Agentic Schemas:构建未来多智能体协作架构的实践蓝图
“The future belongs to systems that can coordinate multiple specialized agents to solve complex problems that no single agent could handle alone.”
这句富有洞察力的话深刻预示了人工智能发展的下一站:从单一智能体的强大,迈向多智能体网络的协同涌现。在当前大模型(LLM)能力日益强大的背景下,如何有效组织、调度和优化这些智能体,使其高效协作以应对真实世界的复杂挑战,成为了AI领域亟待解决的核心问题。
大型语言模型(LLM)的兴起极大地拓展了AI的能力边界,但单个LLM在处理复杂、多步骤、跨领域或需要持续交互的任务时,仍面临规划、记忆、工具使用和长程一致性等挑战。这激发了“Agent”概念的复兴——将LLM包装成具有感知、思考、行动和记忆能力的自主实体。然而,当多个智能体需要共同解决一个宏大问题时,一个更深层次的挑战浮现:高效、鲁棒、可扩展的多智能体协调架构。
本文将深度解析Agentic Schemas
框架,一套为多智能体协调而设计的实战架构。它不仅提供了可立即实施的“认知工具”和“协议外壳”,更通过标准化的“模式模板”,为您揭示构建可伸缩、高鲁棒性智能体网络的实践路径。无论您是系统架构师、AI开发者,还是对未来智能生态充满好奇的探索者,本文都将为您提供一份从理论到实战,涵盖架构设计、实现细节、性能优化与故障恢复的权威指南,助您驾驭多智能体协作的未来。
通过本文,您将:
- 全面理解Agentic Schemas的架构构成、设计哲学与核心优势。
- 掌握框架提供的各项“认知工具”的具体功能与实现思路。
- 深入洞察“协调协议外壳”如何驱动复杂多智能体工作流。
- 学会利用“智能体模式模板”标准化您的智能体定义与协作规范。
- 通过详细实训案例,了解如何将理论付诸实践。
- 探索性能优化、错误处理与系统集成的最佳实践。
1. 架构概览与目标:Agentic Schemas的宏观蓝图
Agentic Schemas框架旨在解决多智能体系统在复杂任务场景中的核心痛点:如何有效地组织、管理、协调和优化一组具备不同能力的AI智能体。它提供了一套系统化的方法论和可操作的组件,将多智能体协作的挑战转化为可管理的工程问题。
核心价值:
- 标准化与可复用性: 通过Schema和模块化的工具,提高智能体及协调逻辑的复用性。
- 可扩展性与灵活性: 架构松耦合,易于集成新智能体和调整协调策略。
- 鲁棒性与韧性: 内置错误处理、冲突解决和动态伸缩机制,提升系统稳定性。
- 透明性与可观测性: 协调协议和监控工具提供对智能体行为的清晰洞察。
- 效率与自动化: 智能化的任务委托、智能体选择和工作流编排,最大化系统吞吐量。
架构图详解
该架构图直观地展示了Agentic Schemas的层次化设计与模块化组件。整体而言,它分为以下几个关键部分:
1.协调领域 (Coordination Field):这是架构的“大脑”,负责高层次的智能体管理和决策。
* 委托模型 (Delegation Model):负责将复杂任务分解并智能地分配给适当的智能体或智能体组合。它考虑任务要求、智能体能力、资源约束等因素。
* 智能体选择器 (Agent Selector):根据任务需求和智能体池中的可用智能体,运用多标准决策分析来挑选最匹配的智能体。
* 监控模型 (Monitoring Model):持续跟踪智能体的性能、任务进度和系统健康状况,识别潜在问题并提供实时反馈。
* 伸缩模型 (Scaling Model):根据系统负载和性能指标,动态地增加或减少智能体资源,以优化效率和成本。
* 模型间交互: 这些模型并非孤立,它们相互作用,例如委托模型可能会咨询智能体选择器来决定最佳智能体,并依赖监控模型来跟踪任务执行情况,从而为伸缩模型提供决策依据。
2.智能体协调工具 (Agent Coordination Tools):这是框架的“工具箱”,包含了实现各种协调功能的模块化认知工具。它们是可插拔、可复用的软件组件,封装了特定的协调逻辑。
* delegation_tool
: 实现任务分解和分派逻辑。
* coordination_protocol
: 设计和执行智能体间的通信和同步规则。
* conflict_resolution
: 处理智能体间资源争用或认知冲突。
* performance_monitor
: 收集、分析和报告智能体性能数据。
* agent_selection
: 运行智能体匹配和选择算法。
* task_allocation
: 管理具体任务到智能体的映射。
* load_balancing
: 平衡智能体之间工作负载。
* quality_assurance
: 确保各智能体输出的质量符合标准。
这些工具由协调领域中的模型调用,以执行具体的协调操作。
3.协调协议外壳 (Coordination Protocol Shells):这些是预定义的、结构化的协作流程模板。它们是智能体协调的“脚本”,定义了一系列有序的步骤和子过程,指导智能体网络的行为。例如,/agents.coordinate{...}
定义了一个通用的协调执行流。这些协议外壳会调用底层的协调工具来完成其步骤。
4.智能体集成层 (Agent Integration Layer):这是架构的“接口”,负责将抽象的协调逻辑与具体的智能体实现进行桥接。
* 任务分解和分配: 将协调协议中定义的任务具体化,并传递给相应的智能体。
* 智能体能力匹配: 确保所选智能体的实际能力与任务要求一致。
* 实时协调协议: 维护智能体间的实时通信和数据交换。
* 性能监控和优化: 收集智能体的运行数据并反馈给监控模型。
* 冲突解决和恢复: 在底层智能体层面处理错误和协调失败。
七大协调功能深度解析
此架构提供了多达七种关键的协调功能,它们共同构成了高效智能体网络的基石:
1.任务委托 (Task Delegation):
* 定义: 智能地将复杂任务分解为更小的、可管理的子任务,并根据智能体的能力、当前负载、优先级和资源约束,将这些子任务分配给最合适的智能体或智能体群。
* 核心: 优化工作流,提高整体任务完成效率。这包括任务分析、需求映射、能力匹配、资源规划和任务调度等环节。
2.智能体选择 (Agent Selection):
* 定义: 在可用的智能体池中,基于任务的具体要求、智能体的专业技能、历史表现、可用性、成本效益等多个维度,选择最佳的智能体组合。
* 核心: 确保每个任务都由最胜任且资源可用的智能体执行,从而保证质量和效率。
3.协调管理 (Coordination Management):
* 定义: 编排复杂的、多阶段的多智能体工作流,建立明确的通信路径、数据交换协议和同步机制,确保智能体之间能够无缝协作。
* 核心: 维护系统 coherence,避免信息孤岛和协作混乱,实现整体目标。
4.性能监控 (Performance Monitoring):
* 定义: 持续跟踪智能体的运行状态、任务进度、资源利用率以及整个智能体网络的宏观性能指标(如吞吐量、响应时间、错误率)。
* 核心: 实时洞察系统健康,及早发现瓶颈、异常和潜在故障,为优化和决策提供数据支持。
5.冲突解决 (Conflict Resolution):
* 定义: 当智能体之间因资源争用、任务依赖冲突、知识不一致或决策分歧而产生矛盾时,系统能够自动或半自动地识别、分析并解决这些冲突。
* 核心: 维护系统稳定性,防止冲突升级导致任务中断或失败,确保协作流程的顺畅。
6.动态伸缩 (Dynamic Scaling):
* 定义: 根据实时工作负载的需求、系统性能指标和可用资源,智能地调整智能体网络的规模,包括增加、减少或重新分配智能体实例。
* 核心: 优化资源利用率,适应波动的业务需求,同时控制运营成本。
7.质量保障 (Quality Assurance):
* 定义: 在智能体生成输出的各个阶段实施质量检查点和验证机制,确保最终交付的成果符合预设的质量标准和用户期望。
* 核心: 维护智能体系统产出的可靠性和准确性,建立信任,减少人工干预的需求。
2. 理论基础:构建智能体协调的认知基石
Agentic Schemas框架并非空中楼阁,其设计深受现代AI理论和认知科学原理的启发。理解这些理论基础有助于我们更深刻地把握框架的内在逻辑和设计精髓。
2.1 三阶段智能体协调:从抽象到执行的认知流
三阶段智能体协调模型是Agentic Schemas处理复杂任务的核心范式,它将一个宏大的协调问题拆解为三个连续且递进的认知处理阶段,与经典的符号处理架构(Symbolic Processing Architecture)有着异曲同工之妙。符号处理架构强调智能通过对符号的表示、操作和推理来解决问题,Agentic Schemas则将这一思想映射到智能体协调过程中。
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ THREE-STAGE AGENT COORDINATION ARCHITECTURE │
├─────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Processing Stage │ Agent Coordination Parallel │
├─────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 1. Task Abstraction │ 1. Requirement Analysis │
│ Convert complex tasks │ Breaking down complex tasks │
│ into symbolic variables │ into manageable components │
│ │ and capability requirements │
├─────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 2. Agent Induction │ 2. Agent Matching │
│ Pattern recognition │ Matching agent capabilities │
│ for optimal assignment │ to task requirements and │
│ │ identifying collaboration patterns │
├─────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 3. Coordination Execution │ 3. Workflow Orchestration │
│ Execute coordination │ Implementing delegation decisions │
│ decisions through │ and managing agent interactions │
│ structured protocols │ through structured protocols │
└─────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────┘
并行映射与深度解析:
1.第一阶段:任务抽象 <-> 需求分析 (Requirement Analysis)
* 符号处理视角: 在符号处理中,这一阶段将原始的、复杂的数据或问题描述抽象成更简洁、规范的符号表示。例如,将一篇自然语言文本转化为逻辑谓词、概念图谱或结构化的数据模型。
* 智能体协调视角: 对应到智能体协调,系统需要将用户提供的、通常是高层次的、模糊不清的复杂任务(如“写一篇关于AI伦理的报告”)进行抽象化处理。
* 具体操作: 任务分解算法会将“写报告”分解为“收集数据”、“分析数据”、“起草报告”、“编辑润色”、“审核发布”等子任务。
* 关键产物: 定义每个子任务的明确目标、输入、输出、依赖关系、所需技能集、预期时限和质量标准。这些都被转化为结构化的“符号”(即任务模式或任务需求清单),便于后续阶段的智能处理。
* 目标: 识别并明确解决复杂任务所需的全部能力和资源,构建一个可供智能体理解和操作的任务模型。
2.第二阶段:智能体归纳 <-> 智能体匹配 (Agent Matching)
* 符号处理视角: 这一阶段是对抽象符号进行模式识别和规则学习,以发现其内在的结构、关系或规律。通过归纳(Induction),从具体实例中抽取出普遍性的知识。
* 智能体协调视角: 将第一阶段产出的结构化任务需求,与智能体池中所有可用智能体的能力、状态和历史性能进行匹配。
* 具体操作:
* 能力映射: 将任务所需的技能与智能体的primary_skills
和secondary_skills
进行精确匹配。这可能涉及本体论匹配或基于嵌入的语义相似度计算。
* 资源与约束检查: 考虑智能体的processing_capacity
(并发任务数、平均耗时)、availability
(忙碌状态、负载、日程安排)以及其他(如成本、安全性)约束。
* 协作模式识别: 识别哪些智能体组合在一起能形成最高效的协作模式(例如,一个研究专家和一个写作专家)。它不仅仅是简单的“一对一”匹配,而是寻找“多对多”的优化组合。
* 关键产物: 一个或多个“候选智能体组合”及其对应的“任务分配方案”,同时评估其可行性和潜在风险。
3.第三阶段:协调执行 <-> 工作流编排 (Workflow Orchestration)
* 符号处理视角: 在此阶段,基于前两阶段的推理和模式识别结果,系统会生成并执行具体的决策或动作序列。这通常涉及将高层计划转化为低层操作指令。
* 智能体协调视角: 将第二阶段确定的最佳智能体组合和任务分配方案付诸实施。
* 具体操作:
* 启动与委托: 激活所有被选中的智能体,并将各自的子任务、输入数据、截止日期和质量标准正式委托给它们。
* 协议建立: 部署coordination_protocol_tool
来建立智能体之间明确的通信通道、数据交换格式和同步点。例如,定义“研究员完成任务后如何通知撰稿人,并传递数据”。
* 实时监控与调整: 在整个执行过程中,performance_monitoring_tool
会持续跟踪各智能体的进度和性能。如果出现偏差、瓶颈或冲突,conflict_resolution_tool
和scaling_model
可以介入,进行实时调整或干预。
* 核心: 确保整个智能体网络按照预定的计划高效、有序地运作,并对突发情况做出响应。
通过这种三阶段模型,Agentic Schemas将一个看似无序的多智能体协作问题,转化为一个结构化、可分析、可管理的工程流程,极大地提升了复杂任务处理的效率和成功率。
2.2 智能体协调的认知工具:模块化能力的封装
在Agentic Schemas框架中,“认知工具”是其核心构建模块,它们是对智能体网络中特定协调能力的高层次封装。每一个认知工具都是一个独立的、可调用的函数或服务,它模拟了人类在解决复杂问题时所依赖的“认知功能”(如规划、决策、监控等),但专为智能体协调设计。
def agent_delegation_tool(task, available_agents, constraints=None):"""Delegate a complex task to appropriate agents based on capabilities and constraints.Args:task (dict): Task specification with requirements and constraints. (e.g., {"name": "Generate Marketing Report", "skills_required": ["data_analysis", "report_writing"], "deadline": "2024-12-31"})available_agents (list): List of available agents with their capabilities. (e.g., [{"id": "AgentA", "skills": ["data_analysis"], "load": 0.2}, {"id": "AgentB", "skills": ["report_writing"], "load": 0.5}])constraints (dict, optional): Optional constraints (time, resources, quality). Defaults to None.Returns:dict: Structured delegation plan with agent assignments and coordination details."""# 协议外壳:定义了此认知工具的执行意图、输入、处理流程和预期输出# 这是一个高层次的计划,指导工具内部的执行逻辑protocol_shell = f"""/agents.delegate{{intent="Intelligently delegate task to optimal agent combination",input={{task={json.dumps(task, ensure_ascii=False)}, # 任务详细规格available_agents={json.dumps(available_agents, ensure_ascii=False)}, # 可用智能体池constraints={json.dumps(constraints, ensure_ascii=False) if constraints else "{}"} # 可选约束条件}},process=[/analyze{{action="Break down task into components and requirements", description="利用自然语言处理或规则引擎将复杂任务拆解成可执行的子任务,并明确每个子任务的依赖和需求。"}},/match{{action="Match task requirements to agent capabilities", description="根据子任务需求,查询智能体能力库,进行初步筛选和匹配。"}},/optimize{{action="Find optimal agent assignment configuration", description="运用优化算法(如贪婪算法、遗传算法或线性规划)找到最能满足所有约束(时间、资源、质量)的智能体分配方案。"}},/allocate{{action="Assign specific tasks to selected agents", description="基于优化结果,为每个选定智能体分配具体的子任务及其详细职责。"}},/coordinate{{action="Establish communication and synchronization protocols", description="为被分配的智能体生成定制化的通信协议和同步点,确保协作顺畅。"}}],output={{delegation_plan="Detailed plan for task execution", # 包含所有子任务、责任智能体、依赖、时间表等agent_assignments="Specific agent roles and responsibilities", # 每个智能体的详细职责清单coordination_protocol="Communication and synchronization plan", # 特定于此任务的通信和同步方案success_metrics="Key performance indicators for tracking", # 衡量任务成功的关键指标fallback_strategies="Backup plans for potential failures" # 预防性失败处理策略}}}}"""# 实际的工具逻辑将在收到 protocol_shell 后由一个执行器 (Executor) 解析并运行# 以下为概念性实现,展示其可能的工作流# 步骤1: 任务分析与分解print(f"Executing: analyze task {task['name']}...")subtasks = break_down_task(task) # 假设存在一个函数来分解任务requirements_per_subtask = get_requirements_for_subtasks(subtasks)# 步骤2: 智能体匹配print("Executing: match task requirements to agent capabilities...")candidate_assignments = match_agent_capabilities(requirements_per_subtask, available_agents)# 步骤3: 优化分配配置print("Executing: optimize agent assignment configuration...")optimal_plan = find_optimal_assignment(candidate_assignments, constraints) # 智能体分配优化算法# 步骤4: 分配具体任务print("Executing: allocate specific tasks to selected agents...")agent_assignments = create_agent_assignments(optimal_plan)# 步骤5: 建立协调协议 (可能调用 coordination_protocol_tool)print("Executing: establish communication and synchronization protocols...")coordination_details = establish_coordination_for_plan(optimal_plan) # 假设存在一个函数来建立协调细节delegation_plan = {"task_id": generate_task_id(),"original_task": task["name"],"subtasks": subtasks,"agent_assignments": agent_assignments,"coordination_details": coordination_details,"estimated_completion_time": calculate_total_time(optimal_plan),"success_metrics": ["completion_rate", "quality_score"], # 示例KPIs"fallback_strategies": ["reallocate_on_failure", "escalate_to_human"]}print(f"Delegation plan generated for task {task['name']}:\n{delegation_plan}")return delegation_plan# 辅助函数 (概念性)
def break_down_task(task):# 模拟复杂任务分解逻辑if "Generate Marketing Report" in task["name"]:return [{"name": "Collect Market Data", "skills": ["data_collection"], "priority": 1},{"name": "Analyze Data", "skills": ["data_analysis"], "priority": 2},{"name": "Draft Report Sections", "skills": ["report_writing"], "priority": 3},{"name": "Review and Edit", "skills": ["editing", "quality_control"], "priority": 4}]return [{"name": task["name"], "skills": task["skills_required"], "priority": 1}]def get_requirements_for_subtasks(subtasks):# 根据子任务获取详细需求return {st["name"]: {"skills_required": st["skills"], "priority": st["priority"]} for st in subtasks}def match_agent_capabilities(requirements_per_subtask, available_agents):# 模拟智能体能力匹配matches = {}for subtask_name, reqs in requirements_per_subtask.items():candidates = []for agent in available_agents:if all(s in agent["skills"] for s in reqs["skills_required"]):candidates.append(agent["id"])matches[subtask_name] = candidatesreturn matchesdef find_optimal_assignment(candidate_assignments, constraints):# 模拟复杂的优化算法,可能考虑并行度、依赖、智能体负载、成本等# 实际系统中,这会是一个复杂的规划和调度问题if "Generate Marketing Report_Analyze Data" in candidate_assignments and "AgentA" in candidate_assignments["Generate Marketing Report_Analyze Data"]:# 简化示例,实际会更复杂return {"Collect Market Data": "AgentC", # 假设有AgentC"Analyze Data": "AgentA","Draft Report Sections": "AgentB","Review and Edit": "AgentD" # 假设有AgentD}return {"Default Task": "GeneralistAgent"}def create_agent_assignments(optimal_plan):# 将优化结果转化为具体的代理分配assignments = []for subtask, agent_id in optimal_plan.items():assignments.append({"subtask": subtask, "agent_id": agent_id, "responsibilities": f"Execute {subtask}"})return assignmentsdef establish_coordination_for_plan(optimal_plan):# 模拟调用coordination_protocol_tool来建立通信return {"communication_channels": {"AgentA-AgentB": "direct_message", "AgentC-AgentA": "shared_db"},"synchronization_points": {"Analyze Data_completed": "Notify Draft Report Sections"}}def calculate_total_time(optimal_plan):# 模拟时间计算return "72 hours"def generate_task_id():import uuidreturn f"TASK-{str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]}"import json # 用于json.dumps
封装与抽象: 认知工具的关键在于其将底层复杂的算法、模型调用和业务逻辑封装起来,对外提供一个简洁、意图明确的接口。例如,agent_delegation_tool
无需关心任务分解的具体机器学习模型,也无需知道智能体能力匹配的底层数据库查询逻辑,它只关心如何接收任务、智能体池和约束,并返回一个优化的委托计划。
可插拔与可复用: 这种模块化设计使得认知工具能够像乐高积木一样,在不同的协调协议和工作流中被复用。如果需要改进任务分解算法,只需更新break_down_task
函数内部逻辑,而不影响其他工具。
协议外壳 (Protocol Shell) 的作用:
在上述伪代码中,protocol_shell
字符串是理解认知工具运作机制的关键。它定义了:
intent
: 工具的明确意图和目标。input
: 工具所需的输入参数及其结构。process
: 工具内部执行的一系列高层次步骤(analyze
,match
,optimize
,allocate
,coordinate
)。每个步骤都有简要的action
和详细的description
,这使得工具的执行逻辑透明且可追溯。output
: 工具执行完毕后预期产出的结果及其结构。
协议外壳不仅是文档,它更是一种可被框架解析和执行的元指令。一个通用的执行器(Executor)可以读取这个protocol_shell
,然后根据其中定义的process
步骤,依次调用内部的(或AI大模型生成的)子功能来完成任务。这使得框架本身具有元编程的能力,能够动态地编排和执行基于意图的复杂流程。
2.3 智能体网络的记忆整合:MEM1驱动的经验学习
在多智能体系统中,有效的记忆管理是实现高效协调和持续优化的关键。传统的记忆管理方式,如存储所有通信日志和动作记录,往往导致“记忆膨胀”和“信息过载”,使得系统决策缓慢,难以从历史经验中有效学习。Agentic Schemas框架借鉴了MEM1原则,这是一种强调记忆的压缩、整合与模式学习的机制,以克服这些挑战。
MEM1原则核心思想:
MEM1(Memory-based Learning for Multilabel Classification)原本是一种机器学习方法,但其背后关于“从大量数据中提取核心模式并用于未来决策”的思想深深地影响了Agentic Schemas的记忆设计。概括来说,MEM1强调:
1.模式学习与压缩: 不存储原始的、冗余的数据,而是学习数据中的潜在模式和共性,并用这些模式来表示经验。
2.决策精炼: 从历史决策中提炼出成功的策略和规则,而非简单回溯所有决策步骤。
3.预测性规划: 基于学习到的模式,预测未来情境并进行前瞻性规划。
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ AGENT COORDINATION MEMORY CONSOLIDATION │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ 传统多智能体记忆模式 MEM1-Inspired协调记忆模式 │
│ ┌───────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ ■ 存储所有消息 │ │ ■ 整合协调模式 │ │
│ │ ■ 追踪所有动作 │ │ ■ 压缩决策过程 │ │
│ │ ■ 维护原始日志 │ │ ■ 保留关键洞察 │ │
│ │ ■ 引用全部历史 │ │ ■ 优化协调决策 │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ └───────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌───────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │
│ │ 问题: │ │ 优势: │ │
│ │ • 记忆膨胀 │ │ • 高效记忆利用 │ │
│ │ • 协调迟缓 │ │ • 快速决策制定 │ │
│ │ • 信息过载 │ │ • 学习协同模式 │ │
│ └───────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Agentic Schemas如何将MEM1应用于协调记忆:
1.历史协调模式的整合 (Consolidate patterns):
* Agentic Schemas不会简单地存储每次任务委托或冲突解决的原始日志。
* 相反,它会分析大量的历史协调记录,识别出成功的协调模式(例如,在特定任务类型下,某个智能体组合总是表现最佳;或者某个冲突解决策略总是能迅速化解矛盾)。
* 这些模式可能以知识图谱、规则集或参数化的策略模型的形式存储,而非原始数据。例如,一个“内容创作工作流”在遇到“编辑与审核”冲突时,往往通过“优先采纳资深审阅者意见,并由写作智能体修订前三稿”这种模式能够高效解决,系统就会学习并存储这种模式。
2.决策过程的压缩 (Compress decisions):
* 每次agent_delegation_tool
或conflict_resolution_tool
做出决策后,系统不会保留所有中间计算步骤。
* 它会将决策的输入、最终决策结果以及导致该决策的关键因素进行压缩并存储。
* 例如,在智能体选择时,系统只会记录“任务X选择了智能体A和B,因为它们技能匹配度高且负载低”,而不会记录所有候选智能体的评分细节和每一次迭代优化过程。
3.关键洞察的保留 (Retain key insights):
* 系统会主动提取高价值的“经验教训”和“最佳实践”,并以知识点的形式存储。
* 例如,当某个智能体在特定类型的任务中意外失败时,系统会记录失败原因和采取的恢复措施,并将此作为未来决策的参考点。这些洞察可以指导optimization_recommendations
或fallback_strategies
的生成。
4.优化协调决策 (Optimize coordination):
* 通过学习和记忆这些整合后的模式和压缩的决策,Agentic Schemas能够不断优化其协调策略。
* agent_selection_tool
可以从历史数据中学习哪些智能体组合在哪些条件下表现最优。
* conflict_resolution_tool
可以根据历史冲突解决的成功率,优先推荐有效的策略。
* performance_monitoring_tool
可以通过识别长期趋势和模式,更准确地预测未来的性能瓶颈并提出预警。
案例:学习历史协调成功的模式,优化未来的任务委托和冲突解决。
假设Agentic Schemas管理着一个数年的“市场分析报告生成”任务。初期,agent_delegation_tool
可能随机组合“数据分析智能体A”和“报告撰写智能体B”。但通过MEM1驱动的记忆整合:
- 模式学习: 系统发现,当“数据分析智能体C”与“报告撰写智能体D”组合时,报告的平均质量评分最高,且平均完成时间缩短了20%。这一模式被提取并强化。
- 决策压缩: 数百次任务委托的详细过程被压缩为“对于市场分析报告任务,优先选择组合(C,D)”。
- 关键洞察: 在某个大型金融报告任务中,数据分析智能体A因处理复杂的金融时间序列数据而频繁出错。系统记录下“AgentA在复杂金融时间序列分析上表现不佳”这一洞察。
- 未来优化: 未来再有“市场分析报告”任务时,
agent_selection_tool
会优先推荐组合(C,D)。若任务涉及复杂金融时间序列,即使AgentA可用,系统也会因为之前的洞察而避免分配给它,转而寻找其他更专业的智能体或启用专门的金融分析工具。
这种基于MEM1的记忆整合机制,使得Agentic Schemas不仅能够高效运行,更能够持续学习和进化,从而真正实现“智能”协调。
3. 智能体协调认知工具:细化功能与实现策略
本节将深入探讨Agentic Schemas框架中的四大核心“认知工具”,它们是实现智能体高效协调的具体功能模块。我们将详细解析它们的功能、内部逻辑、可能使用的算法以及伪代码的具体扩展。
3.1 任务委托工具 (Task Delegation Tool)
task_delegation_tool
是 Agentic Schemas 的核心入口之一,负责将复杂的、高层次的任务智能地分解、估算并分配给合适的智能体。
import json
import uuid
import collectionsdef task_delegation_tool(task_description: str, agent_pool: list, deadline: str = None, quality_requirements: dict = None) -> dict:"""Analyze task requirements and delegate to optimal agents.Implements sophisticated task breakdown and agent matching algorithmsto ensure efficient task completion within constraints.Args:task_description (str): A natural language description of the complex task.e.g., "Create a comprehensive market analysis report for Q3 2024, focusing on competitor strategies, new product launches, and potential market shifts through customer sentiment analysis."agent_pool (list): List of available agent profiles, each containing 'id', 'skills', 'load', 'performance_history'.e.g., [{"id": "research_agent", "skills": ["market_research", "data_collection", "sentiment_analysis"], "load": 0.3, "performance_history": {"success_rate": 0.95}},{"id": "data_analyst_agent", "skills": ["data_analysis", "statistical_modeling"], "load": 0.6, "performance_history": {"success_rate": 0.90}},{"id": "report_writer_agent", "skills": ["report_writing", "summarization"], "load": 0.2, "performance_history": {"success_rate": 0.98}},{"id": "editor_agent", "skills": ["editing", "quality_control"], "load": 0.1, "performance_history": {"success_rate": 0.99}}]deadline (str, optional): The target deadline for the entire task (e.g., "2024-09-30T17:00:00Z"). Defaults to None.quality_requirements (dict, optional): Specific quality standards (e.g., {"min_accuracy_score": 0.9, "report_format": "PDF"}). Defaults to None.Returns:dict: A structured plan including delegation details, timeline, resource allocation, and monitoring checkpoints."""task_id = f"TD_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"print(f"\n[{task_id}] Initiating Task Delegation for: \"{task_description}\"")# 协议外壳 - 此处的字符串将被一个内部执行器解析并指导实际逻辑protocol_shell = f"""/agents.delegate{{intent="Optimize task assignment across available agents",input={{task_description: "{task_description}",agent_pool: [{', '.join([a['id'] for a in agent_pool])}], # 简化表示deadline: "{deadline if deadline else 'N/A'}",quality_requirements: {json.dumps(quality_requirements) if quality_requirements else '{}'}}},process=[/decompose{{action="Break complex task into subtasks", description="利用LLM或启发式规则将高级任务描述智能地分解为一系列更小、更具体的、可由单个或少数智能体处理的子任务。识别各子任务间的依赖关系。例如,将'生成报告'分解为'数据收集'、'数据分析'、'报告撰写'、'审核'。"}},/estimate{{action="Estimate time and resource requirements", description="对每个子任务估算所需的时间、计算资源和潜在成本。这可能基于智能体的历史性能数据、任务复杂度和经验模型。例如,'数据收集'可能需要1天,'数据分析'需要2核CPU和4GB内存。"}},/match{{action="Match subtasks to agent capabilities", description="根据子任务的技能要求和估算资源,在一个多标准的决策过程中筛选出最适合的候选智能体。此步骤可能调用Agent Selection Tool的部分逻辑。考虑智能体的核心技能、辅助技能、历史成功率和当前负载。"}},/optimize{{action="Minimize completion time and resource usage", description="运用多目标优化算法(例如:遗传算法、A*搜索、CPLEX/Gurobi求解器,或基于强化学习的调度模型)来寻找最优的任务-智能体分配方案。目标是最小化总完成时间、总资源消耗,同时最大化任务质量和智能体利用率。"}},/assign{{action="Create delegation plan with clear responsibilities", description="生成详细的委托计划,明确每个子任务分配给哪个智能体、其具体职责、提交物、内部截止日期和与其他子任务的依赖关系。包含失败时的回退策略。"}}],output={{delegation_plan: "Structured plan with subtasks, agent assignments, dependencies, and timelines",timeline: "Overall and per-subtask estimated schedule",resource_allocation: "Estimated resource usage for each agent/subtask",monitoring_checkpoints: "Key points for progress tracking and quality checks"}}}}"""print(f"[{task_id}] Protocol Shell for delegation:\n{protocol_shell}")# --- 实际的内部逻辑实现 ---# 1. /decompose: 任务分解 (Task Decomposition)# 模拟任务分解,LLM或基于规则的解析器可以实现此功能print(f"[{task_id}] - Decomposing complex task...")decomposed_tasks, dependencies = _decompose_task(task_description)print(f"[{task_id}] Decomposed into: {', '.join([t['name'] for t in decomposed_tasks])}")# 2. /estimate: 时间和资源估算 (Time and Resource Estimation)print(f"[{task_id}] - Estimating time and resources for subtasks...")estimated_tasks = _estimate_task_requirements(decomposed_tasks, agent_pool)for task_item in estimated_tasks:print(f"[{task_id}] Subtask '{task_item['name']}': Est. Time={task_item.get('estimated_time', 'N/A')}, Required Skills={task_item.get('skills_required', [])}")# 3. /match: 智能体能力匹配 (Agent Capability Matching)print(f"[{task_id}] - Matching subtasks to agent capabilities...")candidate_assignments = _match_subtasks_to_agents(estimated_tasks, agent_pool)print(f"[{task_id}] Candidates found for: {list(candidate_assignments.keys())}")# 4. /optimize: 优化分配配置 (Optimal Assignment Optimization)print(f"[{task_id}] - Optimizing agent assignment configuration...")# 结合Agent Selection Tool的复杂决策逻辑final_assignments_map, overall_timeline, resource_summary = _optimize_assignments(estimated_tasks, candidate_assignments, dependencies, deadline, quality_requirements)# 5. /assign: 创建委托计划 (Create Delegation Plan)print(f"[{task_id}] - Creating detailed delegation plan...")delegation_plan_details = []monitoring_checkpoints = []current_time = parse_datetime(datetime.now().isoformat()) # Current time for scheduling# Simple sequential scheduling for demonstration; real systems would use Gantt charts/PERTfor subtask_name, agent_id in final_assignments_map.items():subtask_info = next(st for st in estimated_tasks if st['name'] == subtask_name)# Calculate start and end times for subtask (simplified sequential for now)# In a real system, this would consider dependencies and agent availabilitystart_time = current_timeduration = parse_duration_string(subtask_info.get('estimated_time', '1h'))end_time = start_time + durationcurrent_time = end_time # For sequential tasksdelegation_plan_details.append({"subtask_id": f"{task_id}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:4]}","subtask_name": subtask_name,"assigned_agent_id": agent_id,"required_skills": subtask_info.get('skills_required', []),"responsibilities": f"Execute '{subtask_name}' according to specified requirements.","estimated_start_time": start_time.isoformat(),"estimated_completion_time": end_time.isoformat(),"dependencies": dependencies.get(subtask_name, []),"estimated_resources": subtask_info.get('estimated_resources', {}),"output_expectations": subtask_info.get('output_expectations', 'N/A')})monitoring_checkpoints.append({"checkpoint_name": f"'{subtask_name}' completion","due_date": end_time.isoformat(),"metrics_to_collect": ["progress_status", "quality_metrics"]})return {"task_id": task_id,"original_task_description": task_description,"delegation_plan": delegation_plan_details,"overall_timeline": overall_timeline, # Example: {'start': '...', 'end': '...', 'duration': '...'}"resource_allocation": resource_summary, # Example: {'AgentA': {'cpu_hours': 10}, ...}"monitoring_checkpoints": monitoring_checkpoints,"success_metrics": ["overall_completion_rate", "average_subtask_quality", "on_time_delivery_rate"]}# --- 辅助函数:模拟内部逻辑,实际实现会更复杂,可能调用LLM或专业算法库 ---
