@openeuler22 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysqlauto.cnf        client-cert.pem      ibdata1         mysql.ibd               private_key.pem   undo_001binlog.000001   client-key.pem       ibtmp1          mysql.sock              public_key.pem    undo_002binlog.index   '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'  '#innodb_redo'   mysql.sock.lock         server-cert.pemca-key.pem     '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'  '#innodb_temp'   mysql_upgrade_history   server-key.pemca.pem          ib_buffer_pool       mysql           performance_schema      sys[root@openeuler22 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.6 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)[root@openeuler22 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-10-01 14:20:27 CST; 1min 52s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 1746 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 1811 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 34 (limit: 8944)Memory: 436.7MCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─ 1811 /usr/sbin/mysqldOct 01 14:20:23 openeuler22 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Oct 01 14:20:27 openeuler22 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 获取MySQL初始密码
[root@openeuler22 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-10-01T06:20:24.661048Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lpMLhfZ4%*gX
# "lpMLhfZ4%*gX"就是MySQL的初始密码# 修改mysql密码
[root@openeuler22 ~]#  mysqladmin -uroot -p'lpMLhfZ4%*gX' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
# 上面报错提示密码太简单[root@openeuler22 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'lpMLhfZ4%*gX' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.[root@openeuler22 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.4.6 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.6 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		9
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.6 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			2 min 50 secThreads: 2  Questions: 9  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 130  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 46  Queries per second avg: 0.052
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye

在“CentOS 7”上安装MySQL：

方法1：下载官方yum仓库安装包，并安装

# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、Kylin Server默认没有wget包，需要安装
[root@centos7 ~]# yum install -y wget[root@centos7 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql84-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm# 替换国内镜像源
sed -i.bak 's|http://repo.mysql.com|https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community*.repo

方法2：添加镜像源

[root@centos7 ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql.repo <<EOF
[mysql-8.4-lts-community]
name=MySQL 8.4 LTS Community Server
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-8.4-community/el/7/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/mysql/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
EOF

继续安装MySQL：

[root@centos7 ~]# yum makecache[root@centos7 ~]# yum list mysql-community-server --showduplicates
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Packages
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.0-1.el7                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.2-1.el7                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.3-1.el7                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.4-1.el7                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.5-1.el7                         mysql-8.4-lts-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64                         8.4.6-1.el7                         mysql-8.4-lts-community[root@centos7 ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld[root@centos7 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql
auto.cnf       client-cert.pem    ibdata1       mysql.ibd              private_key.pem  undo_001
binlog.000001  client-key.pem     ibtmp1        mysql.sock             public_key.pem   undo_002
binlog.index   #ib_16384_0.dblwr  #innodb_redo  mysql.sock.lock        server-cert.pem
ca-key.pem     #ib_16384_1.dblwr  #innodb_temp  mysql_upgrade_history  server-key.pem
ca.pem         ib_buffer_pool     mysql         performance_schema     sys[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.4.6 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-10-01 22:34:48 CST; 27s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 1148 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 1212 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─1212 /usr/sbin/mysqldOct 01 22:34:43 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Oct 01 22:34:48 centos7 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.# 获取mysql初始密码
[root@centos7 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-10-01T14:34:45.284547Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: y2rAF8a-w_9=
# “y2rAF8a-w_9=”就是mysql的初始密码# 修改mysql密码
[root@centos7 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'y2rAF8a-w_9=' password 123456
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysqladmin: unable to change password; error: 'Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements'
# 上面报错提示密码太简单[root@centos7 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'y2rAF8a-w_9=' password Raymond@2025
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Raymond@2025'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.4.6 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.6 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:		9
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.6 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			1 min 24 secThreads: 2  Questions: 9  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 130  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 46  Queries per second avg: 0.107
--------------mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> exit
Bye
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