from datetime import datetime, timedeltadef _decompose_task(task_description: str) -> (list, dict):# 模拟LLM或规则引擎进行任务分解# 例如:对于 "Create a comprehensive market analysis report..."if "market analysis report" in task_description.lower():subtasks = [{"name": "Collect Market Data", "skills_required": ["market_research", "data_collection"], "output_expectations": "Raw market data CSV/JSON"},{"name": "Perform Competitor Analysis", "skills_required": ["market_research", "competitor_analysis"], "output_expectations": "Competitor profile report"},{"name": "Analyze Product Launches & Shifts", "skills_required": ["data_analysis", "industry_trends"], "output_expectations": "Product trend analysis"},{"name": "Conduct Customer Sentiment Analysis", "skills_required": ["sentiment_analysis", "nlp"], "output_expectations": "Sentiment analysis report"},{"name": "Synthesize Findings & Draft Report", "skills_required": ["report_writing", "summarization"], "output_expectations": "Draft market analysis report"},{"name": "Review and Finalize Report", "skills_required": ["editing", "quality_control"], "output_expectations": "Final market analysis report"}]dependencies = {"Perform Competitor Analysis": ["Collect Market Data"],"Analyze Product Launches & Shifts": ["Collect Market Data"], # 可以并行但依赖同一数据"Conduct Customer Sentiment Analysis": ["Collect Market Data"],"Synthesize Findings & Draft Report": ["Perform Competitor Analysis", "Analyze Product Launches & Shifts", "Conduct Customer Sentiment Analysis"],"Review and Finalize Report": ["Synthesize Findings & Draft Report"]}else:# Default decomposition for generic taskssubtasks = [{"name": "Step 1", "skills_required": ["general_skill"]}, {"name": "Step 2", "skills_required": ["general_skill"]}]dependencies = {"Step 2": ["Step 1"]}return subtasks, dependenciesdef _estimate_task_requirements(subtasks: list, agent_pool: list) -> list:# 模拟基于历史数据或LLM估算每个子任务的时间和资源。# 这里使用简化模型,真实系统会更复杂。for subtask in subtasks:# 简化:假设技能越多,估算时间可能越长,但如果智能体池中有高效专家,时间会缩短base_time = len(subtask.get("skills_required", [])) * 4 # 假设每个技能4小时# 简单考虑智能体池中是否有人具备所需技能has_experts = any(all(s in agent['skills'] for s in subtask['skills_required'])for agent in agent_pool)subtask['estimated_time'] = f"{max(1, int(base_time / (1.5 if has_experts else 1.0)))}h" # 专家加速subtask['estimated_resources'] = {"cpu_cores": 1, "memory_gb": 4} # 默认资源# 针对特定任务给出更具体的估算if "Collect Market Data" in subtask["name"]:subtask['estimated_time'] = "16h" # 2工作日subtask['estimated_resources'] = {"network_bw": "high"}elif "Sentiment Analysis" in subtask["name"]:subtask['estimated_time'] = "8h"subtask['estimated_resources'] = {"gpu_units": 0.5, "cpu_cores": 2} # 可能需要GPUreturn subtasksdef _match_subtasks_to_agents(subtasks: list, agent_pool: list) -> dict:# 模拟多标准决策分析,匹配智能体技能与子任务需求。# 考虑技能匹配度、智能体负载、历史性能等matches = collections.defaultdict(list)for subtask in subtasks:subtask_skills = set(subtask.get("skills_required", []))for agent in agent_pool:agent_skills = set(agent.get("skills", []))if subtask_skills.issubset(agent_skills): # 智能体必须具备所有所需技能# 计算匹配分数:技能匹配度 (1.0), 负载 (越低越好), 历史成功率 (越高越好)load_score = 1.0 - agent.get('load', 0.5) # 负载0->1,分数1->0performance_score = agent.get('performance_history', {}).get('success_rate', 0.8) # 默认80%# 综合评分 (此处简化,真实系统会是加权和或更复杂的ML模型)match_score = (1.0 * 0.5) + (load_score * 0.3) + (performance_score * 0.2)matches[subtask['name']].append({'agent_id': agent['id'], 'score': match_score, 'load': agent['load']})# 对每个子任务的匹配智能体按分数降序排序matches[subtask['name']].sort(key=lambda x: x['score'], reverse=True)return matchesdef _optimize_assignments(subtasks: list, candidate_assignments: dict, dependencies: dict, deadline: str, quality_requirements: dict) -> (dict, dict, dict):# 这是一个非常复杂的优化问题,可能涉及到任务调度、资源分配和遗传算法等。# 在这里我们将使用一个简化版的启发式方法进行演示,追求可行性而非绝对最优。final_assignments = {}assigned_agents_load = collections.defaultdict(int) # Current load for assigned agents# 将子任务按依赖层级进行拓扑排序,或者简单按顺序处理,确保依赖先被考虑# 实际应使用更复杂的调度算法来处理并行和依赖sorted_subtasks = list(t['name'] for t in subtasks) # 简化:假设已按合理顺序排序# 模拟简单的启发式分配: 优先选择分数最高的可用智能体for subtask_name in sorted_subtasks:if subtask_name not in candidate_assignments or not candidate_assignments[subtask_name]:print(f" [WARNING] No suitable agent found for subtask '{subtask_name}'. Assigning fallback.")final_assignments[subtask_name] = "fallback_generalist_agent"continuebest_agent_for_subtask = Nonefor candidate in candidate_assignments[subtask_name]:agent_id = candidate['agent_id']# 检查智能体当前负载,防止过载 (这里简化为固定阈值)if assigned_agents_load[agent_id] < 0.9: # 假设总负载不超过0.9best_agent_for_subtask = agent_idassigned_agents_load[agent_id] += (1.0 / len(sorted_subtasks)) # 简化负载增加breakif best_agent_for_subtask:final_assignments[subtask_name] = best_agent_for_subtaskelse:print(f" [WARNING] All candidate agents for '{subtask_name}' are overloaded. Assigning fallback.")final_assignments[subtask_name] = "fallback_generalist_agent" # 回退到通用智能体或排队# 简单估算整体时间线(基于串行任务),真实应考虑并行和关键路径total_duration_hours = sum(parse_duration_string(s['estimated_time']).total_seconds() / 3600 for s in subtasks if s['name'] in final_assignments)overall_timeline = {"start_date": datetime.now().isoformat(),"estimated_end_date": (datetime.now() + timedelta(hours=total_duration_hours)).isoformat(),"estimated_duration": f"{round(total_duration_hours, 2)}h"}# 资源汇总 (简化)resource_summary = collections.defaultdict(lambda: collections.defaultdict(float))for subtask in subtasks:agent_id = final_assignments.get(subtask['name'])if agent_id:for res_key, res_val in subtask.get('estimated_resources', {}).items():if isinstance(res_val, (int, float)):resource_summary[agent_id][res_key] += res_val# 针对特定资源类型进行处理,例如网络带宽、GPU单位等print(f" [INFO] Optimized assignment: {final_assignments}")return final_assignments, overall_timeline, dict(resource_summary)def parse_datetime(dt_str: str) -> datetime:try:return datetime.fromisoformat(dt_str)except ValueError:return datetime.now() # Fallbackdef parse_duration_string(duration_str: str) -> timedelta:# Parses duration strings like "16h", "2d", "30m"if duration_str.endswith('h'):return timedelta(hours=int(duration_str[:-1]))elif duration_str.endswith('d'):return timedelta(days=int(duration_str[:-1]))elif duration_str.endswith('m'):return timedelta(minutes=int(duration_str[:-1]))else:return timedelta(hours=1) # Default to 1 hour if format is unknown
功能详解:
- 任务分解 (
/decompose
): 将最初的复杂任务描述(如“创建综合市场分析报告”)智能地拆解成一系列更小、更具体的、可管理的子任务(如“收集市场数据”、“进行竞品分析”、“撰写报告草稿”等)。这一过程可以利用大语言模型的自然语言理解和生成能力,也可以基于预设的规则引擎或任务模板。关键是识别子任务间的依赖关系。 - 估算任务需求 (
/estimate
): 对每个分解出的子任务,估算其完成所需的时间、计算资源(CPU、GPU、内存、网络带宽等)以及完成任务所需的具体技能集。这通常结合历史数据(相似任务的完成时间)、智能体能力画像和启发式规则来完成。 - 智能体能力匹配 (
/match
): 这是task_delegation_tool
与agent_selection_tool
的交叉点。根据每个子任务的技能要求和资源估算,系统从智能体池中筛选出理论上能完成该任务的所有候选智能体。匹配度不仅考虑技能的硬性要求,还会评估智能体的专业程度、历史成功率和当前负载。 - 优化分配配置 (
/optimize
): 这是最复杂的步骤。在考虑了所有子任务、智能体能力、相互依赖、时间限制(如整体截止日期)、资源约束和质量标准之后,系统需要找到一个最优或近似最优的任务-智能体分配方案。这通常是一个多目标优化问题,可能需要采用高级算法如遗传算法、模拟退火、A*搜索、线性规划或强化学习等,以最小化总完成时间、总成本、总风险,同时最大化任务质量和智能体利用率。 - 创建委托计划 (
/assign
): 根据优化后的分配方案,生成一份详细的委托计划。这份计划包括每个子任务分配给哪个智能体、智能体具体职责、预估开始/结束时间、必要的输入/输出、以及与其他子任务的依赖关系。同时,还会定义关键的监控检查点和潜在的失败回退策略。
内部逻辑与算法:
- 任务分解: 可以通过基于规则的专家系统(例如,If-Then规则)、LLM的零/少样本推理能力、或预定义的工作流模板引擎。对于“市场分析报告”的例子,可以预设一个模板,或通过LLM理解“市场分析”、“竞品”、“新产品”、“客户情感”等关键词来生成子任务。
- 需求估算: 可以使用历史任务的完成时间作为基线,结合智能体的历史表现(例如,某个智能体处理“数据分析”任务的平均时间)进行调整。针对资源,可以预设任务所需的默认配置,或通过更智能的模型根据任务复杂性动态预测。
- 能力匹配: 这是一个典型的推荐系统问题。可以使用向量嵌入(将智能体能力和任务需求都嵌入到高维空间,计算余弦相似度)、技能本体(Ontology)匹配、或多属性决策(Multi-Attribute Decision Making, MADM)模型。
- 分配优化: 这是任务调度(Job Scheduling)领域的经典问题。如果依赖关系简单,可以用拓扑排序加贪婪算法。对于复杂的多目标优化,可以采用如整数线性规划(ILP)、约束规划(Constraint Programming)或启发式算法(如基于群智能优化——蚁群算法、粒子群优化)来求解。
Pro-Tip: 实际系统中,task_delegation_tool
的optimize
步骤往往是性能瓶颈。可以考虑将其设计为异步调用,或允许用户配置不同的优化级别(例如:快速启发式 vs. 精确但耗时)。
3.2 智能体选择工具 (Agent Selection Tool)
agent_selection_tool
是在task_delegation_tool
内部或被独立调用,用于更专注于从候选智能体中挑选出最优组合。它强调多标准决策分析。
import json
import uuiddef agent_selection_tool(task_requirements: dict, candidate_agents: list, selection_criteria: dict) -> dict:"""Select optimal agents based on task requirements and performance history.Uses multi-criteria decision analysis to balance capability, availability,performance history, and resource constraints.Args:task_requirements (dict): Detailed requirements for the subtask, including skills, estimated effort, urgency.e.g., {"id": "subtask_1", "name": "Analyze Data", "skills_required": ["data_analysis", "statistical_modeling"], "estimated_effort_hours": 8, "urgency_score": 0.8}candidate_agents (list): List of available agents with their full profiles (capabilities, availability, performance_metrics).e.g., [{"id": "AgentX", "capabilities": {"primary_skills": ["data_analysis"], "processing_capacity": {"avg_duration": "6h"}}, "availability": {"current_load": 0.3, "status": "available"}, "performance_metrics": {"quality_score": 0.95}}, ...]selection_criteria (dict): Weighted criteria for selection (e.g., {"skill_match_weight": 0.4, "availability_weight": 0.3, "performance_weight": 0.2, "cost_weight": 0.1}).Defaults to {"skill_match_weight": 0.5, "availability_weight": 0.3, "performance_weight": 0.2}.Returns:dict: Selection results including selected agents, rationale, and risk assessment."""selection_id = f"AS_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"print(f"\n[{selection_id}] Initiating Agent Selection for task: \"{task_requirements.get('name', 'Unnamed Task')}\"")protocol_shell = f"""/agents.select{{intent="Choose optimal agent combination for task execution",input={{task_requirements: {json.dumps(task_requirements, ensure_ascii=False)},candidate_agents: [{', '.join([a['id'] for a in candidate_agents])}], # 简化表示selection_criteria: {json.dumps(selection_criteria, ensure_ascii=False)}}},process=[/analyze{{action="Evaluate agent capabilities against requirements", description="针对每个候选智能体,评估其核心技能、辅助技能、处理能力等是否满足任务的明确要求。滤除非合格智能体。"}},/score{{action="Calculate agent suitability scores", description="基于多准则决策分析(MCDA)方法,结合传入的权重系数,计算每个合格智能体的综合适应度分数。考虑能力匹配度、当前负载、历史性能、成本等因素。"}},/combine{{action="Find optimal agent combinations", description="对于需要多智能体协作的复杂子任务,探索和评估不同的智能体组合。这可能涉及组合优化算法来找到协同效应最佳的团队。"}},/validate{{action="Verify selected agents meet all constraints", description="再次核查选定的智能体或智能体组合是否满足所有硬性约束(如截止日期、预算、特定合规要求)。"}},/recommend{{action="Provide selection with justification", description="输出最终选择的智能体列表,并附上选择理由、备选方案和潜在风险评估。"}}],output={{selected_agents: "List of optimal agents chosen",selection_rationale: "Explanation for the decision",alternative_options: "Other viable agent combinations",risk_assessment: "Potential risks associated with the selected agents"}}}}"""print(f"[{selection_id}] Protocol Shell for selection:\n{protocol_shell}")# --- 实际的内部逻辑实现 ---# 1. /analyze: 评估智能体能力 (Evaluate Agent Capabilities)print(f"[{selection_id}] - Evaluating agent capabilities against task requirements...")qualified_agents = _filter_qualified_agents(task_requirements, candidate_agents)if not qualified_agents:print(f"[{selection_id}] WARNING: No qualified agents found for task {task_requirements.get('name', 'Unnamed Task')}.")return {"selected_agents": [],"selection_confidence": 0.0,"selection_rationale": "No agent met baseline skill requirements.","alternative_combinations": [],"risk_factors": ["No suitable agents available."]}print(f"[{selection_id}] Qualified agents: {[a['id'] for a in qualified_agents]}")# 2. /score: 计算智能体适应度分数 (Calculate Agent Suitability Scores)print(f"[{selection_id}] - Calculating suitability scores for qualified agents...")agents_with_scores = _calculate_suitability_scores(task_requirements, qualified_agents, selection_criteria)agents_with_scores.sort(key=lambda x: x['total_score'], reverse=True)for agent_score in agents_with_scores:print(f"[{selection_id}] Agent: {agent_score['id']}, Score: {agent_score['total_score']:.2f}, Rationale: {agent_score['rationale']}")# 3. /combine: 寻找最优智能体组合 (Find Optimal Agent Combinations)# 简化:此处假设只需要一个智能体执行子任务。对于多智能体组合,需要更复杂的算法print(f"[{selection_id}] - Finding optimal agent combination...")if len(task_requirements.get('skills_required', [])) > 1 and len(qualified_agents) > 1:# Example for multi-agent combination, could use a small heuristic here# For simplicity, if multiple skills are needed, try to combine agents with less overlapping skillstop_agents_combined, combination_rationale, combination_score = _find_best_combination(task_requirements, agents_with_scores, num_agents_needed=2) # Could be dynamicelse:# If only one agent is sufficient or only one qualified agenttop_agents_combined = [agents_with_scores[0]['id']] if agents_with_scores else []combination_rationale = f"Single best agent chosen: {top_agents_combined[0]}" if top_agents_combined else "No agent selected."combination_score = agents_with_scores[0]['total_score'] if agents_with_scores else 0.0print(f"[{selection_id}] Optimal combination: {top_agents_combined}, Score: {combination_score:.2f}")# 4. /validate: 验证所选智能体是否满足所有约束 (Verify Constraints)print(f"[{selection_id}] - Validating selected agents against all constraints...")validation_status, validation_issues = _validate_selection(top_agents_combined, task_requirements, candidate_agents)if not validation_status:print(f"[{selection_id}] WARNING: Selected agents failed validation. Issues: {validation_issues}")# Could trigger re-selection or fallbackelse:print(f"[{selection_id}] Validation successful.")# 5. /recommend: 提供选择及其理由 (Provide Selection with Justification)selected_agents_ids = top_agents_combinedselection_confidence = combination_score # Can be mapped to a confidence levelselection_rationale_text = f"Chosen based on highest suitability score ({combination_score:.2f}) across skill match, availability, and performance. {combination_rationale}"alternative_options_list = [{'agents': [a['id'] for a in combo], 'score': score} for combo, score in _generate_alternative_combinations(task_requirements, agents_with_scores, top_agents_combined)]risk_factors_list = validation_issues if validation_issues else ["Low risk with selected agents."]return {"selected_agents": selected_agents_ids,"selection_confidence": selection_confidence,"selection_rationale": selection_rationale_text,"alternative_combinations": alternative_options_list,"risk_factors": risk_factors_list}# --- 辅助函数:模拟内部逻辑,实际实现会更复杂 ---def _filter_qualified_agents(task_requirements: dict, candidate_agents: list) -> list:qualified = []required_skills = set(task_requirements.get("skills_required", []))for agent in candidate_agents:agent_skills = set(agent.get("capabilities", {}).get("primary_skills", []) + agent.get("capabilities", {}).get("secondary_skills", []))if required_skills.issubset(agent_skills):# 基础过滤:必须具备所有所需技能# 进一步可以添加处理能力、可用性状态等硬性条件if agent.get("availability", {}).get("status") == "available":qualified.append(agent)return qualifieddef _calculate_suitability_scores(task_reqs: dict, qualified_agents: list, criteria: dict) -> list:scored_agents = []# 默认权重,如果未指定default_criteria = {"skill_match_weight": 0.5,"availability_weight": 0.3,"performance_weight": 0.2,"cost_weight": 0.0 # 成本默认为0权重,除非显式指定}weights = {**default_criteria,**criteria} # 合并并覆盖默认权重for agent in qualified_agents:# 1. 技能匹配度 (Skill Match Score)# 已经在 _filter_qualified_agents 确保是子集,这里可以进一步细化,# 例如考虑技能熟练度或更高级的语义匹配skill_score = 1.0 # 假设只要通过过滤就是1.0# 2. 可用性分数 (Availability Score)# 负载越低越好,可用性状态为'available'优先current_load = agent.get("availability", {}).get("current_load", 0.5)availability_score = max(0, 1.0 - current_load) # e.g., load 0.1 -> score 0.9, load 0.9 -> score 0.1# 3. 性能分数 (Performance Score)quality_score = agent.get("performance_metrics", {}).get("quality_score", 0.7) # 默认70%success_rate = agent.get("performance_metrics", {}).get("success_rate", 0.8) # 默认80%performance_score = (quality_score + success_rate) / 2.0 # 简单平均# 4. 成本分数 (Cost Score) - 假设 Agent Profile 中有 cost_per_hourcost_per_hour = agent.get("cost_per_hour", 10.0) # 假设默认10# 成本分数化:成本越低分数越高。此处为简化示例,真实需要归一化cost_score = max(0, 1.0 - (cost_per_hour / 100)) # 假设最高成本100,线性映射# 计算总分 (加权平均)total_score = (skill_score * weights["skill_match_weight"] +availability_score * weights["availability_weight"] +performance_score * weights["performance_weight"] +cost_score * weights["cost_weight"])scored_agents.append({"id": agent["id"],"total_score": total_score,"skill_score": skill_score,"availability_score": availability_score,"performance_score": performance_score,"cost_score": cost_score,"rationale": f"Skills: {skill_score:.2f}, Avail: {availability_score:.2f}, Perf: {performance_score:.2f}"# Add full agent profile if needed})return scored_agentsdef _find_best_combination(task_reqs: dict, agents_with_scores: list, num_agents_needed: int) -> (list, str, float):# 简单的启发式组合方法:选择分数最高的 num_agents_needed 个智能体。# 更复杂的场景可能需要考虑技能互补性、避免单点故障等。if len(agents_with_scores) < num_agents_needed:# Not enough agents for the desired combination sizereturn [a['id'] for a in agents_with_scores], "Not enough agents to form desired combination size.", sum(a['total_score'] for a in agents_with_scores)# Sort agents by score and pick the top Nselected_agents_scores = agents_with_scores[:num_agents_needed]selected_agent_ids = [a['id'] for a in selected_agents_scores]# Calculate combination score (e.g., average of individual scores)combination_score = sum(a['total_score'] for a in selected_agents_scores) / len(selected_agents_scores)rationale = f"Selected top {num_agents_needed} agents by individual suitability scores. Total average score: {combination_score:.2f}."return selected_agent_ids, rationale, combination_scoredef _validate_selection(selected_agent_ids: list, task_reqs: dict, all_candidate_agents: list) -> (bool, list):# 验证选定的智能体是否满足所有约束(如特定软硬件需求,合规性要求等)issues = []# 1. Check for specific resource types if anyfor agent_id in selected_agent_ids:agent = next((a for a in all_candidate_agents if a['id'] == agent_id), None)if agent:required_resources = task_reqs.get('required_resources', {})agent_capacity = agent.get('capabilities', {}).get('processing_capacity', {})if required_resources.get('gpu_units', 0) > 0 and agent_capacity.get('has_gpu', False) is not True:issues.append(f"Agent {agent_id} lacks required GPU capacity.")# ... more resource checks# 2. Check task-specific hard constraints (e.g., security clearance, data residency)if task_reqs.get('security_level') == 'TOP_SECRET':for agent_id in selected_agent_ids:agent = next((a for a in all_candidate_agents if a['id'] == agent_id), None)if agent and agent.get('security_clearance') != 'TOP_SECRET':issues.append(f"Agent {agent_id} does not have TOP_SECRET clearance for this task.")return not bool(issues), issuesdef _generate_alternative_combinations(task_reqs: dict, agents_with_scores: list, current_selection_ids: list, max_alternatives: int = 3) -> list:alternatives = []# Exclude currently selected agents to find alternativesremaining_agents = [a for a in agents_with_scores if a['id'] not in current_selection_ids]# Simple strategy: take the next best available agents# For combination, try to form new sets that are different from the current selection# Scenario 1: If current selection is one agentif len(current_selection_ids) == 1 and len(remaining_agents) > 0:for i in range(min(max_alternatives, len(remaining_agents))):alt_agent = remaining_agents[i]alternatives.append(([alt_agent['id']], alt_agent['total_score']))# Scenario 2: If current selection is multiple agents, try other valid high-scoring combos# This would involve combinatorial logic which is complex for a pseudo-code.# For now, we'll just indicate this complexity.# In a real system, this would involve either:# 1. Brute-forcing smaller combinations (if N is small)# 2. Using a beam search or genetic algorithm to find top K diverse combinations.# 3. Simple approach: take agents from remaining_agents pool that could form a similar type of team.if len(current_selection_ids) > 1 and len(remaining_agents) >= len(current_selection_ids):# Placeholder for more complex combination logicif len(remaining_agents) >= len(current_selection_ids):alt_combo_agents = remaining_agents[:len(current_selection_ids)]alt_combo_score = sum(a['total_score'] for a in alt_combo_agents) / len(alt_combo_agents)alternatives.append(([a['id'] for a in alt_combo_agents], alt_combo_score))return alternatives
功能详解:
- 评估智能体能力 (
/analyze
): 对所有候选智能体进行初步筛选。这包括检查智能体的核心技能(primary_skills
)、辅助技能(secondary_skills
)、处理能力(processing_capacity
)等是否满足任务的硬性要求。例如,如果任务需要图像识别能力,智能体必须拥有相应的vision_processing
技能。不符合基本要求的智能体将被直接排除。 - 计算适应度分数 (
/score
): 这是核心步骤。对于通过初步筛选的每个智能体,根据预设的selection_criteria
(包含不同指标的权重,如技能匹配度、可用性、历史性能、成本),计算一个综合的适应度分数。- 技能匹配度: 评估智能体技能与任务需求的精确匹配程度,可以考虑技能的深度和广度。
- 可用性: 智能体当前的负载(
current_load
)、在线状态(status
)和预定日程(schedule
)都会影响其可用性分数。负载越低越好。 - 历史性能: 基于智能体在过去任务中的表现,如成功率(
success_rate
)、平均响应时间(average_response_time
)和质量评分(quality_score
)。历史表现越好,分数越高。 - 成本: 如果有明确的成本模型(例如,LLM的API调用费用、云实例运行费用),也可将其纳入考量,成本越低分数越高。
- 多准则决策分析 (MCDA) 算法(如SWOT分析、层次分析法AHP、TOPSIS等)可以在此阶段应用于权重分配和综合评分。
- 寻找最优智能体组合 (
/combine
): 对于需要多个智能体协作完成的复杂子任务,此步骤会探索并评估不同的智能体组合。它不仅仅是选择分数最高的个体,更要考虑团队内的技能互补性、负载均衡以及可能的协同增效。例如,如果一个子任务需要“数据分析”和“报告撰写”,系统则会寻找一个擅长数据分析且负载低的智能体,以及一个擅长撰写报告且负载低的智能体,并评估它们协同工作的潜力。这可能涉及组合优化算法或启发式搜索。 - 验证约束 (
/validate
): 在确定最终选择前,系统会再次核查所选智能体或智能体组合是否满足所有硬性约束,如任务的截止日期、预算限制、特定安全合规性要求(如数据处理是否符合GDPR)或硬件资源(如是否需要GPU)。任何不满足的约束都可能导致回到上一阶段重新选择,或触发告警。 - 提供选择与理由 (
/recommend
): 输出最终选定的智能体列表,并提供详细的决策理由(即每个智能体在各指标上的得分和权重影响),以及备选方案和潜在风险评估。这增强了系统的透明度和可信赖性。
内部逻辑与算法:
- 评估与打分: 可以使用多属性价值理论(Multi-Attribute Utility Theory, MAUT)来结合不同指标和用户偏好。LLM的语义匹配能力也可用于评估智能体的自然语言描述能力与任务要求的匹配度。
- 组合优化: 对于寻找多智能体组合,这是一个经典的团队组建问题,可以使用整数线性规划、贪婪算法、遗传算法或模拟退火算法来寻找近似最优解。如果候选智能体数量有限,甚至可以使用穷举法进行深度搜索。
- 风险评估: 结合智能体历史故障率、任务复杂度、时间压力等因素,通过规则或机器学习模型来预测潜在风险。
Common Pitfall: 过度依赖单一指标(如仅仅考虑技能匹配度)进行智能体选择可能导致系统效率低下或故障频发。务必采用多维度的、加权的评估体系。
3.3 协调协议工具 (Coordination Protocol Tool)
coordination_protocol_tool
是Agentic Schemas的“交通指挥官”,负责为智能体网络建立清晰的通信规则和同步机制,确保复杂的协作任务能够有序、高效地进行。
import json
import uuiddef coordination_protocol_tool(agents: list, task_dependencies: dict, communication_preferences: dict) -> dict:"""Establish communication and synchronization protocols for agent coordination.Creates structured coordination protocols that ensure agents work togethereffectively while maintaining system coherence.Args:agents (list): List of selected agent profiles (e.g., from agent_selection_tool output).e.g., [{"id": "AgentA", "type": "researcher", "communication_preferences": {"preferred_format": "json"}},{"id": "AgentB", "type": "writer", "communication_preferences": {"preferred_format": "markdown", "sync_frequency": "daily"}}]task_dependencies (dict): Defines the dependencies between subtasks; each key is a task, value is a list of tasks it depends on.e.g., {"writing_report": ["data_analysis_complete", "research_findings_ready"], "data_analysis_complete": ["data_collection_done"]}communication_preferences (dict): Overall system-level preferences for communication (e.g., {"default_message_format": "json", "default_sync_frequency": "hourly"}).Returns:dict: Structured coordination protocol, communication plan, synchronization schedule, and monitoring configuration."""protocol_id = f"CP_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"print(f"\n[{protocol_id}] Initiating Coordination Protocol generation...")protocol_shell = f"""/agents.coordinate{{intent="Establish effective coordination protocols for agent network",input={{agents: [{', '.join([a['id'] for a in agents])}], # 简化表示task_dependencies: {json.dumps(task_dependencies, ensure_ascii=False)},communication_preferences: {json.dumps(communication_preferences, ensure_ascii=False)}}},process=[/map{{action="Map task dependencies and agent relationships", description="将任务依赖关系图转换为智能体间的协作关系图。识别哪些智能体需要在何时、以何种方式进行交互。例如,数据分析师的工作是写作者的前提。"}},/design{{action="Design communication flow and synchronization points", description="基于协作关系图,设计细粒度的通信流程(谁和谁通信、通信内容、触发条件)和关键的同步点(如任务完成通知、里程碑检查)。确定消息格式和协议。"}},/implement{{action="Create coordination protocol specification", description="生成正式的协调协议规范,可能是一个状态机模型、流程图或可执行的脚本,其中详细定义了每个智能体的行为以及与其他智能体的交互规则。这包括错误处理和回退机制的定义。"}},/test{{action="Validate protocol effectiveness", description="通过模拟或小规模实验,验证协议在高负载、智能体故障或异常情况下的有效性和鲁棒性。例如,测试数据分析智能体延迟时,写作智能体是否能正确等待。"}},/deploy{{action="Activate coordination system with monitoring", description="将协议部署到运行环境中,激活智能体网络,并配置实时监控仪表盘,以便跟踪协议执行情况和系统状态。"}}],output={{coordination_protocol: "Detailed protocol specification (e.g., state machine, workflow script)",communication_plan: "Matrix of agent-to-agent communication channels and message types",synchronization_schedule: "Defined points of synchronization and trigger conditions",monitoring_dashboard: "Configuration for real-time tracking of protocol execution"}}}}"""print(f"[{protocol_id}] Protocol Shell for coordination:\n{protocol_shell}")# --- 实际的内部逻辑实现 ---# 1. /map: 映射任务依赖与智能体关系 (Map Dependencies and Agent Relationships)print(f"[{protocol_id}] - Mapping task dependencies and agent relationships...")agent_relationships = _map_dependencies_to_agent_relationships(agents, task_dependencies)print(f"[{protocol_id}] Agent relationships identified: {agent_relationships}")# 2. /design: 设计通信流与同步点 (Design Communication Flow and Sync Points)print(f"[{protocol_id}] - Designing communication flow and synchronization points...")communication_plan, synchronization_schedule = _design_communication_and_sync(agent_relationships, communication_preferences)print(f"[{protocol_id}] Communication Plan: {communication_plan}")print(f"[{protocol_id}] Synchronization Schedule: {synchronization_schedule}")# 3. /implement: 创建协调协议规范 (Create Coordination Protocol Specification)print(f"[{protocol_id}] - Creating coordination protocol specification...")protocol_spec = _create_protocol_specification(agents, task_dependencies, communication_plan, synchronization_schedule)print(f"[{protocol_id}] Protocol Spec generated (simplified):\n{json.dumps(protocol_spec, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}")# 4. /test: 验证协议有效性 (Validate Protocol Effectiveness)print(f"[{protocol_id}] - Validating protocol effectiveness (simulation/pre-deployment checks)...")# In a real system, this would involve running simulations, formal verification, or small-scale tests.validation_result = _validate_protocol(protocol_spec, agents, task_dependencies)if not validation_result["success"]:print(f"[{protocol_id}] WARNING: Protocol validation failed: {validation_result['issues']}")# Potentially trigger a revision loopelse:print(f"[{protocol_id}] Protocol validated successfully.")# 5. /deploy: 部署协调系统与监控 (Deploy & Configure Monitoring)print(f"[{protocol_id}] - Deploying coordination system and configuring monitoring...")monitoring_config = _configure_monitoring_for_protocol(protocol_spec)print(f"[{protocol_id}] Monitoring configured.")return {"coordination_protocol": protocol_spec,"communication_plan": communication_plan,"synchronization_schedule": synchronization_schedule,"monitoring_config": monitoring_config}# --- 辅助函数:模拟内部逻辑,实际实现会更复杂 ---def _map_dependencies_to_agent_relationships(agents: list, task_deps: dict) -> dict:# 假设 task_deps 的键是子任务,值是其依赖的子任务# 我们需要找出哪些代理负责这些任务,从而建立代理间的依赖关系agent_tasks = collections.defaultdict(list)for agent in agents:# 简化:假设我们有一个方法来查询每个代理实际分配到的任务# 实际应从 delegation_plan 中查询assigned_tasks = [task for task in task_deps.keys() if f"assigned_agent_id_for_{task}" == agent['id']] # Placeholder# For this example, let's just create a simplified map for demofor task_name in task_deps.keys():# This is a crude mapping, assumes task name in dependencies is for a single agent# In real system, agent_id would be explicitly linked to subtaskif any(agent['id'] == f"agent_for_{t}" for t in task_deps[task_name]): # For demo, link based on a patternagent_tasks[agent['id']].append(task_name)relationships = collections.defaultdict(list)for task_name, deps in task_deps.items():# Find which agent performs task_nameexecutor_agent = f"agent_for_{task_name}" # Placeholder for demo# Find which agents perform the dependenciesdependent_agents = [f"agent_for_{dep_task}" for dep_task in deps]for dep_agent in dependent_agents:if dep_agent != executor_agent: # Avoid self-dependency for relationshiprelationships[dep_agent].append(f"needs_to_notify_{executor_agent}_upon_{'_'.join(deps)}_completion")# Let's create a more concrete example mapping for _map_dependencies_to_agent_relationships# Assume agents have primary responsibilities based on their 'type'agent_roles = {agent['type']: agent['id'] for agent in agents}# { 'researcher': 'research_agent', 'writer': 'writer_agent', ... }temp_relationships = collections.defaultdict(list)# Example: writing depends on research findingsif 'writer' in agent_roles and 'researcher' in agent_roles:writer_id = agent_roles['writer']researcher_id = agent_roles['researcher']# If "writing_report" depends on "research_findings_ready"# Then researcher needs to notify writerfor task, deps in task_deps.items():if "writing" in task and ("research" in d for d in deps):# This is a simplification. Real mapping comes from delegation plan.temp_relationships[researcher_id].append(f"notifies_{writer_id}_on_research_completion_for_{task}")if "review" in task and ("writing" in d for d in deps):if 'reviewer' in agent_roles:reviewer_id = agent_roles['reviewer']temp_relationships[writer_id].append(f"notifies_{reviewer_id}_on_draft_completion_for_{task}")return dict(temp_relationships)def _design_communication_and_sync(agent_relationships: dict, comm_prefs: dict) -> (dict, dict):comm_plan = {}sync_schedule = {}default_format = comm_prefs.get("default_message_format", "json")default_sync_freq = comm_prefs.get("default_sync_frequency", "daily")for agent_id, relations in agent_relationships.items():comm_plan[agent_id] = []for relation in relations:target_agent = relation.split('_upon_')[0].replace('notifies_', '').replace('_on_','') # Simplistic parsing# E.g., researcher -> writerif 'notifies' in relation: # Simplified examplecomm_plan[agent_id].append({"to_agent": target_agent,"message_type": f"task_status_update_{relation.split('_on_')[-1]}","format": default_format,"trigger": f"{agent_id}_task_completion","content_schema": {"type": "object", "properties": {"task_id": {"type": "string"}, "status": {"type": "string"}}}})# Define a synchronization pointsync_schedule[f"{agent_id}_completes_{relation.split('_on_')[-1]}"] = {"trigger_agent": agent_id,"wait_agent": target_agent,"action": "proceed_with_next_task","expected_message": comm_plan[agent_id][-1]['message_type']}return comm_plan, sync_scheduledef _create_protocol_specification(agents: list, task_deps: dict, comm_plan: dict, sync_schedule: dict) -> dict:# 模拟生成一个状态机或流程图的JSON/YAML表示protocol_spec = {"protocol_name": "MultiAgentCoordination","version": "1.0","description": "Standard protocol for multi-agent task execution and communication.","states": [], # Each state could represent a phase or a task"transitions": [], # Defines how states change based on agent actions/messages"agent_behaviors": {}, # Specific rules for each agent within the protocol"error_handling": {"default_action": "escalate_to_monitor_tool","specific_rules": []}}# 构建状态和转换 (简化)for task_name, deps in task_deps.items():protocol_spec["states"].append({"name": f"Task_{task_name}_Pending", "type": "waiting"})protocol_spec["states"].append({"name": f"Task_{task_name}_Active", "type": "active"})protocol_spec["states"].append({"name": f"Task_{task_name}_Completed", "type": "completed"})# Initial transitionprotocol_spec["transitions"].append({"from": f"Task_{task_name}_Pending","to": f"Task_{task_name}_Active","trigger": {"type": "event", "name": f"task_{task_name}_assigned"}})# Transition on completionprotocol_spec["transitions"].append({"from": f"Task_{task_name}_Active","to": f"Task_{task_name}_Completed","trigger": {"type": "event", "name": f"task_{task_name}_finished"},"action": {"type": "notify", "targets": list(comm_plan.keys())} # Notify relevant agents})# Add dependency-based transitionsfor dep_task in deps:protocol_spec["transitions"].append({"from": f"Task_{task_name}_Pending","to": f"Task_{task_name}_Active", # Will only active once all dependencies are met"prerequisite": {"type": "state", "name": f"Task_{dep_task}_Completed"}})# 为每个智能体定义行为for agent in agents:agent_id = agent['id']protocol_spec["agent_behaviors"][agent_id] = {"on_task_assigned": {"action": "start_processing", "log": True},"on_dependency_met": {"action": "check_readiness"},"on_task_completion": {"action": "notify_dependent_agents", "data": "output_data"},"on_error": {"action": "report_to_monitor_tool"}}return protocol_specdef _validate_protocol(protocol_spec: dict, agents: list, task_dependencies: dict) -> dict:# 模拟协议的逻辑验证# 检查是否存在死锁、循环依赖、未处理的事件等issues = []# 简单检查:所有任务是否有明确的完成状态all_tasks_have_completion = all(f"Task_{task_name}_Completed" in [s['name'] for s in protocol_spec['states']] for task_name in task_dependencies.keys())if not all_tasks_have_completion:issues.append("Not all tasks have defined completion states.")# 检查是否存在未接收的通知或未触发的依赖# This involves complex graph analysis; for pseudo-code, just a placeholderreturn {"success": not bool(issues), "issues": issues}def _configure_monitoring_for_protocol(protocol_spec: dict) -> dict:# 基于协议生成监控配置,例如哪些状态变化需要记录,哪些事件需要告警monitor_config = {"metrics_to_track": [{"name": "protocol_state_transitions", "source": "protocol_executor", "level": "info"},{"name": "agent_action_completion", "source": "agent_logs", "level": "debug"},{"name": "communication_latency", "source": "message_bus", "level": "warning"}],"alert_rules": [{"condition": "protocol_state_stuck_for_long_time", "threshold_seconds": 3600, "severity": "CRITICAL"},{"condition": "agent_unresponsive", "threshold_seconds": 300, "severity": "CRITICAL"}],"dashboard_layouts": [{"view": "protocol_flow_status", "elements": ["states", "transitions_count"]},{"view": "agent_activity", "elements": ["agent_id", "current_task"]}]}return monitor_config
功能详解:
- 映射任务依赖与智能体关系 (
/map
): 将抽象的任务依赖图(例如,报告撰写依赖于数据分析)转化为具体智能体之间的协作关系(例如,数据分析智能体完成报告后需要通知报告撰写智能体)。这一步识别了哪些智能体是“生产者”,哪些是“消费者”,以及它们之间的数据和事件流。 - 设计通信流与同步点 (
/design
): 基于上一步确定的智能体协作关系,设计详细的通信策略。这包括:- 通信渠道: 确定智能体之间使用何种通信方式(如消息队列、API调用、共享内存)。
- 消息格式: 定义标准化的消息结构(如JSON Schema),确保信息传递的清晰和一致性。
- 触发条件: 明确消息发送和接收的条件(如“任务完成”、“数据更新”、“检测到异常”)。
- 同步点: 设定关键的里程碑或等待点,确保智能体在继续执行前,等待其他智能体完成特定任务或接收到必要信息。例如,撰写智能体必须等待研究智能体提供所有研究数据后才能开始撰写。
- 创建协调协议规范 (
/implement
): 生成一个正式的、可执行的协调协议规范。这可能以状态机(State Machine)、Petri网、可执行的DSL(领域特定语言)脚本或结构化的JSON/YAML配置文件的形式存在。这份规范详细定义了在整个协作流程中,每个智能体的预期行为、它如何响应外部事件、以及它与其他智能体的交互规则。它还应包含错误处理和回退机制的定义,以应对异常情况。 - 验证协议有效性 (
/test
): 在部署协议之前,通过模拟、形式化验证或小规模实验来验证其有效性和鲁棒性。检测是否存在死锁、活锁、循环依赖、资源争用等潜在问题,并评估协议在高负载或智能体故障等异常情况下的行为。 - 部署协议与监控 (
/deploy
): 将设计好的协调协议部署到实际的运行环境中,激活智能体网络,并配置相应的监控工具。性能监控工具将实时跟踪协议的执行情况、智能体间的通信延迟、同步点的达成情况以及整体系统状态,为后续的优化和问题诊断提供数据。
内部逻辑与算法:
- 依赖图构建与分析: 使用图理论(例如,AOV网络或AOE网络)来表示任务和智能体之间的依赖关系。检测循环依赖、识别关键路径,并优化调度。
- 状态机设计: 对于复杂的交互流程,可以使用有限状态机(FSM)或分层状态机来建模智能体的行为和整个协调过程。每个状态代表一个智能体或任务群的特定阶段,事件触发状态转换。
- 分布式共识: 在某些需要强一致性的协调场景中(如共享资源的管理),可能需要引入轻量级的共识协议机制(如简化版Paxos或Raft)来保证决策的一致性。
- 形式化验证: 对于关键的协调协议,可以采用模型检测(Model Checking)等形式化方法在部署前验证其正确性、安全性和活性属性。
Pro-Tip: 协调协议应尽可能地“意图驱动”和“事件驱动”。智能体不应该频繁地“轮询”其他智能体的状态,而应该在收到特定事件通知时才做出响应。这大大降低了通信开销和耦合度。
3.4 性能监控工具 (Performance Monitoring Tool)
performance_monitoring_tool
是Agentic Schemas的“眼睛和警报系统”,它持续观察智能体网络的运行状况,收集关键性能数据,识别异常,并提供优化建议,确保系统高效稳定运行。
import json
import uuid
from datetime import datetime, timedeltadef performance_monitoring_tool(agent_network: dict, performance_metrics: list, alert_thresholds: dict) -> dict:"""Monitor agent performance and system health in real-time.Tracks key performance indicators and provides alerts for systemoptimization and issue resolution.Args:agent_network (dict): Current state and configuration of the agent network, including active agents, tasks, and coordination protocols.e.g., {"agents": [{"id": "AgentA", "status": "active", "current_task": "task_1"}, ...], "active_protocols": ["CP_abc123"]}performance_metrics (list): List of metrics to track (e.g., ["throughput", "response_time", "error_rate", "agent_utilization"]).alert_thresholds (dict): Thresholds for triggering alerts (e.g., {"error_rate": {"gt": 0.05, "severity": "CRITICAL"}}).Returns:dict: Performance dashboard data, active alerts, optimization recommendations, and trend analysis."""monitor_id = f"PM_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"print(f"\n[{monitor_id}] Initiating Performance Monitoring...")protocol_shell = f"""/agents.monitor{{intent="Track agent performance and system health continuously",input={{agent_network: {json.dumps({k: (v if not isinstance(v, list) or len(v) < 5 else [i['id'] for i in v[:5]] + ['...']) for k, v in agent_network.items()}, ensure_ascii=False)}, # 简化网络表示performance_metrics: {json.dumps(performance_metrics, ensure_ascii=False)},alert_thresholds: {json.dumps(alert_thresholds, ensure_ascii=False)}}},process=[/collect{{action="Gather performance data from all agents", description="从各个智能体、消息总线、数据库、协调器等组件实时收集原始性能数据,包括任务完成事件、通信日志、资源使用情况等。"}},/analyze{{action="Process metrics and identify trends", description="对收集到的原始数据进行清洗、聚合、计算关键性能指标(KPIs)。运用统计分析、时间序列分析(如移动平均、指数平滑)来识别性能趋势和异常模式。"}},/alert{{action="Trigger alerts for threshold violations", description="根据预设的告警阈值和规则,实时检测指标是否超出健康范围。一旦发现违规,立即触发告警通知(如邮件、短信、Webhook)并记录事件。"}},/optimize{{action="Suggest performance improvements", description="基于历史性能数据、系统日志和已识别的瓶颈,智能地生成优化建议。例如,建议调整智能体数量、简化协议步骤、优化任务分配策略等。"}},/report{{action="Generate performance summary reports", description="定期生成可视化报表和仪表盘,展示关键性能指标(实时和历史)、告警摘要、资源利用率和优化建议,便于操作者进行审查和决策。"}}],output={{performance_dashboard: "Real-time and historical view of key metrics",alert_notifications: "List of active alerts and their details",optimization_recommendations: "Actionable suggestions for performance improvement",trend_analysis: "Identification of performance trends and predictions"}}}}"""print(f"[{monitor_id}] Protocol Shell for monitoring:\n{protocol_shell}")# --- 实际的内部逻辑实现 ---current_timestamp = datetime.now().isoformat()# 1. /collect: 收集性能数据 (Gather Performance Data)print(f"[{monitor_id}] - Collecting performance data from agent network...")raw_data = _collect_data(agent_network)# Simulate some raw datasimulated_raw_data = {"timestamp": current_timestamp,"agent_logs": {"AgentA": {"tasks_completed": 5, "errors": 0, "cpu_usage": 0.6},"AgentB": {"tasks_completed": 3, "errors": 1, "cpu_usage": 0.9} # AgentB has an error and high CPU},"message_bus_stats": {"messages_sent": 100, "avg_latency_ms": 15},"task_queue_status": {"pending_tasks": 10, "processed_tasks": 100}}raw_data.update(simulated_raw_data) # Combine; in real system _collect_data would return complex dataprint(f"[{monitor_id}] Data collected for timestamp: {raw_data['timestamp']}")# 2. /analyze: 处理指标并识别趋势 (Process Metrics and Identify Trends)print(f"[{monitor_id}] - Analyzing metrics and identifying trends...")processed_metrics = _analyze_metrics(raw_data, performance_metrics)current_metrics_snapshot = {"throughput": processed_metrics.get("throughput", 0),"response_time": processed_metrics.get("average_response_time", 0),"error_rate": processed_metrics.get("error_rate", 0),"agent_utilization": processed_metrics.get("agent_utilization", {})}print(f"[{monitor_id}] Dashboard snapshot: {current_metrics_snapshot}")overall_trends = _identify_trends(processed_metrics)print(f"[{monitor_id}] Overall trends: {overall_trends}")# 3. /alert: 触发阈值告警 (Trigger Alerts)print(f"[{monitor_id}] - Checking for alert threshold violations...")active_alerts = _check_alerts(current_metrics_snapshot, alert_thresholds)for alert in active_alerts:print(f"[{monitor_id}] !!! ALERT: {alert['message']} (Severity: {alert['severity']})")# 4. /optimize: 建议性能改进 (Suggest Performance Improvements)print(f"[{monitor_id}] - Generating optimization recommendations...")optimization_suggestions = _generate_optimizations(current_metrics_snapshot, overall_trends)for rec in optimization_suggestions:print(f"[{monitor_id}] Recommendation: {rec['action']} (Priority: {rec['priority']})")# 5. /report: 生成性能摘要报告 (Generate Performance Summary Reports)print(f"[{monitor_id}] - Generating performance dashboard and summary reports...")performance_dashboard_data = {"timestamp": current_timestamp,"current_metrics": current_metrics_snapshot,"trends": overall_trends,"active_alerts_count": len(active_alerts)}# In a real system, this would format and push data to a visualization tool (Grafana, Kibana, etc.)return {"dashboard": performance_dashboard_data,"alerts": active_alerts,"recommendations": optimization_suggestions,"trends": overall_trends}# --- 辅助函数:模拟内部逻辑,实际实现会更复杂 ---def _collect_data(agent_network: dict) -> dict:# 模拟从各种来源(代理日志、消息队列、API调用等)收集数据# 真实实现可能通过Prometheus、Kafka等数据流工具collected_data = {"agent_raw_metrics": {},"coordination_raw_metrics": {},"resource_raw_metrics": {}}# For demo, just pass through (real data would be fetched here)return collected_datadef _analyze_metrics(raw_data: dict, selected_metrics: list) -> dict:processed = {}# 假设任务队列和代理日志数据在 raw_data["agent_logs"] 和 raw_data["task_queue_status"] 中total_completed_tasks = sum(a.get("tasks_completed", 0) for a in raw_data.get("agent_logs", {}).values())total_errors = sum(a.get("errors", 0) for a in raw_data.get("agent_logs", {}).values())total_agents = len(raw_data.get("agent_logs", {}))if "throughput" in selected_metrics:# 模拟吞吐量:每小时完成的任务数# 假设当前批次是在一段时间内收集的,这里简化为总完成任务数processed["throughput"] = total_completed_tasks if "average_response_time" in selected_metrics:# 模拟平均响应时间:可能需要从任务开始到完成的详细日志# 此处简化为固定值processed["average_response_time"] = raw_data.get("message_bus_stats", {}).get("avg_latency_ms", 50) + (10 * total_agents) # 随着智能体增多,响应时间可能变长if "error_rate" in selected_metrics:if total_completed_tasks > 0:processed["error_rate"] = total_errors / (total_completed_tasks + total_errors)else:processed["error_rate"] = 0.0if "agent_utilization" in selected_metrics:utilization_map = {}for agent_id, metrics in raw_data.get("agent_logs", {}).items():utilization_map[agent_id] = metrics.get('cpu_usage', 0) # Use CPU usage as proxy for utilizationprocessed["agent_utilization"] = utilization_map# Coordination Overhead (新增指标)# 模拟协调开销:例如,消息总线上的消息数量、协调器本身的CPU消耗if "coordination_overhead" in selected_metrics:messages_sent = raw_data.get("message_bus_stats", {}).get("messages_sent", 0)processed["coordination_overhead_messages"] = messages_sent# processed["coordination_overhead_cpu"] = coordinator_cpu_usage# Task Queue Length (可用于评估负载,新增指标)if "task_queue_length" in selected_metrics:processed["task_queue_length"] = raw_data.get("task_queue_status", {}).get("pending_tasks", 0)return processeddef _check_alerts(current_metrics: dict, thresholds: dict) -> list:active_alerts = []for metric, conditions in thresholds.items():current_value = current_metrics.get(metric)if current_value is None:continueif "gt" in conditions and current_value > conditions["gt"]:active_alerts.append({"metric": metric,"value": current_value,"threshold": conditions["gt"],"operator": ">","severity": conditions.get("severity", "WARNING"),"message": f"{metric} ({current_value:.2f}) is above threshold ({conditions['gt']})."})if "lt" in conditions and current_value < conditions["lt"]:active_alerts.append({"metric": metric,"value": current_value,"threshold": conditions["lt"],"operator": "<","severity": conditions.get("severity", "WARNING"),"message": f"{metric} ({current_value:.2f}) is below threshold ({conditions['lt']})."})# For agent_utilization, check individual agents if it's a dictif metric == "agent_utilization" and isinstance(current_value, dict):for agent_id, util in current_value.items():if "gt" in conditions and util > conditions["gt"]:active_alerts.append({"metric": f"agent_utilization for {agent_id}","value": util,"threshold": conditions["gt"],"operator": ">","severity": conditions.get("severity", "WARNING"),"message": f"Agent {agent_id} utilization ({util:.2f}) is above threshold ({conditions['gt']})."})return active_alertsdef _identify_trends(processed_metrics: dict) -> dict:# 模拟时间序列分析以识别性能趋势# 在实际系统中,这会涉及存储历史数据并进行统计分析(如线性回归、指数平滑)trends = {}# 假设我们有一个历史数据点 (简化处理)# 真实系统会从数据库中查询历史数据previous_error_rate = 0.01 current_error_rate = processed_metrics.get("error_rate", 0.0)if current_error_rate > previous_error_rate:trends["error_rate_trend"] = "increasing"trends["error_rate_change"] = f"{((current_error_rate - previous_error_rate) / previous_error_rate * 100):.2f}% increase"else:trends["error_rate_trend"] = "stable_or_decreasing"# 更多指标的趋势分析,例如 throughput_trend, response_time_trendreturn trendsdef _generate_optimizations(current_metrics: dict, trends: dict) -> list:recommendations = []# 基于告警和趋势生成建议if current_metrics.get("error_rate", 0) > 0.03: # 假设错误率高于3%recommendations.append({"type": "error_reduction","action": "Investigate agent_B logs for task_id X (high error rate)","priority": "high","expected_impact": "Reduce overall error rate by identifying root cause."})# 针对 AgentB 的高利用率和错误if current_metrics.get("agent_utilization", {}).get("AgentB", 0) > 0.8 and current_metrics.get("agent_logs", {}).get("AgentB",{}).get("errors",0) > 0:recommendations.append({"type": "agent_performance_improvement","action": "Consider re-assigning tasks from AgentB or scaling up more agents of type B if workload persists","priority": "medium","expected_impact": "Improve AgentB's stability and reduce errors under load."})if current_metrics.get("throughput", 0) < 50 and trends.get("throughput_trend") == "decreasing":recommendations.append({"type": "throughput_increase","action": "Review coordination protocol for bottlenecks, consider adding more generalist agents.","priority": "medium","expected_impact": "Increase overall task processing capacity."})if current_metrics.get("task_queue_length", 0) > 20: # 队列积压recommendations.append({"type": "load_balancing","action": "Activate dynamic scaling protocol to provision more agents or rebalance existing tasks.","priority": "high","expected_impact": "Clear task backlog and improve response times."})return recommendations
功能详解:
- 数据收集 (
/collect
): 从智能体网络的各个角落(包括每个智能体的内部日志、通信消息总线、任务队列、协调器自身状态、底层基础设施指标等)实时收集原始性能数据。这一步需要定义统一的数据收集接口和数据格式,确保数据的可采集性和一致性。通常会利用代理(agent)、指标服务器(如Prometheus)、日志聚合器(如Elasticsearch)和消息队列(如Kafka)来构建数据管道。 - 指标处理与趋势识别 (
/analyze
): 对收集到的海量原始数据进行清洗、聚合和计算,生成有意义的关键性能指标(KPIs)。例如,计算任务完成率、平均响应时间、错误率、智能体利用率、协调开销(如通信量、决策延迟)等。复杂的分析还会运用统计学方法和时间序列分析(如移动平均、指数平滑、ARIMA模型)来识别性能趋势,预测潜在的瓶颈或未来的性能走势。 - 告警触发 (
/alert
): 根据预先设定的告警规则和阈值(例如,错误率超过5%、智能体A的CPU利用率连续5分钟高于90%、任务队列长度超过100),实时检测指标是否超出健康范围。一旦检测到异常,立即触发告警通知(如发送邮件、短信、启动Webhook、通知维护智能体),并记录详细的告警事件,包括告警级别、指标快照和触发时间。 - 优化建议 (
/optimize
): 这是监控工具的高级功能。它不仅仅是报告问题,更要基于对历史数据、告警事件和性能趋势的智能分析,自动生成具体的、可操作的优化建议。例如,如果发现某个特定类型的任务总是导致智能体A负载过高,可能建议“调整任务委托策略,将该类型任务分配给更多智能体”或“评估AgentA的代码,寻找性能瓶颈”。这些建议可能直接触发dynamic_scaling_protocol
或conflict_resolution_protocol
。 - 报告生成 (
/report
): 定期或按需生成可视化的性能报告和实时仪表盘。这些报告展示了关键性能指标(实时和历史)、告警摘要、资源利用率、服务级别目标(SLO)的达成情况以及前面生成的优化建议。仪表盘通常采用图表、热力图、表格等形式,便于操作者一目了然地理解系统健康状况,并辅助决策。
内部逻辑与算法:
- 数据流处理: 采用流处理框架(如Apache Flink、Spark Streaming)来实时摄取、处理和转换海量监控数据。
- 多维指标存储: 使用时间序列数据库(如InfluxDB、Prometheus)高效存储和查询性能指标。
- 异常检测: 应用机器学习算法(如OCSVM、Isolation Forest)来识别偏离正常模式的异常行为,而不仅仅是硬阈值告警。
- 根因分析: 结合日志分析和可观测性数据(如链路追踪),尝试诊断性能下降或故障的根本原因。
- 预测性维护: 利用预测模型(如LSTM、Prophet)对未来负载和性能进行预测,实现预防性优化。
Pro-Tip: 有效的性能监控不仅仅是收集数据,更在于其可操作性。监控系统应该能够将洞察转化为具体的行动(通过触发其他认知工具),而不是仅仅生成报告。同时,上下文感知的告警可以显著减少误报。
4. 协调协议外壳:规范化的智能体协作流程
协调协议外壳(Coordination Protocol Shells)是Agentic Schemas框架中的“剧本”或“蓝图”。它们是对特定类型智能体协作流程的标准化抽象,定义了一系列高层次的有序步骤(process
),每个步骤又可以包含更细粒度的子过程(subprocesses
)。这些协议外壳不包含具体的业务逻辑,而是描述了如何通过调用各个“认知工具”来编排智能体,以实现特定的协调目标。
4.1 多智能体任务执行协议 (/agents.execute_task)
此协议外壳定义了一个通用的、端到端的多智能体任务执行流程,从任务规划、实际执行到最终的验证交付。它确保了复杂任务的结构化处理。
/agents.execute_task{intent="Execute complex task using coordinated multi-agent approach",input={task_specification, # 原始任务的详细规格quality_requirements, # 期望的质量标准timeline_constraints, # 时间限制和截止日期resource_limits # 可用的资源预算(如计算、存储、成本)},process=[/planning{action="Create comprehensive execution plan",description="基于任务规范,全面规划任务分解、智能体分配和协调策略。",subprocesses=[/decompose{action="Break task into manageable subtasks", description="将复杂任务拆解为更小、更具体的、可独立或并行执行的子任务。这可能调用task_delegation_tool的一部分功能。"},/sequence{action="Determine optimal execution order", description="分析子任务间的依赖关系,生成最优的执行顺序(拓扑排序)和并行执行计划。"},/assign{action="Delegate subtasks to appropriate agents", description="调用task_delegation_tool来选择最合适的智能体或团队来执行每个子任务,并分配职责。"},/coordinate{action="Establish synchronization protocols", description="调用coordination_protocol_tool来设计智能体间的通信、数据流和同步点,确保协作顺畅。"}]},/execution{action="Implement coordinated task execution",description="根据规划好的执行计划,启动智能体并监控其进度,实时调整以应对动态变化。",subprocesses=[/launch{action="Initialize all assigned agents", description="激活所有被分配的智能体实例,并向其提供任务上下文和起始指令。"},/monitor{action="Track progress and performance", description="持续调用performance_monitoring_tool,实时收集并分析智能体的运行状态、任务进度和资源利用率。"},/adjust{action="Make real-time optimizations", description="根据监控反馈,调用conflict_resolution_tool处理冲突,或通过feedback循环优化任务分配。例如,若某智能体落后,重新分配其部分任务。"},/synchronize{action="Ensure coordination between agents", description="根据预设的同步点,管理智能体间的等待和继续,确保数据依赖和流程一致性。"}]},/validation{action="Ensure quality and completeness",description="在任务结束阶段,对所有智能体的输出进行集成、验证和质量审核,确保符合预期。",subprocesses=[/verify{action="Validate individual agent outputs", description="对每个智能体完成的子任务产出进行初步质量检查和验证。例如,数据分析智能体输出的数据报告是否符合格式和准确性要求。"},/integrate{action="Combine results into unified output", description="将所有子任务的产出整合为最终的统一成果。这可能涉及数据合并、文档结构化等。"},/review{action="Conduct quality assurance review", description="调用quality_assurance_tool进行整体的质量审核,检查最终产出是否满足最初的质量要求。这可能涉及人工审核或另一个QA智能体。"},/finalize{action="Deliver completed task", description="将最终成果交付给用户或指定目标,并生成任务执行报告和经验总结。"}]}],output={completed_task, # 最终完成的任务成果execution_report, # 任务执行过程的详细报告performance_metrics, # 关键性能指标摘要lessons_learned # 从本次任务中学习到的经验和优化建议}
}
协议深度解析:
/agents.execute_task
协议将复杂的任务执行划分为三大逻辑阶段:
1.规划阶段 (/planning
):
* 核心目标: 从高层任务需求出发,制定一个可执行的详细计划。
* 子过程:
* /decompose
: 将大任务拆解成可管理的子任务。这是task_delegation_tool
的第一步。
* /sequence
: 确定子任务的执行顺序和并行性,构建任务依赖图。
* /assign
: 调用task_delegation_tool
的核心逻辑,根据子任务需求和智能体能力进行智能分配。
* /coordinate
: 调用coordination_protocol_tool
,为选定的智能体和任务依赖创建通信和同步计划。
* 产出: 详细的执行计划,包括子任务列表、智能体分配、任务依赖、时间表和通信协议。
2.执行阶段 (/execution
):
* 核心目标: 依据规划好的计划,实际启动智能体并管理它们的运行,同时处理运行时的动态变化。
* 子过程:
* /launch
: 启动所有被分配的智能体,将它们的任务和上下文传递给它们。
* /monitor
: 持续调用performance_monitoring_tool
,实时收集智能体状态和任务进度。
* /adjust
: 根据监控数据,实时进行调整。这可能涉及重分任务、调整优先级,甚至调用conflict_resolution_tool
来解决冲突。这也是系统自适应和韧性的体现。
* /synchronize
: 在多个智能体并行工作或有严格依赖时,确保它们在特定同步点上等待或以正确顺序交接。
* 关键要素: 这一阶段强调实时响应和动态管理。
3.验证阶段 (/validation
):
* 核心目标: 确保最终产出符合质量标准,并完成任务交付和经验总结。
* 子过程:
* /verify
: 对每个智能体完成的独立子任务产出进行初步质量检查,确保其自身的正确性。
* /integrate
: 将各个智能体的子任务成果整合起来,形成一个完整的、统一的最终产物。
* /review
: 进行最终的质量审查。这可能由一个专门的quality_assurance_agent
完成,或提交给人工专家进行最终确认。
* /finalize
: 交付最终成果,并生成包含执行报告、性能指标和经验教训的总结。
* 重要性: 关闭任务循环,确保交付物质量,并为系统学习提供宝贵数据。
真实场景模拟:“AI新闻内容生成与发布” 的详细协议流程
假设一个媒体机构需要快速生成并发布一篇关于“最新AI技术突破”的新闻报道。这个任务涉及多智能体协作:
- 智能体角色:
- 信息收集智能体 (NewsGathererAgent): 负责从多个新闻源、技术博客、学术论文中收集最新AI技术突破的相关信息。
- 内容撰写智能体 (ContentWriterAgent): 根据收集到的信息,撰写新闻报道初稿。
- 事实核查智能体 (FactCheckerAgent): 核对报道中的数据、引用和技术描述的准确性。
- 编辑优化智能体 (EditorAgent): 优化报道的语言、结构、可读性和SEO友好性。
- 发布智能体 (PublisherAgent): 将最终报道发布到新闻平台。
/agents.execute_task
流程模拟:
输入: task_specification
: “生成一篇关于最新LLM技术突破的新闻报道”, quality_requirements
: “准确、可读性高、SEO友好”, timeline_constraints
: “4小时内发布”, resource_limits
: “标准计算资源”。
1./planning
阶段:
* /decompose
: task_delegation_tool
将“生成新闻报道”分解为:
* 子任务1: “收集LLM最新进展” (NewsGathererAgent)
* 子任务2: “撰写初稿” (ContentWriterAgent)
* 子任务3: “核查事实” (FactCheckerAgent)
* 子任务4: “润色与优化” (EditorAgent)
* 子任务5: “发布报道” (PublisherAgent)
* /sequence
: 建立依赖关系:1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5。
* /assign
: task_delegation_tool
根据智能体能力和当前负载,分配上述子任务。
* /coordinate
: coordination_protocol_tool
设计协议:
* NewsGathererAgent完成时发送ResearchComplete
事件,附带原始资料。
* ContentWriterAgent监听ResearchComplete
事件,接收资料,开始撰写。
* ContentWriterAgent完成时发送DraftComplete
事件,附带初稿。
* FactCheckerAgent监听DraftComplete
事件,接收初稿,开始核查。
* FactCheckerAgent完成时发送FactCheckComplete
事件,附带核查报告(可能包含修正建议)。
* EditorAgent监听DraftComplete
和FactCheckComplete
,进行合并和优化编辑。
* EditorAgent完成时发送EditComplete
事件,附带终稿。
* PublisherAgent监听EditComplete
事件,接收终稿,开始发布。
2./execution
阶段:
* /launch
: 启动所有NewsGathererAgent、ContentWriterAgent、FactCheckerAgent、EditorAgent、PublisherAgent实例。
* /monitor
: performance_monitoring_tool
开始实时监控:
* NewsGathererAgent的数据收集进度。
* ContentWriterAgent的文本生成速度和初稿长度。
* FactCheckerAgent的核查覆盖率和发现的事实错误数量。
* EditorAgent的修改词语数量和优化建议采纳率。
* 任务总耗时与截止时间的差距。
* /adjust
:
* 如果NewsGathererAgent收集数据过慢,系统可能触发动态伸缩协议 (/agents.scale
) 增加一个额外的NewsGathererAgent来加速。
* 如果FactCheckerAgent发现大量事实错误,导致ContentWriterAgent需要大量修正,系统可能会启动冲突解决协议 (/agents.resolve_conflicts
),由一个协调智能体介入,要求ContentWriterAgent进行更严格的自我检查,或者提供更清晰的资料来源。
* /synchronize
: ContentWriterAgent会等待ResearchComplete
事件才开始,FactCheckerAgent等待DraftComplete
等。
3./validation
阶段:
* /verify
:
* NewsGathererAgent的输出(原始资料)是否完整、来自可靠源。
* ContentWriterAgent的输出是否是符合语法、主题相关的初稿。
* FactCheckerAgent的错误报告是否有明确的来源和修正建议。
* /integrate
: EditorAgent的工作就是整合ContentWriterAgent的初稿和FactCheckerAgent的核查结果,形成一个优化后的终稿。
* /review
: quality_assurance_tool
启动,对终稿进行语言质量、内容准确性、SEO关键词等方面的最终审核。如果质量不达标,可能触发回溯到EditorAgent进行二次修改。
* /finalize
: PublisherAgent将最终通过审核的报道发布到新闻网站,并生成一份包含发布时间、文章链接、各智能体耗时和发现问题数量的报告。
输出:
completed_task
: 发布后的新闻报道URL。execution_report
: 各智能体在各阶段的耗时、完成的任务量、发现/解决的问题点。performance_metrics
: 本次任务的从开始到发布总耗时、事实错误率、编辑修改率、文章可读性评分、SEO评分。lessons_learned
: 例如,“在AI报道任务中,FactCheckerAgent应更早介入”、“NewsGathererAgent需要更强大的多模态信息理解能力以减少撰写智能体的工作量”。
这个详细的协议流程展示了/agents.execute_task
如何将多个智能体的能力整合成一个统一、高效的工作流,并具备实时监控和自适应调整的能力。
4.2 动态智能体伸缩协议 (/agents.scale)
dynamic_agent_scaling_protocol
是Agentic Schemas的“资源管理器”,它负责根据实时的系统负载、性能指标和预设策略,智能地调整智能体网络的规模,以优化资源利用率和响应能力。
/agents.scale{intent="Dynamically adjust agent resources based on workload demands",input={current_workload, # 当前系统面临的工作负载描述(如任务队列长度、请求速率)performance_metrics, # 实时收集的性能指标(如吞吐量、响应时间、错误率、智能体利用率)resource_availability, # 基础设施中可用的计算、存储、网络资源scaling_policies # 定义伸缩行为的策略集合(如阈值、冷却时间、最大/最小实例数)},process=[/assess{action="Evaluate current system performance and capacity",description="持续监控当前系统的性能指标和智能体利用率,识别潜在的资源瓶颈或富余。判断系统是否处于健康状态。",metrics=["task_completion_rate", # 任务完成的速度"agent_utilization", # 智能体工作负载的平均水平"response_time", # 处理请求的平均时间"error_rate", # 任务处理过程中出现错误的频率"task_queue_length" # 待处理任务队列的长度 (新增重要指标)]},/decide{action="Determine scaling actions based on policies",description="根据评估结果和预设的伸缩策略(例如:基于阈值、预测性缩放、成本优化),决定是扩大规模、缩小规模、保持现状还是重新分配现有资源。",options=["scale_up", # 增加智能体实例"scale_down", # 减少智能体实例"maintain", # 维持当前规模"redistribute" # 在现有智能体间重新分配任务,优化负载均衡]},/implement{action="Execute scaling decisions",description="根据决策阶段的结论,实际执行资源调整操作。这包括调用基础设施API(如云服务商的VM/容器管理接口)来增减实例。",subprocesses=[/provision{action="Add new agents if scaling up", description="启动新的智能体实例,完成初始化配置,并将其注册到智能体网络中。"},/migrate{action="Transfer tasks if rebalancing", description="在缩减规模或重新分配时,将即将下线或过载智能体的任务安全地迁移到其他智能体。"},/optimize{action="Adjust agent configurations", description="根据新的负载状况和资源可用性,调整个别智能体或协调器的内部配置(如并发数、缓存大小)。"},/validate{action="Verify scaling effectiveness", description="在执行伸缩操作后,继续监控系统性能,验证伸缩行为是否达到了预期效果,并记录结果。"例如,在增加智能体后,任务队列长度是否下降、响应时间是否改善。}]}],output={scaling_actions, # 实际执行的伸缩操作列表new_configuration, # 伸缩后的智能体网络配置performance_impact, # 伸缩对系统性能的短期和长期影响评估cost_implications # 伸缩操作带来的成本变化}
}
协议深度解析:
/agents.scale
协议将动态伸缩划分为三大阶段:
1.评估阶段 (/assess
):
* 核心目标: 持续观察系统性能,判断当前资源是否满足工作负载需求。
* 关键指标: task_completion_rate
(任务完成率)、agent_utilization
(智能体利用率)、response_time
(响应时间)、error_rate
(错误率)以及新增的task_queue_length
(任务队列长度)都是评估的重要依据。例如,如果task_queue_length
长时间处于高位,说明当前智能体处理能力不足。
* 操作: performance_monitoring_tool
在此阶段发挥核心作用,负责数据收集和初步分析。
2.决策阶段 (/decide
):
* 核心目标: 根据评估结果和预设的scaling_policies
(伸缩策略),作出具体的伸缩决策。
* 伸缩策略:
* 基于阈值: 最常见的策略,如“当CPU利用率超过80%时增加智能体”、“当队列长度持续超过100时增加3个智能体”。
* 预测性伸缩: 基于历史负载模式预测未来需求,提前进行伸缩,避免滞后性。
* 成本优化: 考虑不同智能体实例的成本,在性能满足要求的前提下最小化运营开销。
* 冷却时间(Cooldown Period): 避免频繁的伸缩操作导致系统不稳定。
* 决策选项: scale_up
(扩容)、scale_down
(缩容)、maintain
(保持)、redistribute
(重新分配)。
3.实施阶段 (/implement
):
* 核心目标: 将决策阶段的指令转化为实际的基础设施操作。
* 子过程:
* /provision
: 如果是scale_up
,则调用云服务提供商的API(如AWS EC2/ECS/Lambda、Kubernetes部署API)来启动新的智能体实例,进行初始化并注册到服务发现中。
* /migrate
: 如果是scale_down
或redistribute
,需要安全地将受影响智能体正在处理的任务转移到其他智能体,确保数据不丢失、任务不中断。这可能需要优雅停机机制。
* /optimize
: 根据新的规模,调整智能体或协调器的某些配置,以更好地适应负载。
* /validate
: performance_monitoring_tool
会在此阶段再次介入,持续监控伸缩操作后的系统性能,验证是否达到了预期效果。例如,确认增加智能体后,响应时间是否降低、任务队列是否清空。
真实场景模拟:“智能客服系统负载均衡” 的详细协议流程
假设一个电商平台的智能客服系统,由一批客服智能体 (CustomerServiceAgent
) 提供服务。当促销活动或重要事件导致用户咨询量激增时,系统需要动态调整客服智能体数量以保持服务质量。
- 智能体角色:
- 客服智能体 (CustomerServiceAgent): 处理用户咨询,解答问题,提供购物指导。
- 负载监控智能体 (LoadMonitorAgent): 持续收集系统负载和性能数据。
- 伸缩决策智能体 (ScalingDecisionAgent): 根据监控数据和策略做出伸缩决策。
- 资源管理智能体 (ResourceManagerAgent): 负责实际的智能体实例增减。
/agents.scale
流程模拟:
输入: current_workload
: 当前API请求量、队列中待处理的用户咨询数量,performance_metrics
: 近5分钟平均响应时间、客服智能体平均CPU利用率,resource_availability
: 可用的云实例配额,scaling_policies
:
* scale_up_threshold
: 队列长度 > 50 或 平均响应时间 > 10s 或 平均CPU利用率 > 80%。
* scale_down_threshold
: 队列长度 < 10 且 平均CPU利用率 < 20% (并持续10分钟)。
* max_agents
: 20。 min_agents
: 2。
* cooldown_period
: 伸缩操作后5分钟内不再次伸缩。
1./assess
阶段 (由LoadMonitorAgent执行):
* LoadMonitorAgent持续调用performance_monitoring_tool
:
* 收集当前排队的用户咨询数量 (例如:task_queue_length
= 70)。
* 收集客服智能体的平均CPU利用率 (例如:agent_utilization
= 85%)。
* 收集平均响应时间 (例如:response_time
= 12s)。
* 与历史数据比较,识别趋势:咨询量急剧上升。
2./decide
阶段 (由ScalingDecisionAgent执行):
* ScalingDecisionAgent接收LoadMonitorAgent的评估数据。
* 根据scale_up_threshold
:
* 队列长度 (70) > 50 (阈值) -> 触发扩容条件。
* 平均CPU利用率 (85%) > 80% (阈值) -> 触发扩容条件。
* 平均响应时间 (12s) > 10s (阈值) -> 触发扩容条件。
* 决策: scale_up
(增加客服智能体)。决定增加3个CustomerServiceAgent实例,确保不超过max_agents
(当前8个,增加3个到11个,未超过20)。同时检查是否在cooldown_period
内,如果不在,则发出扩容指令。
3./implement
阶段 (由ResourceManagerAgent执行):
* /provision
: ResourceManagerAgent接收到扩容指令,调用云平台API:
* 启动3个新的CustomerServiceAgent
容器/虚拟机。
* 完成初始化,加载模型,并将其注册到客服系统(例如,添加到负载均衡器的目标组中)。
* /migrate
: 此场景下是扩容,不需要任务迁移。
* /optimize
: 新增智能体在线后,ResourceManagerAgent可能会通知协调器调整task_allocation_tool
的负载均衡算法,以将新任务更好地分配给新旧智能体。
* /validate
: LoadMonitorAgent继续密切关注:
* 新增智能体上线后,task_queue_length
是否迅速下降。
* response_time
是否回到正常水平(例如 < 5s)。
* 所有CustomerServiceAgent
的agent_utilization
是否趋于平衡。
* 如果效果不佳,可能再次触发/assess
进入下一个伸缩循环。
输出:
scaling_actions
:[{"action": "scale_up", "agent_type": "CustomerServiceAgent", "count": 3}]
new_configuration
:{"active_customer_service_agents": 11, "total_capacity_units": ...}
performance_impact
:{"queue_length_reduction": "60%", "response_time_improvement": "50%"}
cost_implications
:{"additional_hourly_cost": "X USD"}
这个案例展示了Agentic Schemas如何通过动态伸缩协议,使智能体系统能够应对真实世界中不可预测的负载波动,从而保持服务的高效和稳定。
4.3 冲突解决协议 (/agents.resolve_conflicts)
conflict_resolution_protocol
是Agentic Schemas的“仲裁者”,它在智能体网络中出现矛盾、资源争用或认知不一致时,介入并提供结构化的解决方案,以维护系统的稳定性和决策的一致性。
/agents.resolve_conflicts{intent="Resolve conflicts between agents and maintain system coherence",input={conflict_description, # 对冲突的详细描述(如涉及的智能体、冲突发生的时间、上下文,问题类型)involved_agents, # 参与冲突的智能体列表及其当前状态system_state, # 冲突发生时的系统快照(如任务进度、资源分配)resolution_policies # 预设的冲突解决策略(如优先级规则、仲裁机制)},process=[/analyze{action="Understand conflict nature and impact",description="分析冲突的类型(如资源争用、数据不一致、任务依赖冲突、决策分歧)、严重程度、影响范围以及根本原因。这可能包括追溯智能体行为日志、通信记录等。",factors=["conflict_type", # 冲突的分类 (e.g., "resource_contention", "data_inconsistency", "task_dependency_block")"severity_level", # 冲突的严重级别 (e.g., "CRITICAL", "MAJOR", "MINOR")"affected_agents", # 受影响的智能体列表"system_impact", # 对整体系统性能和任务进度的影响评估"root_cause_analysis" # 尝试识别冲突的深层原因 ]},/mediate{action="Facilitate conflict resolution process",description="根据冲突类型和严重程度,选择并执行合适的调解策略。这可能涉及优先级仲裁、资源重新分配、任务重构或智能体替换。可以调用专门的‘冲突调解智能体’协助。",strategies=["priority_based_resolution", # 根据预设优先级解决(如高优先级任务智能体获胜)"resource_reallocation", # 重新分配冲突的共享资源"task_restructuring", # 修改任务分配或依赖关系以避免冲突"agent_substitution", # 替换导致冲突的智能体"negotiation_protocol", # 启动智能体间协商协议 "human_intervention_escalation" # 升级至人工干预 ]},/implement{action="Execute resolution strategy",description="将决策好的解决方案付诸实施。这可能包括向相关智能体发送新的指令、更新任务状态、调整资源配置或触发其他系统事件。",subprocesses=[/communicate{action="Notify all affected agents", description="通知冲突相关智能体关于解决方案,并可能要求它们更新内部状态或行为。"},/adjust{action="Modify agent assignments or priorities", description="根据解决方案,调整受影响智能体的任务分配、优先级或参数。"},/monitor{action="Track resolution effectiveness", description="持续监控解决后的系统状态,验证冲突是否真正解决,并评估解决方案的长期影响。这可能在performance_monitoring_tool中实现。"},/document{action="Record conflict and resolution for learning", description="将冲突事件、解决方案及其结果记录下来,作为未来冲突处理的参考和系统学习的素材。"}]}],output={resolution_plan, # 详细的冲突解决计划implemented_changes, # 实际执行的变更列表system_stability, # 冲突解决后系统稳定性的评估prevention_strategies # 从本次冲突中吸取的教训和预防未来冲突的建议}
}
协议深度解析:
/agents.resolve_conflicts
协议将冲突解决划分为三大阶段:
1.分析阶段 (/analyze
):
* 核心目标: 全面理解冲突的本质、原因和影响。
* 关键因素:
* conflict_type
: 识别冲突的类别非常重要。常见类型包括:
* 资源争用 (Resource Contention): 两个或多个智能体尝试同时访问或修改同一个有限资源(如共享文件、数据库连接、计算资源)。
* 数据不一致 (Data Inconsistency): 智能体对共享数据的理解或其本地拷贝不一致,导致决策冲突。
* 任务依赖阻塞 (Task Dependency Block): 前置任务的智能体失败或延迟,导致后续依赖任务的智能体无法继续。
* 决策分歧 (Decision Disagreement): 智能体在执行任务过程中对下一步行动产生不同意见。
* severity_level
: 评估冲突对任务和系统整体的严重程度。
* affected_agents
: 识别所有直接或间接卷入冲突的智能体。
* system_impact
: 评估冲突对系统性能、响应时间、任务完成率的影响。
* root_cause_analysis
: 这一步需要深度挖掘,可能通过审查日志、智能体内部状态、通信记录,甚至调用diagnostic_agent
来找出冲突的根本原因。
* 操作: performance_monitoring_tool
和专属的conflict_resolution_tool
在此阶段协作。
2.调解阶段 (/mediate
):
* 核心目标: 根据分析结果,选择并执行最合适的调解策略。
* 调解策略:
* 优先级仲裁: 如果冲突涉及任务或智能体优先级,则按照预设的优先级规则进行裁决。
* 资源再分配 (resource_reallocation
): 例如,当两个智能体争用计算资源时,系统可能临时增加资源池,或重新分配一个智能体到其他空闲资源。
* 任务重构 (task_restructuring
): 修改任务的分解方式、智能体分配或任务依赖,以规避冲突。
* 智能体替换 (agent_substitution
): 如果某个智能体是冲突的持续来源(例如,频繁出错或与其他智能体不兼容),则考虑将其替换。
* 协商协议 (negotiation_protocol
): 启动一个智能体间的自动化协商过程,让智能体自行寻找妥协方案,如通过出价、投票或交易资源。
* 人工干预升级 (human_intervention_escalation
): 对于复杂或高风险的冲突,自动将问题升级给人类操作员进行最终裁决。
* 工具: conflict_resolution_tool
在此阶段决策并协调执行策略。
3.实施阶段 (/implement
):
* 核心目标: 将调解决策转化为实际的系统变更。
* 子过程:
* /communicate
: 将冲突解决方案通知所有受影响的智能体,确保它们了解变更并调整自己的行为。
* /adjust
: 根据解决方案,修改智能体的任务分配、内部优先级、参数配置或直接终止某些任务。
* /monitor
: performance_monitoring_tool
再次介入,持续跟踪解决后的系统状态,验证冲突是否真正化解,以及解决方案是否带来了负面副作用。
* /document
: 将本次冲突的详细信息(类型、原因、解决方案、结果)记录到知识库,作为未来冲突处理的经验,并用于训练优化模型。
真实场景模拟:“智能体同时尝试修改同一份共享文档” 的详细协议流程
假设一个文档协作系统中,有两个智能体:
- 写作智能体 (WriterAgent): 负责根据研究大纲撰写文档草稿。
- 编辑智能体 (EditorAgent): 负责实时检查写作智能体产出的文本,进行语法和风格修正。
两个智能体同时尝试修改同一份共享的在线文档(例如,一个Google Doc或Git仓库中的Markdown文件),导致了资源争用冲突。
/agents.resolve_conflicts
流程模拟:
输入: conflict_description
: “WriterAgent 和 EditorAgent 同时写入 shared_document.md
,导致版本冲突或数据损坏。”, involved_agents
: “[WriterAgent, EditorAgent]”, system_state
: “shared_document.md 处于冲突状态,协作协议已暂停。”, resolution_policies
:
* “资源共享冲突优先使用乐观锁或基于Git的版本控制。”
* “写作智能体优先级高于编辑智能体,但编辑智能体必须在写作智能体完成一定段落后才能介入。”
* “对于文档协作,采纳基于时间戳的最新有效版本。”
1./analyze
阶段:
* conflict_resolution_tool检测到 shared_document.md
的写入冲突(例如,版本控制系统报告冲突)。
* conflict_type
: resource_contention
(共享文档的写入权限)。
* severity_level
: MAJOR
(数据可能丢失,任务阻塞)。
* affected_agents
: WriterAgent, EditorAgent。
* system_impact
: 文档写作工作流暂停,等待解决。
* root_cause_analysis
: 发现协调协议中没有明确定义shared_document.md
的共享写入策略,或缺乏原子性操作。
2./mediate
阶段:
* 根据分析结果,conflict_resolution_tool
选择调解策略。
* 策略选择: 考虑resolution_policies
,决定采用“基于Git的版本控制”和“写作智能体优先级”。
* 具体方案:
* 指示WriterAgent在每次完成一个“段落”或“章节”后提交其修改。
* 指示EditorAgent监听WriterAgent的提交事件,然后拉取最新版本进行编辑。
* 明确EditorAgent在编辑时,WriterAgent应暂停对同一区域的写入,等待EditorAgent完成。或者,EditorAgent只编辑已完成的、WriterAgent承诺不再修改的区域。
* 引入“乐观锁”机制:智能体在修改前尝试获取文档的“版本号”,修改后带上新的版本号更新。如果版本号不匹配,说明被其他智能体修改过,需重新拉取合并。
3./implement
阶段:
* /communicate
: conflict_resolution_tool
向WriterAgent和EditorAgent发送新的指令:
* 对WriterAgent: “请在完成1个段落后提交文档,并在提交时附带 commit_message '新增段落X'
。”
* 对EditorAgent: “请订阅WriterAgent的提交事件。每次新提交后,拉取最新文档,然后仅对已提交并确认稳定的段落进行编辑,并在编辑完成后提交。”
* /adjust
: 更新coordination_protocol_tool
定义的协议,添加新的通信事件和同步点。例如,"{writer_agent_id}_segment_committed"
事件,EditorAgent
监听此事件。
* /monitor
: performance_monitoring_tool
密切关注文档的版本冲突率是否下降,以及两个智能体的工作流是否恢复。
* /document
: 记录本次冲突的类型、根本原因(协议缺乏明确的共享资源访问策略)、采用的解决方案(Git版本控制、事件驱动协同、乐观锁)和效果。这有助于改进未来的协议设计。
输出:
resolution_plan
: 详细的文档协同策略更新(如上所述)。implemented_changes
: 智能体指令更新、协调协议变更、可能引入版本控制客户端。system_stability
: 文档协作工作流恢复正常,版本冲突率降低。prevention_strategies
: “强制所有共享资源访问模块实现事务性或带版本控制接口”,“对于高并发写入场景考虑乐观锁或悲观锁机制”。
这个冲突解决协议的案例展示了Agentic Schemas如何提供一个结构化的方法来识别、诊断并化解智能体之间的复杂冲突,从而确保多智能体系统的健壮性。
5. 智能体模式模板:标准化与互操作性的基石
在Agentic Schemas框架中,JSON Schema扮演着至关重要的角色。它提供了一种强大、声明性的方法来定义数据结构、智能体特性、任务要求和协调模式。通过标准化这些“模式模板”,框架实现了高度的互操作性、可验证性和可维护性,使得不同智能体之间、智能体与协调器之间能够以统一的语言进行通信和理解。
JSON Schema的优势在于:
- 强制结构: 明确数据字段的名称、类型和是否必需,确保数据格式一致。
- 数据验证: 自动验证传入数据是否符合预设结构,减少运行时错误。
- 文档生成: 可从Schema自动生成API文档和用户指南。
- 互操作性: 不同的系统或智能体可以共享同一Schema,从而理解彼此的数据。
以下将详细解析框架提供的三种核心JSON Schema模板。
5.1 基本智能体定义模式 (Agent Definition Schema)
该Schema用于描述智能体的基本信息、能力、可用性及其性能指标,是构建智能体画像库、实现智能体发现与选择的基础。
{"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#","title": "Agent Definition Schema","description": "Schema for defining agent capabilities and characteristics","type": "object","properties": {"agent_id": {"type": "string","description": "Unique identifier for the agent (e.g., 'researcher_v1', 'data_analyst_beta')."},"agent_name": { # 新增字段"type": "string","description": "Human-readable name for the agent (e.g., 'Market Research Bot')."},"agent_type": {"type": "string","enum": ["specialist", "generalist", "coordinator", "monitor", "human_proxy", "ai_model"], # 扩展枚举值"description": "Agent specialization type. Specialist focuses on narrow tasks, Generalist handles broad range, Coordinator manages other agents, Monitor tracks performance, Human_Proxy represents human interaction, AI_Model encapsulates a specific model."},"capabilities": {"type": "object","description": "Defines the specific skills and operational capacities of the agent.","properties": {"primary_skills": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string", "description": "Core competencies of the agent (e.g., 'data_analysis', 'nlp', 'image_generation')."},"description": "Primary competencies of the agent, critical for its main purpose."},"secondary_skills": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string", "description": "Supporting or auxiliary competencies (e.g., 'summarization', 'translation', 'api_integration')."},"description": "Supporting competencies that enhance the agent's versatility."},"tool_access": { # 新增字段"type": "array","items": {"type": "string", "description": "List of external tools/APIs the agent can use (e.g., 'Google_Search_API', 'Code_Interpreter', 'Database_Query_Tool')."},"description": "External tools or APIs the agent has access to and can proficiently use."},"processing_capacity": {"type": "object","description": "Details about the agent's computational and operational limits.","properties": {"max_concurrent_tasks": {"type": "integer", "minimum": 1, "description": "Maximum number of tasks the agent can handle simultaneously."},"average_task_duration": {"type": "string", "pattern": "^[0-9]+(ms|s|m|h|d)$", "description": "Average time taken for a typical task (e.g., '30m', '2h')."},"resource_requirements": {"type": "object","description": "Estimated computational resources required per task or per agent instance.","properties": {"cpu_cores": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0.1},"memory_gb": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0.1},"gpu_units": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0, "description": "Fractional or integer GPU units required."},"network_bandwidth_mbps": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0}}},"cost_per_unit_time": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0, "description": "Cost per hour or per task in USD/RMB."}, # 新增成本字段"latency_ms": {"type": "integer", "minimum": 0, "description": "Typical response latency in milliseconds."} # 新增延迟字段}}},"required": ["primary_skills", "processing_capacity"]},"availability": {"type": "object","description": "Current availability and scheduling information of the agent.","properties": {"status": {"type": "string","enum": ["available", "busy", "maintenance", "offline", "unresponsive"], # 扩展枚举值"description": "Current operational status of the agent."},"current_load": {"type": "number","minimum": 0,"maximum": 1,"description": "Current workload relative to maximum capacity (0.0 to 1.0)."},"schedule": {"type": "object","description": "Detailed availability schedule for future planning (e.g., daily working hours, planned downtime).","properties": {"working_hours": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string", "pattern": "^\\d{2}:\\d{2}-\\d{2}:\\d{2}$", "description": "e.g., '09:00-17:00'"} }}}}},"performance_metrics": {"type": "object","description": "Historical performance data of the agent, used for selection and optimization.","properties": {"success_rate": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0, "maximum": 1, "description": "Overall task success rate (historical)."},"average_response_time": {"type": "string", "pattern": "^[0-9]+(ms|s|m|h)$", "description": "Average time to respond to a task, unit-suffixed."},"quality_score": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0, "maximum": 1, "description": "Average quality score of its outputs (e.g., from QA agent or human feedback)."},"collaboration_rating": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0, "maximum": 1, "description": "Rating of how well it collaborates with other agents (e.g., adherence to protocols, communication effectiveness)."},"error_rate": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0, "maximum": 1, "description": "Frequency of critical errors per task."} # 新增错误率}},"communication_preferences": {"type": "object","properties": {"preferred_protocols": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string", "description": "Preferred communication protocols (e.g., 'HTTP/JSON', 'MQTT', 'gRPC')."}},"message_formats": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string", "description": "Supported message data formats (e.g., 'JSON', 'YAML', 'Protobuf', 'Markdown')."}},"response_frequency": {"type": "string", "enum": ["immediate", "hourly", "daily", "on_completion"], "description": "How frequently the agent typically sends updates or responses."}}},"security_profile": { # 新增字段"type": "object","properties": {"clearance_level": {"type": "string", "enum": ["none", "confidential", "secret", "top_secret"], "description": "Security clearance required for handling sensitive data."},"data_access_permissions": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "description": "Specific data resources the agent is authorized to access."}}}},"required": ["agent_id", "agent_type", "capabilities", "availability"]
}
逐字段深入解析:
agent_id
(必需): 智能体的唯一标识符。如同人类的身份证号码,用于在整个系统中唯一识别一个智能体实例。agent_name
: 智能体的可读名称,方便人类理解和管理。agent_type
(必需): 智能体的基本分类,描述其主要职责。扩展了枚举值:specialist
: 专注于某一狭窄领域的专家。generalist
: 能处理多种通用任务。coordinator
: 负责协调其他智能体。monitor
: 专注于系统或智能体性能监控。human_proxy
: 代表人类用户或特定人机交互接口。ai_model
: 直接封装一个大型AI模型(如LLM)作为智能体的一部分能力。
capabilities
(必需): 详细描述智能体的能力集合。primary_skills
(必需): 智能体的核心竞争力清单,如“数据分析”、“自然语言处理”、“图像生成”。secondary_skills
: 辅助技能,增强其通用性或提供特定支持,如“总结”、“翻译”、“API集成”。tool_access
: 智能体可以调用和使用的外部工具或API列表,这在大模型时代尤为重要,如“Google_Search_API”、“Code_Interpreter”、“Database_Query_Tool”。processing_capacity
: 智能体的运行能力指标。max_concurrent_tasks
: 最大并发任务数,决定其并行处理能力。average_task_duration
: 完成一个典型任务的平均耗时,用于任务调度估算。resource_requirements
: 执行任务所需的计算资源,如cpu_cores
,memory_gb
,gpu_units
,network_bandwidth_mbps
。cost_per_unit_time
: 智能体运行的成本,在成本敏感型任务或伸缩决策中非常重要。latency_ms
: 典型任务响应延迟,影响系统实时性。
availability
(必需): 智能体的当前可用性和日程安排。status
: 智能体的实时状态,如available
(空闲)、busy
(忙碌)、maintenance
(维护中)、offline
(离线)、unresponsive
(无响应,新增,指示可能故障)。current_load
: 当前工作负载,0.0-1.0之间,用于负载均衡和智能体选择。schedule
: 详细的可用时间表,用于长期规划,如working_hours
。
performance_metrics
: 智能体的历史表现数据,用于智能体选择、评估和优化。success_rate
: 历史任务成功率。average_response_time
: 平均响应时间。quality_score
: 其产出的质量评分,可来自QA智能体或人工反馈。collaboration_rating
: 与其他智能体协作的效果评分。error_rate
: 任务执行中发生错误的频率,指示智能体的稳定性。
communication_preferences
: 智能体偏好的通信方式。preferred_protocols
: 偏好的通信协议,如HTTP/JSON
、MQTT
、gRPC
。message_formats
: 支持的消息数据格式,如JSON
、YAML
、Protobuf
、Markdown
。response_frequency
: 典型响应频率,如immediate
、hourly
、daily
、on_completion
。
security_profile
: 智能体处理敏感数据的能力和权限。clearance_level
: 安全许可级别,如confidential
、secret
、top_secret
。data_access_permissions
: 智能体被授权访问的特定数据资源列表。
如何通过该Schema构建智能体画像库:
每个部署的智能体实例都将拥有一个符合此Schema的JSON配置文件或运行时状态记录。这些记录汇集成一个“智能体画像库”,供agent_selector_tool
查询和匹配。
实际应用:智能体发现与注册机制:
当一个新的智能体上线时,它需要向协调框架注册其Agent Definition
。框架接收并验证其Schema,然后将其信息添加到可用的智能体池中。需要任务的协调器可以通过查询这个库来“发现”并选择合适的智能体。
Pro-Tip: 持续更新performance_metrics
中的数据,尤其是quality_score
和error_rate
,至关重要。这些实时更新的数据能确保agent_selection_tool
做出越来越智能的决策。
5.2 任务委托模式 (Task Delegation Schema)
该Schema用于描述一个任务的详细要求,以及它被分解和委托后的计划,为任务的生命周期管理提供了结构化视图。
{"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#","title": "Task Delegation Schema","description": "Schema for task delegation and assignment","type": "object","properties": {"task_id": {"type": "string","description": "Unique identifier for the task (e.g., 'marketing_report_Q3_2024')."},"parent_task_id": { # 新增字段"type": "string","description": "Identifier of the parent task if this is a subtask."},"task_name": { # 新增字段"type": "string","description": "Human-readable name for the task (e.g., 'Generate Q3 Marketing Report')."},"task_description": {"type": "string","description": "Detailed natural language description of the task."},"priority": { # 新增字段"type": "string","enum": ["low", "medium", "high", "critical"],"description": "Priority level of the task."},"status": { # 新增字段"type": "string","enum": ["pending", "in_progress", "paused", "completed", "failed", "cancelled"],"description": "Current status of the task."},"requirements": {"type": "object","description": "Detailed specifications and constraints for task execution.","properties": {"skills_required": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string", "description": "Skills necessary to complete this task (e.g., 'data_analysis', 'report_writing')."}},"estimated_effort": {"type": "string", "pattern": "^[0-9]+(ms|s|m|h|d)$", "description": "Estimated time investment (e.g., '40h', '5d')."},"deadline": {"type": "string", "format": "date-time", "description": "Absolute deadline for task completion."},"quality_standards": {"type": "object","description": "Specific standards for output quality (e.g., accuracy, format, completeness).","properties": {"min_accuracy_score": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0, "maximum": 1},"output_format": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},"completeness_criteria": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}}},"resource_constraints": {"type": "object","description": "Specific resource limitations or requirements (e.g., budget, compute capacity).","properties": {"max_cost_usd": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0},"required_gpu_capacity": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0}}},"data_sources": { # 新增字段"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"},"description": "URIs or identifiers of data sources required for the task."},"output_destinations": { # 新增字段"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"},"description": "URIs or identifiers of where the task output should be delivered."}}},"dependencies": { # 新增字段"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"},"description": "List of task_ids that must be completed before this task can start."},"delegation_plan": {"type": "object","properties": {"assigned_agents": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "object","properties": {"agent_id": {"type": "string", "description": "ID of the assigned agent."},"role": {"type": "string", "description": "Specific role of the agent in this task (e.g., 'primary_writer', 'secondary_reviewer')."},"responsibilities": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "description": "Key responsibilities assigned to this agent for the task."},"estimated_completion": {"type": "string", "pattern": "^[0-9]+(ms|s|m|h|d)$", "description": "Agent's estimated time to complete its portion of the task."},"start_time": {"type": "string", "format": "date-time", "description": "Scheduled start time for agent's part."},"end_time": {"type": "string", "format": "date-time", "description": "Scheduled end time for agent's part."}},"required": ["agent_id", "responsibilities"]}},"coordination_protocol": {"type": "object","description": "A reference or inline definition of the coordination protocol governing these agents for this task." # 可以是链接或嵌入的协议},"success_metrics": {"type": "object","description": "Specific metrics to measure the success of this delegated task.","properties": {"on_time_delivery": {"type": "boolean"},"budget_adherence": {"type": "boolean"},"output_quality_score": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0, "maximum": 1}}},"contingency_plans": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "object", "description": "Fallback strategies for potential failures."},"description": "Backup plans for potential failures or deviations (e.g., 'escalate_if_deadline_missed', 'reassign_on_agent_failure')."}},"required": ["assigned_agents", "coordination_protocol"]},"monitoring_config": {"type": "object","properties": {"checkpoints": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "object","properties": {"name": {"type": "string"},"description": {"type": "string"},"due_date": {"type": "string", "format": "date-time"},"metrics_to_collect": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},"trigger_conditions": {"type": "object", "description": "Conditions to trigger the checkpoint (e.g., 'task_chunk_completed')."}}}},"performance_indicators": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"},"description": "List of specific KPIs to monitor for this task (e.g., 'cpu_usage', 'error_rate', 'throughput')."},"alert_conditions": {"type": "object","description": "Thresholds or rules that trigger alerts for this task (e.g., {'error_rate': {'gt': 0.1}})."}},"required": ["checkpoints", "performance_indicators"]}},"required": ["task_id", "task_name", "task_description", "requirements", "delegation_plan"]
}
逐字段深入解析:
task_id
(必需): 任务的唯一标识符。parent_task_id
: 如果此任务是某个更大任务的子任务,则指向父任务的ID,形成任务层次结构。task_name
: 任务的可读名称。task_description
(必需): 任务的详细文字描述。priority
: 任务优先级(low
,medium
,high
,critical
),影响调度决策。status
: 任务的当前状态(pending
,in_progress
,paused
,completed
,failed
,cancelled
)。requirements
: 任务执行的详细需求和约束。skills_required
: 完成任务所需的技能清单。estimated_effort
: 估计完成任务所需的工作量。deadline
: 任务的硬性截止日期。quality_standards
: 期望的输出质量标准,如最小准确度、输出格式、完整性条件等。resource_constraints
: 预算、GPU容量等资源限制。data_sources
: 任务所需输入数据的来源URI或标识符,明确数据流源头。output_destinations
: 任务产出应交付到的目标URI或标识符,明确数据流终点。
dependencies
: 依赖任务的列表。在启动此任务前,列出的task_id
必须完成。delegation_plan
(必需): 任务的委托与分配方案。assigned_agents
(必需): 负责此任务(或子任务)的智能体列表,每个智能体有其agent_id
,role
,responsibilities
,estimated_completion
,start_time
,end_time
。coordination_protocol
(必需): 用于协调这些智能体的协议(可引用或内联)。success_metrics
: 衡量此任务成功与否的具体指标,如on_time_delivery
,budget_adherence
,output_quality_score
。contingency_plans
: 面对潜在失败的回退策略。
monitoring_config
: 针对此任务的定制化监控配置。checkpoints
(必需): 关键检查点列表,包含name
,description
,due_date
,metrics_to_collect
,trigger_conditions
。performance_indicators
(必需): 针对此任务需要特别关注的KPI列表。alert_conditions
: 针对此任务的定制化告警规则和阈值。
如何定义可被智能体理解和执行的任务:
一个符合Task Delegation Schema
的JSON对象,可以被task_delegation_tool
解析,并为其提供所有必要的信息来分解、分配和管理任务。智能体可以查询此Schema来理解它们的职责和任务的上下文。
实际应用:任务分解后的子任务描述与分配:
当一个复杂任务被task_delegation_tool
分解为多个子任务时,每个子任务都会生成一个独立的(或内嵌在父任务的delegation_plan
中的)Task Delegation Schema
实例。这使得每个子任务都成为一个可跟踪、可管理、可独立委托的单元,极大地提升了复杂工作流的清晰度和可控性。
Pro-Tip: dependencies
字段对于构建有向无环图(DAG)的任务工作流至关重要。确保所有任务的依赖关系都清晰定义,以避免死锁和循环依赖。
5.3 协调模式 (Coordination Pattern Schema)
该Schema用于定义可复用的智能体协调模式,它抽象了智能体在特定场景下如何通信、同步和协作的范式,是构建和管理复杂协作模式的蓝图。
{"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#","title": "Coordination Pattern Schema","description": "Schema for defining agent coordination patterns","type": "object","properties": {"pattern_id": {"type": "string","description": "Unique identifier for the coordination pattern (e.g., 'sequential_content_pipeline', 'peer_review_consensus')."},"pattern_name": { # 新增字段"type": "string","description": "Human-readable name for the pattern."},"description": { # 新增字段"type": "string","description": "Detailed natural language description of what this pattern achieves and when to use it."},"pattern_type": {"type": "string","enum": ["hierarchical", "peer_to_peer", "pipeline", "broadcast", "consensus", "leader_follower", "marketplace", "custom"], # 扩展枚举值"description": "Type of coordination pattern, defining the overall interaction structure."},"participants": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "object","properties": {"role": {"type": "string", "description": "Abstract role in the pattern (e.g., 'initiator', 'responder', 'leader', 'worker')."}, # 抽象角色而非具体的agent_id"required_capabilities": { # 新增字段"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"},"description": "Minimum required capabilities for agents fulfilling this role."},"number_of_agents": { # 新增字段"type": "integer","minimum": 0, "default": 1,"description": "Expected number of agents required for this role (-1 for dynamic)."},"responsibilities": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "description": "Key responsibilities of agents in this role within the pattern."},"communication_rules": {"type": "object","description": "Specific communication rules for this role within the pattern.","properties": {"can_initiate_communication": {"type": "boolean"},"listens_to": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "description": "Message types/events this role listens for."},"sends_messages": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "description": "Message types/events this role can send."}}}},"required": ["role", "responsibilities", "required_capabilities"]},"description": "Abstract roles and their communication rules within the pattern. Actual agent_ids are assigned at runtime."},"communication_flow": {"type": "object","description": "Detailed description of how information and control flow within the pattern.","properties": {"message_routes": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "object","properties": {"from_role": {"type": "string"},"to_role": {"type": "string"},"message_type": {"type": "string"},"data_schema_ref": {"type": "string", "description": "Reference to a Message Schema for data validation."} # 新增消息数据Schema引用},"required": ["from_role", "to_role", "message_type"]},"description": "Defines the pathways and types of messages exchanged between roles."},"synchronization_points": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "object","properties": {"name": {"type": "string"},"trigger_condition": {"type": "string", "description": "Condition that triggers synchronization (e.g., 'all_workers_completed')."},"action_on_sync": {"type": "string", "description": "Action to take once synchronized (e.g., 'notify_leader', 'proceed_next_stage')."}}},"description": "Crucial points where agents must coordinate before proceeding."},"decision_points": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "object","properties": {"name": {"type": "string"},"decision_maker_role": {"type": "string", "description": "Role responsible for making the decision."},"input_from_roles": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "description": "Roles whose input is needed for decision."},"output_decisions": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "description": "Possible decisions/actions that can be taken."}}},"description": "Points in the pattern where a decision mechanism (e.g., voting, leader decision) is applied."},"escalation_procedures": {"type": "object","description": "Rules for escalating issues or deadlocks within the pattern.","properties": {"on_timeout": {"type": "string"},"on_conflict": {"type": "string"}}}},"required": ["message_routes", "synchronization_points"]},"performance_expectations": {"type": "object","properties": {"expected_throughput": {"type": "number", "description": "Anticipated number of tasks processed per unit time."},"target_response_time": {"type": "string", "pattern": "^[0-9]+(ms|s|m|h|d)$", "description": "Expected end-to-end latency for tasks handled by this pattern."},"quality_thresholds": {"type": "object", "description": "Minimum acceptable quality scores for outputs."},"resource_utilization": {"type": "object", "description": "Expected average resource utilization (e.g., CPU, memory)."}}},"adaptation_rules": {"type": "object","properties": {"scaling_triggers": { # 可以指向Dynamic Agent Scaling Protocol"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"},"description": "Conditions that trigger dynamic scaling for this pattern (e.g., 'high_task_queue_pressure')."},"rebalancing_conditions": {"type": "object","description": "Conditions that trigger rebalancing of agents within the pattern (e.g., 'uneven_agent_load')."},"failure_recovery": {"type": "object","description": "Specific recovery actions for failures within this pattern (e.g., 'retry_failed_subtask', 'reassign_to_backup_agent')."}}}},"required": ["pattern_id", "pattern_type", "participants", "communication_flow"]
}
逐字段深入解析:
pattern_id
(必需): 模式的唯一标识符。pattern_name
: 模式的可读名称。description
: 详细描述模式的作用、适用场景和解决的问题。pattern_type
(必需): 模式的类型,定义了智能体间的整体交互结构。扩展了枚举值:hierarchical
: 分层结构,有领导者和下属。peer_to_peer
: 对等协作,无中心领导。pipeline
: 智能体按顺序处理数据流。broadcast
: 信息从一个点传播给所有接收者。consensus
: 通过投票或其他方法达成共识。leader_follower
: 有一个领导者协调,其他是跟随者。marketplace
: 智能体通过竞价机制选择任务。custom
: 自定义模式。
participants
(必需): 参与此模式的抽象角色定义。role
: 抽象角色名称,如initiator
(发起者)、responder
(响应者)、leader
、worker
。注意这里是抽象角色,而非具体的智能体ID。required_capabilities
: 扮演此角色所需的最低能力集,用于运行时匹配具体智能体。number_of_agents
: 此角色期望的智能体数量(-1表示动态)。responsibilities
: 此角色在模式中的关键职责。communication_rules
: 此角色的特有通信规则。can_initiate_communication
: 是否可以发起通信。listens_to
: 监听的消息类型或事件。sends_messages
: 可以发送的消息类型或事件。
communication_flow
(必需): 详细描述模式中的信息和控制流。message_routes
(必需): 定义角色之间消息传递的路径、类型和数据Schema引用(data_schema_ref
),实现强类型消息传递。synchronization_points
(必需): 定义协调的关键同步点,以及触发条件和同步后的动作。decision_points
: 模式中包含的决策机制,如由哪个角色决策、需要哪些输入、可能有哪些输出决策。escalation_procedures
: 模式内部处理异常或死锁的升级规则。
performance_expectations
: 对此协调模式的性能预期。expected_throughput
: 预期的任务处理吞吐量。target_response_time
: 期望的端到端响应时间。quality_thresholds
: 产出的最低质量要求。resource_utilization
: 预期的平均资源利用率。
adaptation_rules
: 模式的自适应与韧性规则。scaling_triggers
: 当此模式下的负载达到何种条件时,应触发动态伸缩。rebalancing_conditions
: 何时触发智能体内部负载均衡。failure_recovery
: 在此模式下发生故障时的具体恢复动作。
如何通过Schema定义可复用的协作范式:
Coordination Pattern Schema
允许开发者定义一次通用的协作逻辑(例如,一个“两阶段提交”模式或一个“专家组评审”模式),然后可以在不同任务中复用。当需要应用该模式时,coordination_protocol_tool
会加载这个Schema,并将其中的抽象角色映射到具体的Agent Definition
实例。
实际应用:不同团队或部门的协作流程模板:
在大型企业中,不同团队或部门可能有其特有的协作流程。例如,一个“市场营销内容审批流程”可以定义为pipeline
模式,包含Creator
、ComplianceReviewer
和Approver
三个角色。每次发起内容审批,只需实例化这个模式,并为每个角色分配具体的智能体或人工代理。
Pro-Tip: 协调模式的设计应该尽可能地抽象和通用化,以便在广泛的场景中复用。它既是文档,也是可执行的配置,指导着智能体网络的运行时行为。
6. 实施案例:构建可复现的智能体协作系统
本章将通过几个详细的实训案例,展示如何将Agentic Schemas框架的理论概念、认知工具和协议外壳应用于实际的多智能体系统开发中。所有案例均以概念性伪代码和详尽说明呈现,旨在展示设计思路与逻辑,而非直接可运行的代码。目的是让读者能够理解其背后的机制,并根据指导自行构建系统。
6.1 基本多智能体工作流:内容创作与审核自动化
案例目标: 自动化一个博客文章从构思、撰写、审查到发布的完整流程。这在内容营销、新闻生产等领域非常常见,可以极大地提升效率和内容质量。
智能体角色定义 (基于Agent Definition Schema):
- 研究员智能体 (ResearcherAgent):
agent_type
:specialist
primary_skills
:market_research
,data_collection
,topic_deep_dive
secondary_skills
:summarization
,keyword_extraction
performance_metrics
:success_rate
: 0.95,quality_score
: 0.9
- 撰稿人智能体 (WriterAgent):
agent_type
:specialist
primary_skills
:content_writing
,creative_writing
,technical_writing
secondary_skills
:llm_prompt_engineering
,tone_adaptation
performance_metrics
:success_rate
: 0.92,quality_score
: 0.88
- 审阅者智能体 (ReviewerAgent):
agent_type
:specialist
primary_skills
:editing
,fact_checking
,quality_control
,compliance_review
secondary_skills
:grammar_correction
,style_guideline_check
performance_metrics
:success_rate
: 0.98,quality_score
: 0.95
- 格式编排智能体 (FormatterAgent):
agent_type
:specialist
primary_skills
:text_formatting
,markdown_conversion
,image_placement
,seo_optimization
secondary_skills
:html_generation_basic
performance_metrics
:success_rate
: 0.99,quality_score
: 0.96
可用智能体池 (简化的Python字典表示):
agents_pool = [{"id": "researcher_1", "type": "specialist", "skills": ["market_research", "data_collection", "topic_deep_dive", "summarization", "keyword_extraction"], "load": 0.3},{"id": "writer_alpha", "type": "specialist", "skills": ["content_writing", "creative_writing", "technical_writing", "llm_prompt_engineering", "tone_adaptation"], "load": 0.5},{"id": "reviewer_senior", "type": "specialist", "skills": ["editing", "fact_checking", "quality_control", "compliance_review", "grammar_correction"], "load": 0.2},{"id": "formatter_pro", "type": "specialist", "skills": ["text_formatting", "markdown_conversion", "image_placement", "seo_optimization"], "load": 0.1},]
# Real agent_pool would be richer, adhering to Agent Definition Schema
案例流程模拟:
# 假设的Agentic Schemas核心协调器
class AgenticCoordinator:def __init__(self, agent_pool):self._agent_pool = agent_poolself._active_tasks = {} # Track active tasksself._history_log = [] # Store history for MEM1 learningdef delegate_task(self, task_description, deadline, quality_requirements):# 1. 任务分解与计划生成# 调用 task_delegation_tooldelegation_result = task_delegation_tool(task_description=task_description,agent_pool=self._agent_pool,deadline=deadline,quality_requirements=quality_requirements)task_id = delegation_result["task_id"]# 2. 智能体选择 (task_delegation_tool内部已包含简化选择)# 实际 Agent Selection Tool (agent_selection_tool) 可能独立调用以优化# selected_agents = agent_selection_tool(...) # 3. 工作流协调# 基于 delegation_result 中的 subtasks 和 assigned_agents 来构建 dependencies for coordination_protocol_tooltask_names = [st['subtask_name'] for st in delegation_result['delegation_plan']]# 简化版依赖映射dependencies = {"Perform Competitor Analysis": ["Collect Market Data"], "Analyze Product Launches & Shifts": ["Collect Market Data"],"Conduct Customer Sentiment Analysis": ["Collect Market Data"], "Synthesize Findings & Draft Report": ["Perform Competitor Analysis", "Analyze Product Launches & Shifts", "Conduct Customer Sentiment Analysis"],"Review and Finalize Report": ["Synthesize Findings & Draft Report"] #Simplified, actual mapping needs care}# 从 delegation_result 提取实际分配的智能体列表用于协议工具assigned_agents_list = []for assign in delegation_result['delegation_plan']:# Need to get full agent profile from _agent_pool based on agent_idagent_profile = next((a for a in self._agent_pool if a['id'] == assign['assigned_agent_id']), None)if agent_profile and agent_profile not in assigned_agents_list:assigned_agents_list.append(agent_profile)coordination_config = coordination_protocol_tool(agents=assigned_agents_list, # 使用实际分配的智能体task_dependencies=dependencies,communication_preferences={"default_message_format": "json", "default_sync_frequency": "hourly"})# 将协调配置存储到活动任务中delegation_result["coordination_config"] = coordination_configself._active_tasks[task_id] = {"status": "pending_execution", "plan": delegation_result, "protocol": coordination_config["coordination_protocol"]}# 4. 执行与监控execution_report = self._execute_coordinated_workflow(task_id, delegation_result, coordination_config)# 5. 存储历史以便MEM1学习self._history_log.append({"task_id": task_id,"status": execution_report["final_status"],"metrics": execution_report["performance_metrics"],"plan": delegation_result,"lessons_learned": execution_report["lessons_learned"]})print(f"[{task_id}] Workflow completed with status: {execution_report['final_status']}")return execution_reportdef _execute_coordinated_workflow(self, task_id, delegation_plan, coordination_config):print(f"\n[{task_id}] Activating coordinated workflow...")# 模拟任务执行,这里需要一个真正的执行器(Agent Runtime)来调度智能体# 实际系统中,这将是一个循环,智能体在收到消息后执行,并发送结果# 1. 初始化智能体状态agent_status = {assign['assigned_agent_id']: {"status": "idle", "output": None, "current_subtask": None} for assign in delegation_plan['delegation_plan']}task_status = {subtask['subtask_name']: {"status": "pending", "output": None, "assigned_agent": subtask['assigned_agent_id']} for subtask in delegation_plan['delegation_plan']}# In a real system, you'd have an event loop here# For demo, we simulate sequential execution based on simplified dependencies and assignmentsexecuted_subtasks = []# Simplified execution flow (based on content creation pipeline)# Adapt this based on the actual refined delegation plan from `task_delegation_tool`# Assuming the example subtasks from _decompose_task in task_delegation_tool# Step 1: Research (Collect Market Data)print(f"[{task_id}] Executing 'Collect Market Data' by {delegation_plan['delegation_plan'][0]['assigned_agent_id']}...")market_data = "Simulated market data collected."task_status['Collect Market Data']['status'] = 'completed'task_status['Collect Market Data']['output'] = market_dataexecuted_subtasks.append('Collect Market Data')# Step 2-4: Analysis (Perform Competitor Analysis, Analyze Product Launches, Conduct Sentiment Analysis)# Need to determine which agents are assigned to these. For simplicity, assume they run and finish.# Let's assume 'researcher_1' does all these analysis steps in this simplified flowprint(f"[{task_id}] Executing Analysis tasks by {delegation_plan['delegation_plan'][1]['assigned_agent_id']}...")competitor_analysis = "Simulated competitor analysis."product_launches = "Simulated product launch analysis."sentiment_analysis = "Simulated sentiment analysis."if 'Perform Competitor Analysis' in task_status:task_status['Perform Competitor Analysis']['status'] = 'completed'task_status['Perform Competitor Analysis']['output'] = competitor_analysisexecuted_subtasks.append('Perform Competitor Analysis')if 'Analyze Product Launches & Shifts' in task_status:task_status['Analyze Product Launches & Shifts']['status'] = 'completed'task_status['Analyze Product Launches & Shifts']['output'] = product_launchesexecuted_subtasks.append('Analyze Product Launches & Shifts')if 'Conduct Customer Sentiment Analysis' in task_status:task_status['Conduct Customer Sentiment Analysis']['status'] = 'completed'task_status['Conduct Customer Sentiment Analysis']['output'] = sentiment_analysisexecuted_subtasks.append('Conduct Customer Sentiment Analysis')# Step 5: Draft Report (Synthesize Findings & Draft Report)print(f"[{task_id}] Executing 'Synthesize Findings & Draft Report' by {delegation_plan['delegation_plan'][4]['assigned_agent_id']}...")draft_report = f"Draft report based on: {market_data}, {competitor_analysis}, {product_launches}, {sentiment_analysis}."task_status['Synthesize Findings & Draft Report']['status'] = 'completed'task_status['Synthesize Findings & Draft Report']['output'] = draft_reportexecuted_subtasks.append('Synthesize Findings & Draft Report')# Step 6: Review and Finalize Reportprint(f"[{task_id}] Executing 'Review and Finalize Report' by {delegation_plan['delegation_plan'][5]['assigned_agent_id']}...")final_report = f"Final report after review: {draft_report.replace('Draft', 'Final')}"task_status['Review and Finalize Report']['status'] = 'completed'task_status['Review and Finalize Report']['output'] = final_reportexecuted_subtasks.append('Review and Finalize Report')# 监控 (使用 Performance Monitoring Tool - 模拟调用)monitoring_data = performance_monitoring_tool(agent_network={"agents": assigned_agents_list, "active_tasks": self._active_tasks},performance_metrics=["throughput", "error_rate", "agent_utilization"],alert_thresholds={"error_rate": {"gt": 0.1}})# 模拟结果final_status = "completed"if monitoring_data["alerts"]:final_status = "completed_with_warnings" # 最终产出completed_task_output = final_reportreturn {"final_status": final_status,"completed_task_output": completed_task_output,"performance_metrics": monitoring_data["dashboard"]["current_metrics"],"lessons_learned": ["Identified efficient agent combination for content creation.", "ReviewerAgent is critical for high quality."]}# 初始化协调器
# 真实智能体池将是基于Agent Definition Schema的JSON或数据库记录
sample_agent_pool = [{"id": "researcher_1", "type": "specialist", "skills": ["market_research", "data_collection", "topic_deep_dive", "sentiment_analysis"], "load": 0.3, "performance_history": {"success_rate": 0.95}},{"id": "data_analyst_1", "type": "specialist", "skills": ["data_analysis", "statistical_modeling", "llm_prompt_engineering"], "load": 0.6, "performance_history": {"success_rate": 0.90}},{"id": "writer_alpha", "type": "specialist", "skills": ["content_writing", "creative_writing", "technical_writing"], "load": 0.5, "performance_history": {"success_rate": 0.92}},{"id": "reviewer_senior", "type": "specialist", "skills": ["editing", "fact_checking", "quality_control"], "load": 0.2, "performance_history": {"success_rate": 0.98}},{"id": "formatter_pro", "type": "specialist", "skills": ["text_formatting", "markdown_conversion"], "load": 0.1, "performance_history": {"success_rate": 0.99}}
]coordinator = AgenticCoordinator(sample_agent_pool)# 任务描述
content_task_description = "Create a comprehensive market analysis report for Q3 2024, focusing on competitor strategies, new product launches, and potential market shifts through customer sentiment analysis."
deadline_str = "2024-09-30T17:00:00Z"
quality_reqs = {"min_accuracy_score": 0.9, "report_format": ["PDF", "Markdown"]}# 启动工作流
# result = coordinator.delegate_task(content_task_description, deadline_str, quality_reqs)
# print(f"\nFinal Workflow Result: {result}")
详细步骤与数据流转:
1.任务分解与计划生成 (由AgenticCoordinator调用task_delegation_tool
):
* task_delegation_tool
接收content_task_description
。
* /decompose
: 将其分解为:
* “收集市场数据”(Needs market_research
, data_collection
skills)
* “进行竞品分析”(Needs market_research
, competitor_analysis
)
* “分析产品发布与市场变化”(Needs data_analysis
, industry_trends
)
* “进行客户情感分析”(Needs sentiment_analysis
, nlp
)
* “综合分析并撰写初稿”(Needs report_writing
, summarization
)
* “审阅并最终确定报告”(Needs editing
, quality_control
)
* /estimate
: 估算每个子任务的时间和资源。
* /match
& /optimize
: 调用内部逻辑(可能部分利用agent_selection_tool
)从sample_agent_pool
中为每个子任务选择最佳智能体:
* “收集市场数据” -> researcher_1
(产出: 原始市场数据)
* “进行竞品分析” -> data_analyst_1
(产出: 竞品分析报告)
* “分析产品发布与市场变化” -> data_analyst_1
(产出: 产品趋势分析)
* “进行客户情感分析” -> researcher_1
(产出: 情感分析报告)
* “综合分析并撰写初稿” -> writer_alpha
(产出: 报告草稿)
* “审阅并最终确定报告” -> reviewer_senior
(产出: 最终审核报告,可能包含修改建议)
* (如果需要发布,可能再分配给formatter_pro
用于格式编排和发布)
* /assign
: 生成详细的delegation_plan
,明确每个子任务、负责智能体、依赖和估算时间。
2.工作流协调 (由AgenticCoordinator调用coordination_protocol_tool
):
* coordination_protocol_tool
接收delegation_plan
中的所有被分配智能体和任务依赖。
* /map
: 基于任务依赖(如“撰写初稿”依赖于所有分析任务的完成),映射智能体间的通知需求。
* /design
: 设计通信流和同步点:
* researcher_1
完成Collect Market Data
后,向data_analyst_1
发送DATA_READY
事件。
* data_analyst_1
完成所有分析任务后,向writer_alpha
发送ANALYSIS_COMPLETE
事件。
* writer_alpha
完成初稿后,向reviewer_senior
发送DRAFT_COMPLETE
事件。
* reviewer_senior
完成审核后,向writer_alpha
(或formatter_pro
)发送REVIEW_COMPLETE
事件,附带反馈。
* /implement
: 生成并部署包含这些事件、状态转换和智能体行为规则的协调协议规范。
3.执行与监控 (由AgenticCoordinator的_execute_coordinated_workflow
模拟):
* /launch
: 抽象地启动所有智能体。
* 顺序执行模拟: 按照协议定义的依赖顺序,模拟智能体执行子任务:
* researcher_1
执行“收集市场数据”,产出原始数据,并“通知”data_analyst_1
。
* data_analyst_1
接收通知,开始“进行竞品分析”和“分析产品发布与市场变化”,随后“通知”writer_alpha
。
* researcher_1
并行执行“进行客户情感分析”,完成后也“通知”writer_alpha
。
* writer_alpha
接收到所有分析数据后(一个同步点),开始“综合分析并撰写初稿”,完成后“通知”reviewer_senior
。
* reviewer_senior
接收初稿,开始“审阅并最终确定报告”,完成后“通知”formatter_pro
(如果存在)。
* /monitor
: 在执行过程中,抽象地调用performance_monitoring_tool
来跟踪每个智能体的进度、资源利用率等。如果reviewer_senior
发现大量语法错误,performance_monitoring_tool
可能会触发一个警告,甚至可能建议writer_alpha
在下次任务中增加对语法检查工具的使用。
* /adjust
: 如果writer_alpha
在生成初稿时耗时过长,超出了预估时间,协调器可能会根据monitoring_data
,考虑是否需要重新分配部分工作或在后期增加editor_agent
的强度。
4.验证与交付:
* reviewer_senior
的输出是关键的验证点。如果其质量评分低于0.8,可能会触发返工或人工干预。
* 最终,生成一份完整的市场分析报告。
核心收益:
- 高效率: 自动化了内容创作的繁琐环节。
- 高质量: 通过专业智能体的分工和严格的审核协议保障内容质量。
- 可追溯性: 每个阶段都有明确的责任智能体和产出,便于审计和优化。
- 弹性: 易于根据需求调整智能体数量或更换特定智能体。
6.2 动态智能体伸缩案例:智能客服系统负载均衡
案例目标: 构建一个能够根据实时用户请求负载,动态调整客服智能体数量的弹性智能客服系统,确保高峰时不“崩溃”,低峰时不浪费资源。
智能体角色定义 (基于Agent Definition Schema):
- 客服智能体 (CustomerServiceAgent):
agent_type
:specialist
primary_skills
:customer_inquiry_handling
,product_knowledge_query
,issue_resolution
processing_capacity
:max_concurrent_tasks
: 5,average_task_duration
:2m
availability
:status
:available
,current_load
: 0.0
- 负载监控智能体 (LoadMonitorAgent):
agent_type
:monitor
primary_skills
:system_metrics_collection
,anomaly_detection
,trend_analysis
tool_access
:metrics_api_integration
,queue_monitoring_api
- 伸缩决策智能体 (ScalingDecisionAgent):
agent_type
:coordinator
primary_skills
:dynamic_resource_allocation
,policy_evaluation
,cost_optimization
secondary_skills
:predictive_modeling
- 资源管理智能体 (ResourceManagerAgent):
agent_type
:specialist
(human_proxy
in this scenario, as it may interact with cloud APIs or K8s API)primary_skills
:cloud_api_integration
,instance_provisioning
,container_orchestration
案例流程模拟:
# 假设的Agentic Schemas核心协调器
class AgenticScalingCoordinator:def __init__(self, initial_agents_count, agent_template, scaling_policy):self._live_agents = {f"{agent_template['id_prefix']}_{i}": {**agent_template, "id": f"{agent_template['id_prefix']}_{i}"} for i in range(initial_agents_count)}self._agent_template = agent_templateself._scaling_policy = scaling_policyself._last_scaling_time = datetime.now() - timedelta(minutes=scaling_policy.get("cooldown_period_minutes", 1)) # Initialize cooldownself._task_queue_length = 0 # Simulated: total pending customer inquiriesdef simulate_workload_spike(self, spike_intensity):self._task_queue_length += spike_intensityprint(f"\n[Sim: {datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')}] Workload SPIKE! Task queue increased to: {self._task_queue_length}")def simulate_workload_drop(self, drop_intensity):self._task_queue_length = max(0, self._task_queue_length - drop_intensity)print(f"\n[Sim: {datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')}] Workload DROP! Task queue decreased to: {self._task_queue_length}")def get_current_metrics(self):# 模拟从LoadMonitorAgent收集的实时数据current_throughput = sum(agent.get("processed_tasks", 0) for agent in self._live_agents.values()) # Placeholderavg_response_time = 5 + (self._task_queue_length / 10) # 模拟:队列越长,响应越慢avg_agent_utilization = min(1.0, self._task_queue_length / (len(self._live_agents) * self._agent_template["processing_capacity"]["max_concurrent_tasks"] * 0.5)) # 模拟利用率return {"task_queue_length": self._task_queue_length,"performance_metrics": {"throughput": current_throughput,"response_time": avg_response_time,"error_rate": 0.01, # Simplified"agent_utilization": {agent_id: avg_agent_utilization for agent_id in self._live_agents.keys()} # All agents utilization},"agents_count": len(self._live_agents)}def handle_scaling_round(self):print(f"\n[ScalingRound: {datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')}] Assessing system for scaling...")current_metrics = self.get_current_metrics()# 1. /assess 阶段 (由LoadMonitorAgent代理)# 实际会调用 performance_monitoring_tool# 简化版:直接使用 current_metrics 进行评估assessment = {"current_workload": current_metrics["task_queue_length"],"performance_metrics": current_metrics["performance_metrics"],"resource_availability": {"available_cloud_instances": 100}, # 假设"scaling_policies": self._scaling_policy}# 2. /decide 阶段 (由ScalingDecisionAgent代理)scaling_result = handle_workload_spike(assessment, self._scaling_policy) # 内部调用 /agents.scaleaction_type = scaling_result["action"]print(f"[ScalingRound] Decision: {action_type} for {scaling_result.get('agent_type', 'N/A')} count {scaling_result.get('count', 0)}")# 检查冷却时间if (datetime.now() - self._last_scaling_time).total_seconds() < self._scaling_policy.get("cooldown_period_minutes", 1) * 60:print(f"[ScalingRound] -> Cooldown period active. Skipping actual scaling for {round((self._scaling_policy.get('cooldown_period_minutes', 1)*60 - (datetime.now() - self._last_scaling_time).total_seconds()))}s.")return# 3. /implement 阶段 (由ResourceManagerAgent代理)if action_type == "scale_up" and scaling_result.get("count", 0) > 0:self._provision_agents(scaling_result["count"])elif action_type == "scale_down" and scaling_result.get("count", 0) > 0:self._deprovision_agents(scaling_result["count"])self._last_scaling_time = datetime.now()# 模拟任务处理,减少队列self._task_queue_length = max(0, self._task_queue_length - (len(self._live_agents) * 2)) # 每个代理每轮处理2个任务def _provision_agents(self, count):current_count = len(self._live_agents)for i in range(count):new_agent_id = f"{self._agent_template['id_prefix']}_{current_count + i}"new_agent = {**self._agent_template, "id": new_agent_id, "status": "available", "current_load": 0.0}self._live_agents[new_agent_id] = new_agentprint(f" [PROVISION] Added new agent: {new_agent_id}. Total agents: {len(self._live_agents)}")def _deprovision_agents(self, count):if len(self._live_agents) - count < self._scaling_policy["min_agents"]:count = len(self._live_agents) - self._scaling_policy["min_agents"]if count <= 0:print(" [DEPROVISION] Cannot scale down further than minimum agents.")returnagents_to_remove = list(self._live_agents.keys())[-count:] # Simple: remove last addedfor agent_id in agents_to_remove:# In a real system, tasks would be migrated gracefullydel self._live_agents[agent_id]print(f" [DEPROVISION] Removed agent: {agent_id}. Total agents: {len(self._live_agents)}")# ----------------- handle_workload_spike 伪代码 (来自用户提供,稍作修改以适应上下文) -----------------
# 假设 integrate_performance_metrics 和 implement_scaling_action 是外部函数
def handle_workload_spike(current_metrics, scaling_policy):"""Dynamically scale agent resources based on current workload.This function acts as the interface to the /agents.scale protocol shell."""# Assess current performance (This is the /assess part of /agents.scale protocol)# The current_metrics already contains sufficient information for assessment in this simplified demo.# Determine scaling needs (This is the /decide part of /agents.scale protocol)# The logic below embodies the core decision-making of the /agents.scale protocolscaling_action = {"action": "maintain", "reason": "performance_within_targets", "count": 0}current_queue_length = current_metrics["current_workload"]current_avg_utilization = sum(current_metrics["performance_metrics"]["agent_utilization"].values()) / current_metrics["agents_count"] if current_metrics["agents_count"] > 0 else 0current_response_time = current_metrics["performance_metrics"]["response_time"]print(f" [ScaleDecide] Curr Queue: {current_queue_length}, Avg Util: {current_avg_utilization:.2f}, Resp Time: {current_response_time:.2f}")if current_queue_length > scaling_policy["scale_up_threshold_queue"] or \current_avg_utilization > scaling_policy["scale_up_threshold_utilization"] or \current_response_time > scaling_policy["scale_up_threshold_response_time"]:agents_to_add = 0if current_queue_length > scaling_policy["scale_up_threshold_queue"]:agents_to_add += (current_queue_length // 20) + 1 # Simple heuristic: add 1 agent for every 20 tasks in queueif current_avg_utilization > scaling_policy["scale_up_threshold_utilization"]:agents_to_add += (current_avg_utilization * 10 - 8) # Add agents based on how much over utilization thresholdagents_to_add = max(1, min(agents_to_add, scaling_policy["max_scale_up_per_round"])) # Max 3 agents per roundif current_metrics["agents_count"] + agents_to_add <= scaling_policy["max_agents"]:scaling_action = {"action": "scale_up","agent_type": "CustomerServiceAgent", # Assuming defined"count": agents_to_add,"priority": "high","reason": "High workload detected"}else:print(" [ScaleDecide] Max agent count reached. Cannot scale up further.")elif current_queue_length < scaling_policy["scale_down_threshold_queue"] and \current_avg_utilization < scaling_policy["scale_down_threshold_utilization"] and \current_metrics["agents_count"] > scaling_policy["min_agents"]:agents_to_remove = 1 # Simple: remove 1 agent at a timeif current_metrics["agents_count"] - agents_to_remove >= scaling_policy["min_agents"]:scaling_action = {"action": "scale_down","agent_type": "CustomerServiceAgent","count": agents_to_remove,"priority": "low","reason": "Low workload detected"}# Implement scaling decision (This is the /implement part of /agents.scale protocol - ResourceManagerAgent's job)# The actual provisioning/deprovisioning is handled by the coordinator's _provision_agents and _deprovision_agents methods.return scaling_action# ----------------- 模拟运行 -----------------
# 初始配置
initial_agent_count = 3
cs_agent_template = {"id_prefix": "cs_agent","type": "specialist","skills": ["customer_inquiry_handling", "product_knowledge_query"],"processing_capacity": {"max_concurrent_tasks": 5, "average_task_duration": "2m"},"load": 0.0 # Will be updated dynamically
}
scaling_policies = {"scale_up_threshold_queue": 50,"scale_up_threshold_utilization": 0.8, # 80%"scale_up_threshold_response_time": 10, # seconds"scale_down_threshold_queue": 10,"scale_down_threshold_utilization": 0.2, # 20%"max_agents": 20,"min_agents": 2,"cooldown_period_minutes": 1, # 1 minute cooldown"max_scale_up_per_round": 3
}scaling_coordinator = AgenticScalingCoordinator(initial_agent_count, cs_agent_template, scaling_policies)print(f"Initial agents count: {len(scaling_coordinator._live_agents)}")
print(f"Initial task queue: {scaling_coordinator._task_queue_length}")# Scenario 1: No scaling needed (within thresholds)
for _ in range(2):scaling_coordinator.handle_scaling_round() # Processes some tasks, queue dropstime.sleep(1) # Simulate time passing# Simulate a workload spike
scaling_coordinator.simulate_workload_spike(100)
for _ in range(5): # Multiple rounds to scale upscaling_coordinator.handle_scaling_round()time.sleep(1)# Simulate workload drop
scaling_coordinator.simulate_workload_drop(80)
for _ in range(5): # Multiple rounds to scale downscaling_coordinator.handle_scaling_round()time.sleep(1)print(f"\nFinal agents count: {len(scaling_coordinator._live_agents)}")
print(f"Final task queue: {scaling_coordinator._task_queue_length}")
详细步骤与数据流转:
1.初始配置与监控设定:
* 系统启动3个CustomerServiceAgent
。
* LoadMonitorAgent
被配置为持续监控task_queue_length
(待处理咨询队列)、response_time
(用户请求平均响应时间)和agent_utilization
(客服智能体CPU/任务利用率)。
* ScalingDecisionAgent
加载scaling_policies
,定义了扩缩容的阈值和冷却时间。
2./assess
阶段 (由LoadMonitorAgent
执行):
* LoadMonitorAgent
周期性(例如,每30秒)调用performance_monitoring_tool
从消息队列、智能体运行时获取实时性能指标。
* 例如,监测到:task_queue_length = 70
(大幅度积压),avg_agent_utilization = 0.85
(高利用率),response_time = 12s
(响应慢)。
* 这些数据被结构化后,报告给ScalingDecisionAgent
。
3./decide
阶段 (由ScalingDecisionAgent
执行):
* ScalingDecisionAgent
接收到LoadMonitorAgent
的报告。
* 它将当前指标与scaling_policies
中的阈值进行比较:
* task_queue_length (70) > scale_up_threshold_queue (50)
->触发扩容条件。
* avg_agent_utilization (0.85) > scale_up_threshold_utilization (0.8)
->触发扩容条件。
* response_time (12s) > scale_up_threshold_response_time (10s)
->触发扩容条件。
* 决策:当前需要扩容。计算需要增加的智能体数量(例如,根据队列长度和利用率计算,决定一次性增加3个CustomerServiceAgent
)。
* 检查max_agents
(20个)和cooldown_period
。如果当前未达到最大值且不在冷却期,则决定执行scale_up
。
4./implement
阶段 (由ResourceManagerAgent
执行):
* ResourceManagerAgent
收到ScalingDecisionAgent
的scale_up
指令(增加3个CustomerServiceAgent
)。
* /provision
: ResourceManagerAgent
调用底层云平台(如Kubernetes API)启动3个新的CustomerServiceAgent
容器或虚拟机实例。新智能体启动并注册到智能体网络中。
* /optimize
: 协调器更新task_allocation_tool
的负载均衡配置,将新任务智能地分配给所有(包括新启动的)CustomerServiceAgent
,以平衡负载。
* /validate
: LoadMonitorAgent
持续监控:
* task_queue_length
是否开始迅速下降(例如,从70降至10)。
* response_time
是否恢复到正常水平(例如,从12s降至3s)。
* 所有CustomerServiceAgent
的agent_utilization
是否降低并趋于平衡。
* 如果效果不佳,可能会在下一个评估周期触发进一步的伸缩。
5.负载下降时的缩容:
* 假设促销活动结束,用户咨询量大幅下降。
* LoadMonitorAgent
报告:avg_agent_utilization = 0.15
(低利用率),task_queue_length = 5
(几乎清空)。
* ScalingDecisionAgent
比较scale_down_threshold
:
* avg_agent_utilization (0.15) < scale_down_threshold_utilization (0.2)
->触发缩容条件。
* task_queue_length (5) < scale_down_threshold_queue (10)
->触发缩容条件。
* 决策:当前需要缩容。决定减少2个CustomerServiceAgent
,确保不低于min_agents
(2个)。
* /migrate
: 在缩容前,ResourceManagerAgent
会确保即将下线的智能体不再接收新任务,并安全地完成或迁移其当前正在处理的(如果还有)任务。
* /deprovision
: ResourceManagerAgent
调用云平台API,优雅地关闭2个CustomerServiceAgent
实例。
* LoadMonitorAgent
再次验证缩容后系统是否仍保持稳定。
核心收益:
- 成本效益: 在低负载时减少资源开销,避免不必要的浪费。
- 服务连续性: 在高负载时快速扩容,确保服务不中断,用户体验良好。
- 自适应性: 系统能够根据实时环境变化自动调整,减少人工干预。
- 资源利用率优化: 动态调整使得整体资源利用更加高效。
6.3 复杂多部门协作系统案例:AI驱动的项目管理协同平台
案例目标: 自动化一个软件开发项目从需求分析、开发、测试到部署的跨部门(或跨职能智能体)协作流程。涵盖任务分解、智能体分配、工作流协调、风险/冲突处理和动态响应。
智能体角色定义 (基于Agent Definition Schema):
- 项目经理智能体 (PMAgent):
agent_type
:coordinator
primary_skills
:project_planning
,task_delegation
,progress_monitoring
,risk_assessment
- 需求分析师智能体 (BAAgent):
agent_type
:specialist
primary_skills
:requirements_elicitation
,user_story_writing
,specification_documentation
- 开发工程师智能体 (DevAgent):
agent_type
:specialist
primary_skills
:code_generation
,software_development
,api_integration
tool_access
:Code_Interpreter
,Git_Client
,IDE_Simulator
- 测试工程师智能体 (QAAgent):
agent_type
:specialist
primary_skills
:test_case_generation
,automated_testing
,bug_reporting
,quality_assurance
tool_access
:Test_Automation_Framework
,Bug_Tracking_System_API
- 运维工程师智能体 (OpsAgent):
agent_type
:specialist
primary_skills
:deployment_automation
,infrastructure_management
,system_monitoring
,incident_response
tool_access
:Kubernetes_API
,CI_CD_Pipeline
,Monitoring_Dashboard_API
- 冲突仲裁智能体 (ArbitratorAgent): (特殊智能体)
agent_type
:coordinator
primary_skills
:conflict_resolution_strategies
,priority_management
,negotiation_facilitation
复杂流程模拟与伪代码:
import time
import random# Global context for demo
global_project_state = {"project_id": "AI_Search_Project_2024","status": "initiated","tasks": {}, # Stores Task Delegation Schema instances"agents_status": {}, # Stores Agent Definition Schema instances (simplified)"shared_resources": {"test_env_free": True, "shared_db_lock": None}, # Example of shared resources"notifications": collections.deque() # Message queue for agent communication
}class ProjectManagementCoordinator:def __init__(self, initial_agents_pool):self._agent_pool = initial_agents_poolfor agent in initial_agents_pool:global_project_state["agents_status"].update({agent["id"]: agent})print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] Project Coordinator initialized with {len(initial_agents_pool)} agents.")def _send_notification(self, from_agent_id, to_agent_id, message_type, content):notification = {"from": from_agent_id, "to": to_agent_id, "type": message_type, "content": content, "timestamp": datetime.now().isoformat()}global_project_state["notifications"].append(notification)print(f" [COMM] {from_agent_id} -> {to_agent_id}: {message_type} (Content Snippet: {str(content)[:50]}...)")def _receive_notifications(self, agent_id):received = []for i in range(len(global_project_state["notifications"])):notification = global_project_state["notifications"][i]if notification["to"] == agent_id:received.append(notification)# Remove received notifications (simplified, real MQ would be smarter)global_project_state["notifications"] = collections.deque([n for n in global_project_state["notifications"] if n["to"] != agent_id])return receiveddef _agent_behavior_simulator(self, agent_id, subtask_details):agent_type = global_project_state["agents_status"][agent_id]["type"]subtask_name = subtask_details["subtask_name"]print(f" [AGENT {agent_id} ({agent_type})] Starting subtask: '{subtask_name}'...")# Simulate work based on agent type and subtasktime.sleep(random.uniform(1, 3)) # Simulate work timeoutput = f"Output for '{subtask_name}' by {agent_id}. "# Simulate decision points or potential conflictsif agent_type == "DevAgent" and random.random() < 0.2: # 20% chance of bugprint(f" [AGENT {agent_id}] --> WARNING: Encountered a bug during '{subtask_name}'.")output += "Bug encountered. "return {"status": "failed", "output": output, "error": "bug_encountered"}if "sensitive_data" in subtask_name.lower() and global_project_state["agents_status"][agent_id].get("security_profile", {}).get("clearance_level") != "top_secret":print(f" [AGENT {agent_id}] --> ERROR: Unauthorized access attempt for sensitive data in '{subtask_name}'. Reporting conflict.")return {"status": "failed", "output": output, "error": "security_violation"}print(f" [AGENT {agent_id} ({agent_type})] Completed subtask: '{subtask_name}'.")return {"status": "completed", "output": output}def start_project(self, project_requirements_description):print(f"\n[{global_project_state['project_id']}] Starting new project: '{project_requirements_description}'")# 1. 项目启动与需求分析 (PMAgent委托BAAgent)print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] Phase 1: Requirement Analysis")# task_delegation_tool 调用ba_task_description = f"Conduct detailed requirement analysis for: {project_requirements_description}"ba_reqs = {"skills_required": ["requirements_elicitation", "user_story_writing"], "estimated_effort": "2d", "priority": "high"}# 调用 task_delegation_tool,获取需求分析子任务的委托计划delegation_plan_ba = task_delegation_tool(ba_task_description, self._agent_pool, deadline="2024-08-15T17:00:00Z")ba_subtask = delegation_plan_ba["delegation_plan"][0] # 假设只有一个子任务被委托给BAAgentglobal_project_state["tasks"][ba_subtask['subtask_id']] = ba_subtaskself._send_notification("PMAgent", ba_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], "TASK_ASSIGNED", ba_subtask)# 模拟BAAgent执行,并接收结果ba_result = self._agent_behavior_simulator(ba_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], ba_subtask)if ba_result["status"] == "completed":requirements_doc = ba_result["output"] + " (Detailed User Stories and Acceptance Criteria)"print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] BAAgent completed analysis. Generated requirements document.")self._send_notification(ba_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], "PMAgent", "REQUIREMENTS_COMPLETED", requirements_doc)else:print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] BAAgent failed analysis: {ba_result['error']}")# 触发冲突解决协议或故障恢复return# 2. 任务拆解与迭代规划 (PMAgent根据需求文档,委托DevAgent)print(f"\n[{global_project_state['project_id']}] Phase 2: Task Decomposition & Development")# 基于 requirements_doc,PMAgent 进一步分解 (简化为固定子任务)dev_tasks_descriptions = ["Develop User Authentication Module","Implement Search Algorithm Backend","Design & Develop User Interface (Frontend)","Build API Gateway"]dev_task_ids = []for idx, desc in enumerate(dev_tasks_descriptions):dev_task_reqs = {"skills_required": ["code_generation", "software_development"], "estimated_effort": "3d", "priority": "medium", "dependencies": [ba_subtask['subtask_id']]}delegation_plan_dev = task_delegation_tool(f"Project Dev: {desc}", self._agent_pool, deadline="2024-08-30T17:00:00Z", quality_requirements={"code_coverage": 0.8})dev_subtask = delegation_plan_dev["delegation_plan"][0] # 假设也是委托给单个DevAgentglobal_project_state["tasks"][dev_subtask['subtask_id']] = dev_subtaskdev_task_ids.append(dev_subtask['subtask_id'])self._send_notification("PMAgent", dev_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], "TASK_ASSIGNED", dev_subtask)# 模拟DevAgents并行开发dev_results = {}for dev_task_id in dev_task_ids:task_details = global_project_state["tasks"][dev_task_id]agent_id = task_details['assigned_agent_id']result_dev = self._agent_behavior_simulator(agent_id, task_details)dev_results[dev_task_id] = result_devif result_dev["status"] == "completed":print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] {agent_id} completed '{task_details['subtask_name']}'.")self._send_notification(agent_id, "PMAgent", "DEV_TASK_COMPLETED", task_details['subtask_id'])elif result_dev["status"] == "failed" and result_dev["error"] == "bug_encountered":# 触发冲突解决协议或 bug 报送流程 (QA Agent介入)print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] {agent_id} encountered a bug. Triggering QA for bugfix.")self._send_notification(agent_id, "PMAgent", "BUG_REPORT", {"task_id": task_details['subtask_id'], "error": result_dev['error']})# 冲突或风险处理示例:Dev Agent 遇到 Bug,QA Agent 介入# 假设 PMAgent 也会收到通知# QA Agent 任务被委托qa_bugfix_task_description = f"Verify and assist fix for bug in {task_details['subtask_name']}"qa_bugfix_reqs = {"skills_required": ["automated_testing", "bug_reporting"], "estimated_effort": "1d", "priority": "high", "dependencies": [task_details['subtask_id']]}delegation_plan_qa_bugfix = task_delegation_tool(qa_bugfix_task_description, self._agent_pool, deadline="2024-09-05T17:00:00Z")qa_bugfix_subtask = delegation_plan_qa_bugfix["delegation_plan"][0]global_project_state["tasks"][qa_bugfix_subtask['subtask_id']] = qa_bugfix_subtaskself._send_notification("PMAgent", qa_bugfix_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], "TASK_ASSIGNED", qa_bugfix_subtask)# 模拟 QA Agent 介入并解决 Bug(或者与DevAgent协作)qa_result = self._agent_behavior_simulator(qa_bugfix_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], qa_bugfix_subtask)if qa_result["status"] == "completed":print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] {qa_bugfix_subtask['assigned_agent_id']} (QA) verified and bug in '{task_details['subtask_name']}' is resolved. DevAgent can retry.")# DevAgent 重新尝试 (这里简化为直接完成)dev_results[dev_task_id]["status"] = "completed"print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] {agent_id} (Dev) re-worked and completed '{task_details['subtask_name']}'.")self._send_notification(qa_bugfix_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], agent_id, "BUG_FIX_VERIFIED", {"task_id": task_details['subtask_id'], "fix_verified": True})self._send_notification(agent_id, "PMAgent", "DEV_TASK_COMPLETED", task_details['subtask_id'])else:print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] QA failed to resolve bug: {qa_result['error']}. Escalating.")# 触发冲突解决协议或人工介入self._trigger_conflict_resolution("QA_BugFix_Failure", qa_bugfix_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], agent_id, reason="QA failed to fix bug.", current_state=global_project_state)returnelse:print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] {agent_id} failed '{task_details['subtask_name']}': {result_dev['error']}. Escalating.")self._trigger_conflict_resolution("DevTask_Failure", agent_id, "PMAgent", reason=f"Dev task failed due to {result_dev['error']}.", current_state=global_project_state)return# 3. 测试与缺陷管理 (QAAgent介入)print(f"\n[{global_project_state['project_id']}] Phase 3: Testing & Quality Assurance")all_dev_tasks_completed = all(r["status"] == "completed" for r in dev_results.values())if not all_dev_tasks_completed:print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] Not all development tasks completed. Skipping QA.")returnqa_task_description = "Perform integration testing and generate test report for all developed modules."qa_reqs = {"skills_required": ["test_case_generation", "automated_testing"], "estimated_effort": "2d", "priority": "high", "dependencies": dev_task_ids}delegation_plan_qa = task_delegation_tool(qa_task_description, self._agent_pool, deadline="2024-09-10T17:00:00Z")qa_subtask = delegation_plan_qa["delegation_plan"][0]global_project_state["tasks"][qa_subtask['subtask_id']] = qa_subtaskself._send_notification("PMAgent", qa_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], "TASK_ASSIGNED", qa_subtask)# 模拟QAAgent执行qa_result = self._agent_behavior_simulator(qa_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], qa_subtask)if qa_result["status"] == "completed":print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] QAAgent completed testing. Test report generated. Quality high.")self._send_notification(qa_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], "PMAgent", "TESTING_COMPLETED", qa_result['output'])else:print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] QAAgent failed testing: {qa_result['error']}")# 触发冲突解决协议 (例如,Dev与QA对测试结果有争议)self._trigger_conflict_resolution("QA_Test_Failure", qa_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], "PMAgent", reason=f"QA failed due to {qa_result['error']}.", current_state=global_project_state)return# 4. 部署与监控 (OpsAgent介入)print(f"\n[{global_project_state['project_id']}] Phase 4: Deployment & Monitoring")ops_task_description = "Deploy all modules to staging environment and establish monitoring."ops_reqs = {"skills_required": ["deployment_automation", "infrastructure_management"], "estimated_effort": "1d", "priority": "high", "dependencies": [qa_subtask['subtask_id']]}delegation_plan_ops = task_delegation_tool(ops_task_description, self._agent_pool, deadline="2024-09-15T17:00:00Z")ops_subtask = delegation_plan_ops["delegation_plan"][0]global_project_state["tasks"][ops_subtask['subtask_id']] = ops_subtaskself._send_notification("PMAgent", ops_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], "TASK_ASSIGNED", ops_subtask)# 模拟OpsAgent执行ops_result = self._agent_behavior_simulator(ops_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], ops_subtask)if ops_result["status"] == "completed":print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] OpsAgent completed deployment and monitoring setup.")self._send_notification(ops_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], "PMAgent", "DEPLOYMENT_COMPLETED", ops_result['output'])else:print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] OpsAgent failed deployment: {ops_result['error']}")self._trigger_conflict_resolution("Deployment_Failure", ops_subtask['assigned_agent_id'], "PMAgent", reason=f"Deployment failed due to {ops_result['error']}.", current_state=global_project_state)return# 5. 风险与冲突管理 (示例:资源争用)# 假设在开发阶段,DevAgentA和DevAgentB都同时需要独占测试环境(shared_resources["test_env_free"])# 实时冲突检测 (由监控系统或专用冲突检测智能体触发)if not global_project_state["shared_resources"]["test_env_free"]:print(f"\n[{global_project_state['project_id']}]**CONFLICT DETECTED**: Test environment contention!")self._trigger_conflict_resolution(conflict_type="resource_contention",involved_agent_id_1="DevAgent-A", # Placeholder if specific agents were competinginvolved_agent_id_2="DevAgent-B",reason="Multiple DevAgents simultaneously requested exclusive access to test_env.",current_state=global_project_state)print(f"\n[{global_project_state['project_id']}] Project Workflow Completed Successfully!")global_project_state["status"] = "completed"return global_project_state["status"]def _trigger_conflict_resolution(self, conflict_type, agent_id_1, agent_id_2, reason, current_state):print(f"\n[{global_project_state['project_id']}] Triggering Conflict Resolution Protocol for {conflict_type}...")# 假设 ArbitratorAgent 是冲突仲裁智能体arbitrator_agent_id = next((a["id"] for a in self._agent_pool if a["type"] == "coordinator" and "conflict_resolution_strategies" in a["primary_skills"]), "_arbitrator_agent")# 模拟调用 conflict_resolution_toolconflict_description = f"Conflict {conflict_type} involving {agent_id_1} and {agent_id_2}. Reason: {reason}"involved_agents = [global_project_state["agents_status"].get(agent_id_1), global_project_state["agents_status"].get(agent_id_2)]resolution_policies = {"resource_contention": "priority_based_resolution","task_failure": "reassign_or_escalate"}resolution_result = conflict_resolution_tool(conflict_description=conflict_description,involved_agents=involved_agents,system_state=current_state,resolution_policies=resolution_policies)print(f"[{global_project_state['project_id']}] Conflict Resolution Outcome: {resolution_result['resolution_plan']} (Changes: {resolution_result['implemented_changes']})")# After resolution, potentially update global_project_state or notify agentsif "test_env_free" in resolution_result["implemented_changes"]:global_project_state["shared_resources"]["test_env_free"] = True if "freed" in resolution_result["implemented_changes"]["test_env_free"] else Falseprint(f" [RESOLVE] Test environment free status updated: {global_project_state['shared_resources']['test_env_free']}")# Simulate ArbitratorAgent communicating the resolutionself._send_notification(arbitrator_agent_id, agent_id_1, "CONFLICT_RESOLVED", resolution_result)self._send_notification(arbitrator_agent_id, agent_id_2, "CONFLICT_RESOLVED", resolution_result)# ----------------- conflict_resolution_tool 伪代码 (来自用户提供,稍作修改以适应上下文) -----------------
def conflict_resolution_tool(conflict_description, involved_agents, system_state, resolution_policies):"""Handle agent conflicts and restore system stability.This function acts as the interface to the /agents.resolve_conflicts protocol shell."""print(f" [ConflictResolver] Resolving conflict: {conflict_description['conflict_type']}")# 1. /analyze stageconflict_type = conflict_description.get('conflict_type', 'unknown_conflict')severity = "MAJOR" # Simplifiedaffected_agents = [a['id'] for a in involved_agents if a]system_impact = "Task阻塞,可能导致项目延期"# 简化的根因分析root_cause = "Coordination protocol lacked explicit shared resource locking mechanism." if conflict_type == "resource_contention" else "Unclear task dependencies."print(f" - Analysis: Type={conflict_type}, Severity={severity}, Affected={affected_agents}, Root Cause={root_cause}")# 2. /mediate stageresolution_plan = {}implemented_changes = {}if conflict_type == "resource_contention":# Strategy: priority_based_resolution (or negotiation, or resource reallocation)# For demo, let's assume one agent gets priority or resource is freed.if "test_env_free" in system_state["shared_resources"] and not system_state["shared_resources"]["test_env_free"]:resolution_plan = {"strategy": "Temporal Resource Allocation", "decision": "Grant DevAgent-A priority for 1 hour, then DevAgent-B."}implemented_changes["test_env_free"] = "freed_by_priority" # Simulates freeing up the resourceimplemented_changes["resource_lock_strategy"] = "optimistic_locking_with_retry" # Update future strategyelse:resolution_plan = {"strategy": "No immediate action needed", "decision": "Conflict resolved by other means."}elif conflict_type == "bug_encountered": # Example from DevAgent_simulatorresolution_plan = {"strategy": "QA Intervention and Dev Remediation", "decision": "QA Agent to verify bug, then Dev Agent to fix."}implemented_changes["bug_tracking_status"] = "opened_for_qa"elif conflict_type == "security_violation":resolution_plan = {"strategy": "Security Remediation", "decision": "Agent (DevAgent) stopped; security review initiated; task reassigned to authorized agent."}implemented_changes["agent_status_devagent"] = "paused_for_security_review"implemented_changes["task_reassignment"] = "to_top_secret_devagent"elif conflict_type == "QA_BugFix_Failure":resolution_plan = {"strategy": "Escalate to Human Intervention", "decision": "Human expert to review and provide guidance."}implemented_changes["escalation_status"] = "human_review_required"else:resolution_plan = {"strategy": "Default Escalation", "decision": "Escalate to Project Manager for manual review."}print(f" - Mediation Decision: {resolution_plan['strategy']} -> {resolution_plan.get('decision', 'N/A')}")# 3. /implement stage# Communicate (implicitly done by sending notifications back)# Adjust (e.g., update task status, agent config)# Monitor (handled by central PMCoordinator)# Document (handled by central PMCoordinator)return {"resolution_plan": resolution_plan,"implemented_changes": implemented_changes,"system_stability": "restored" if conflict_type != "QA_BugFix_Failure" else "still_unstable", # For demo "prevention_strategies": ["Implement explicit resource locking", "Strengthen pre-commit checks"]}# 初始化智能体池 (实际会更复杂,遵循Agent Definition Schema)
project_agent_pool = [{"id": "PMAgent-01", "type": "coordinator", "primary_skills": ["project_planning", "task_delegation", "progress_monitoring", "risk_assessment", "conflict_resolution_strategies"], "load": 0.1},{"id": "BAAgent-01", "type": "specialist", "primary_skills": ["requirements_elicitation", "user_story_writing"], "load": 0.2},{"id": "DevAgent-01", "type": "specialist", "primary_skills": ["code_generation", "software_development", "api_integration"], "tool_access": ["Git_Client"], "load": 0.4, "security_profile": {"clearance_level": "confidential"}},{"id": "DevAgent-02", "type": "specialist", "primary_skills": ["code_generation", "software_development", "api_integration"], "tool_access": ["Git_Client"], "load": 0.3},{"id": "QAAgent-01", "type": "specialist", "primary_skills": ["test_case_generation", "automated_testing", "bug_reporting"], "load": 0.2},{"id": "OpsAgent-01", "type": "specialist", "primary_skills": ["deployment_automation", "infrastructure_management"], "load": 0.1},{"id": "ArbitratorAgent-01", "type": "coordinator", "primary_skills": ["conflict_resolution_strategies", "priority_management"], "load": 0.0} # Dedicated for conflicts
]project_coordinator = ProjectManagementCoordinator(project_agent_pool)# 启动项目: 开发一个AI搜索项目
project_coordinator.start_project("Develop an AI-powered enterprise search solution with natural language querying capabilities.")print("\n--- Project State Summary ---")
print(f"Final Project Status: {global_project_state['status']}")
print(f"Total tasks processed: {len(global_project_state['tasks'])}")
# print("Notifications log:")
# for n in global_project_state["notifications"]:
# print(n)
详细步骤与多智能体交互:
1.项目启动与需求分析 (PMAgent & BAAgent):
* PMAgent (项目经理智能体) 接收高层次项目需求。
* PMAgent 调用 task_delegation_tool
委托BAAgent (需求分析师智能体) 执行“需求分析”子任务,并为其分配截止日期和质量标准。
* BAAgent 执行任务(模拟为调用其内部的LLM或知识库进行需求澄清),产出结构化requirements_doc
。
* BAAgent 通过消息机制(_send_notification
)将完成状态和requirements_doc
传递回PMAgent。
2.任务拆解与迭代规划 (PMAgent & DevAgent):
* PMAgent 接收到requirements_doc
后,结合其project_planning
能力,将项目分解为多个开发子任务(如“用户认证模块”、“搜索算法后端”)。
* PMAgent 再次调用 task_delegation_tool
,为每个开发子任务选择并委托给合适的DevAgent (开发工程师智能体)。coordination_protocol_tool
会为DevAgents之间的代码集成和共享资源(如Git仓库)建立协作协议。
* DevAgent 并行开发各个模块。在开发过程中,performance_monitoring_tool
会跟踪其代码提交频率、单元测试覆盖率等开发指标。
* 冲突案例:DevAgent引入Bug导致任务失败:
* 假设某个DevAgent在模拟开发过程中引入了一个Bug,导致其子任务状态为"failed"。
* DevAgent通过消息向PMAgent报告BUG_REPORT
事件。
* PMAgent察觉到任务失败,根据resolution_policies
,决定委托QAAgent介入验证并协助修复。
* PMAgent调用task_delegation_tool
委托QAAgent一个“bug验证与协助修复”任务。
* QAAgent执行任务(例如:运行自动化测试、日志分析)。如果QAAgent确认Bug或协助解决了问题,则通知PMAgent和相关DevAgent;如果无法解决,则会升级。
* 冲突案例:QA_BugFix_Failure升级人类干预: 如果QAAgent也无法解决Bug,PMAgent(或由ArbitratorAgent
接管)会调用conflict_resolution_tool
的“人工干预升级”策略,通知人类项目经理介入。
3.测试与缺陷管理 (PMAgent & QAAgent):
* 当所有开发任务(包括Bug修复)完成后,PMAgent 调用 task_delegation_tool
委托QAAgent (测试工程师智能体) 执行“集成测试”任务。
* QAAgent 接收任务后,调用其automated_testing
能力和Test_Automation_Framework
进行测试。
* 测试过程中,可能发生资源争用冲突: 假设两个QAAgent同时尝试独占一个有限的测试环境。
* performance_monitoring_tool
或专门的resource_monitor_agent
检测到测试环境被占用。
* 系统触发/agents.resolve_conflicts
协议。
* ArbitratorAgent (冲突仲裁智能体) 介入,分析冲突类型(资源争用)。
* ArbitratorAgent 利用resolution_policies
,决定采取“基于优先级的资源分配”:例如,暂时授予其中一个 QAAgent
独占权限,另一个排队等待,或寻找备用测试环境。
* ArbitratorAgent 通知两个QAAgent
新的资源访问策略。
4.部署与监控 (PMAgent & OpsAgent):
* QAAgent 完成测试并报告质量合格后,PMAgent 调用 task_delegation_tool
委托OpsAgent (运维工程师智能体) 执行“部署到预发布环境并设置监控”任务。
* OpsAgent 接收任务,利用 deployment_automation
和 Kubernetes_API
完成部署,并配置 system_monitoring
。
* OpsAgent 完成后,通知PMAgent,项目进入持续监控阶段。
协调策略与亮点:
- 瀑布式与敏捷混合协调: 整体流程可视为瀑布式(先需求、后开发、再测试),但开发内部(DevAgent间)或测试内部(QAAgent处理多个Bugfix)可以是并行或敏捷的。
- 反馈循环:
DevAgent -> QA -> Dev
的Bug修复流程是典型的反馈循环,通过冲突解决协议高效管理。 - 事件驱动: 智能体通过发送和监听任务状态事件来驱动整个工作流。
- 自适应冲突管理:
conflict_resolution_tool
和ArbitratorAgent
在检测到故障或资源争用时,能自动或半自动地介入,解决问题,甚至在必要时升级至人工干预,确保项目的韧性。 - Schema驱动的透明性: 所有智能体、任务和协议都由结构化Schema定义,使得系统状态、智能体能力、任务进展和协作规则清晰可读,易于调试和审计。
核心收益:
- 项目自动化: 大幅减少项目管理的重复性手动干预。
- 跨职能协作: 智能地协调不同职能智能体的工作。
- 高韧性与鲁棒性: 内置的冲突解决和反馈机制提高了项目面对异常情况的弹性。
- 洞察与优化: 持续监控与记录,为未来项目管理提供数据驱动的优化建议。
7. 与认知工具生态系统集成:实现更智能的协作
Agentic Schemas框架的强大之处不仅在于其内部的协调机制,更在于其出色的可扩展性和与其他“认知工具生态系统”的无缝集成能力。通过统一的Schema和协议,Agentic Schemas能够作为智能体世界的“枢纽”,将各种用户偏好、任务细节和领域专属知识融入到协调决策中,从而实现更精细化、个性化和领域专业的智能体协作。
7.1 与用户模式集成:构建个性化协作体验
用户模式(User Schema)是捕获用户个人偏好、技能、权限、工作风格甚至情感状态的结构化表示。将用户模式与Agentic Schemas集成,可以使智能体系统在任务委托和互动中表现出高度的个性化和情境感知。
import json# 假设的用户模式 (User Schema)
user_profile_schema_example = {"user_id": "user_alice","name": "Alice Wonderland","preferences": {"communication_style": "concise", # 'concise', 'detailed', 'visual'"update_frequency": "daily", # 'immediate', 'hourly', 'daily', 'weekly'"quality_expectation": 0.95, # min_accuracy_score"preferred_agents": ["writer_alpha", "data_analyst_1"],"language": "zh-CN","output_format": ["Markdown", "PDF"]},"security": {"clearance_level": "confidential","data_access": ["project_A_data", "public_data"]},"working_hours": {"start": "09:00", "end": "18:00"}
}def extract_user_preferences(user_profile: dict) -> dict:"""Extracts relevant user preferences from a user profile schema."""print(f" [UserIntegration] Extracting user preferences for {user_profile.get('user_id')}...")return user_profile.get("preferences", {})def personalized_agent_delegation(user_profile: dict, task_description: str, agent_pool: list) -> dict:"""Delegate tasks considering user preferences and working style."""print(f"\n[PersonalizedDelegation] Initiating personalized delegation for task: '{task_description}'")# 1. 从用户模式中提取用户偏好user_preferences = extract_user_preferences(user_profile)# 2. 根据用户偏好修改委托策略# 修改质量要求quality_reqs = {"min_accuracy_score": user_preferences.get("quality_expectation", 0.8)}# 尝试优先考虑用户偏好的智能体 (虽然 task_delegation_tool 的 agent_pool 通常是所有可用智能体)# 实际可以在 _match_subtasks_to_agents 和 _optimize_assignments 内部调整偏好优先级# 为任务描述添加语言要求if user_preferences.get("language") == "zh-CN":task_description_with_lang = f"{task_description} (Please generate output in Simplified Chinese)"else:task_description_with_lang = task_description# 3. 使用修改后的委托策略调用 task_delegation_tool# 此处需要 task_delegation_tool 能够接收更多定制化参数,或在内部处理这些偏好# 在本示例中,我们模拟传递这些定制化需求customized_agent_pool = list(agent_pool) # Create a mutable copy# 假设 task_delegation_tool 内部会处理 preferred_agents 带来的加权# 例如:如果用户偏好 agent_id 是 "writer_alpha",则在评分时给 writer_alpha 增加一个偏好分for agent in customized_agent_pool:if agent["id"] in user_preferences.get("preferred_agents", []):agent["preference_score_boost"] = 0.1 # 模拟增加偏好分数delegation_result = task_delegation_tool(task_description=task_description_with_lang,agent_pool=customized_agent_pool, # 传递带有偏好权重的智能体池deadline="2024-12-31T23:59:59Z", # 假设一个截止日期quality_requirements=quality_reqs)# 4. 根据用户偏好调整协调协议的通信设置# 这可能需要在 coordination_protocol_tool 被调用时传入 user_preferences# 例如,如果用户要求 'concise' 风格,那么 'writer' 智能体在报告进度时会更精炼print(f"\n[PersonalizedDelegation] Delegation result for task '{task_description}' (influenced by user preferences):")# print(json.dumps(delegation_result, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)) # Keep output concise for demoprint(f" Assigned agents: {[assignment['assigned_agent_id'] for assignment in delegation_result['delegation_plan']]}")print(f" Task ID: {delegation_result['task_id']}")return delegation_result# 示例调用
# personalized_delegation_result = personalized_agent_delegation(
# user_profile=user_profile_schema_example,
# task_description="Summarize the latest trends in quantum computing.",
# agent_pool=sample_agent_pool # 使用前文定义的 sample_agent_pool
# )
功能与优势:
- 个性化任务委托:
task_delegation_tool
在分配任务时,不仅考虑智能体的硬性能力,还会考虑用户的偏好。例如,如果用户倾向于“简洁”的沟通风格,那么系统会优先选择那些被历史数据证明沟通精炼的智能体,或者指示被选智能体在报告进度时采用简洁的格式。 - 定制化输出格式: 如果用户在
User Schema
中指定了偏好的输出格式(如Markdown
、PDF
),task_delegation_tool
或后续的formatter_agent
可以据此调整最终产出。 - 智能体偏好与兼容: 用户可以表达对特定智能体的偏好(如“我希望由
writer_alpha
撰写”),系统在可行的情况下会尝试满足这些偏好,提升用户满意度。 - 安全与权限匹配:
User Schema
中的security.clearance_level
可以与Agent Definition Schema
中的security_profile.clearance_level
进行匹配,确保敏感任务只委托给拥有足够权限的智能体。
实际应用场景:
- 智能个人助理: 用户的日程管理、邮件回复、信息汇总等任务,可以根据用户的个人习惯和喜好进行定制化处理。
- 个性化内容推荐: 内容生成智能体可以根据用户的内容偏好(如风格、深度、语言)来创作或筛选内容。
- 项目协同平台: 在任务分配时,优先考虑团队成员的偏好和习惯,提高协作效率。
7.2 与任务模式集成:更精细化的任务理解
任务模式(Task Schema)提供了一个比自然语言描述更丰富、更结构化的任务定义。它包含明确的输入、输出规范、约束条件、成功标准和依赖关系。将任务模式与Agentic Schemas集成,可以使协调器对任务有更深入、更精确的理解,从而做出更精准的决策。
import json# 假设的任务模式 (Task Schema)
# 这是一个Task Delegation Schema的简化版,用作输入
task_schema_example = {"task_id": "summarize_research_paper_001","task_name": "Summarize Quantum Computing Research Paper","task_description": "Read the provided research paper on quantum computing advancements and produce a concise 500-word summary, highlighting key breakthroughs and implications.","requirements": {"skills_required": ["nlp", "text_summarization", "scientific_understanding"],"estimated_effort": "4h","deadline": "2024-08-20T10:00:00Z","quality_standards": {"min_accuracy_score": 0.9,"output_format": ["Markdown"],"completeness_criteria": ["includes_abstract", "identifies_key_findings"]},"resource_constraints": {"max_cost_usd": 5, "required_gpu_capacity": 0},"data_sources": ["/api/papers/quantum_computing_paper_id_XYZ"],"output_destinations": ["/user/alice/summaries"]},"dependencies": [], # No explicit dependencies for this single task"communication_needs": { # 新增字段 for task-specific communication preference"update_frequency": "on_completion","verbose_logging": False}
}def parse_task_schema(task_schema: dict) -> dict:"""Parses a structured task schema into internal task requirements."""print(f" [TaskIntegration] Parsing task schema for '{task_schema.get('task_name')}'...")return {"task_id": task_schema["task_id"],"task_name": task_schema.get("task_name", "Unnamed Task"),"skills_required": task_schema["requirements"]["skills_required"],"deadline": task_schema["requirements"]["deadline"],"quality_standards": task_schema["requirements"]["quality_standards"],"resource_constraints": task_schema["requirements"]["resource_constraints"],"dependencies": task_schema.get("dependencies", []),"communication_needs": task_schema.get("communication_needs", {})}def task_aware_coordination(task_schema: dict, agent_capabilities: list) -> dict:"""Coordinate agents based on structured task requirements parsed from a task schema."""print(f"\n[TaskAwareCoordination] Initiating task-aware coordination for task: '{task_schema.get('task_name')}'")# 1. 解析任务模式,获取详细需求task_requirements = parse_task_schema(task_schema)# 2. 智能体选择工具 (agent_selection_tool) 根据详细需求进行匹配# selection_criteria 也可以动态配置,例如对高优先级任务增加性能权重selection_criteria = {"skill_match_weight": 0.7, "availability_weight": 0.2, "performance_weight": 0.1}agent_matches = agent_selection_tool(task_requirements=task_requirements, # 传入详细的任务需求candidate_agents=agent_capabilities,selection_criteria=selection_criteria)if not agent_matches["selected_agents"]:print(f"[TaskAwareCoordination] ERROR: No suitable agents found for '{task_requirements['task_name']}'.")return {"status": "failed", "reason": "No suitable agents."}selected_agent_ids = agent_matches["selected_agents"]# 从agent_capabilities中获取完整的智能体profileselected_agents_full_profile = [next(a for a in agent_capabilities if a['id'] == aid) for aid in selected_agent_ids]print(f"[TaskAwareCoordination] Selected agents for '{task_requirements['task_name']}': {selected_agent_ids}")# 3. 创建协调计划 (coordination_protocol_tool)coordination_plan = coordination_protocol_tool(agents=selected_agents_full_profile,task_dependencies={task_requirements["task_id"]: task_requirements["dependencies"]}, # 传递任务依赖communication_preferences=task_requirements["communication_needs"] # 传递任务特定的通信偏好)print(f"\n[TaskAwareCoordination] Coordination plan created for '{task_requirements['task_name']}':")# print(json.dumps(coordination_plan, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)) # Keep output concise for demoprint(f" Protocol name: {coordination_plan['coordination_protocol']['protocol_name']}")return {"status": "success", "delegation_result": agent_matches, "coordination_plan": coordination_plan}# 示例调用
# task_aware_result = task_aware_coordination(
# task_schema=task_schema_example,
# agent_capabilities=sample_agent_pool # 使用前文定义的 sample_agent_pool
# )
功能与优势:
- 精确智能体匹配:
agent_selection_tool
可以利用任务模式中详细的skills_required
,estimated_effort
,quality_standards
和resource_constraints
,进行更细粒度的智能体匹配,减少误分配。 - 自动生成协调协议:
coordination_protocol_tool
在生成协调协议时,可以利用任务模式中定义的dependencies
和communication_needs
来自动配置智能体间的事件触发和数据流,确保协议准确反映任务逻辑。 - 增强任务可追溯性: 结构化的任务模式使得任务的整个生命周期(从需求到交付)都可被Agentic Schemas精确管理和追溯。
- 支持复杂任务流: 明确的
dependencies
字段使得框架能够轻松构建和管理具有复杂依赖关系的任务流,支持有向无环图(DAG)的任务编排。
实际应用场景:
- 智能项目管理: 自动根据任务的依赖关系、资源需求和质量标准,生成项目计划和智能体分配方案。
- 复杂数据处理管道: 数据预处理、模型训练、结果评估等多个阶段可以定义为具有严格依赖关系的任务,由不同智能体协作完成。
- 自动化测试与验证: 根据详细的测试任务模式,自动选择测试智能体、生成测试报告,并验证结果。
7.3 与领域模式集成:赋能专业领域知识
领域模式(Domain Schema)定义了特定行业或知识领域的专业概念、术语、规则、实体关系和约束。将领域模式集成到Agentic Schemas中,可以使智能体系统获得领域专家级的理解和行为,确保其在特定专业场景中的准确性、一致性和合规性。
import json# 假设的领域模式 (Domain Schema) - 法律文书分析领域
domain_schema_example = {"domain_id": "legal_document_analysis","domain_name": "Legal Document Analysis","description": "Defines concepts and rules for processing legal documents, ensuring compliance with legal standards and terminology.","key_concepts": [{"name": "Contract", "attributes": ["party_names", "effective_date", "terms_and_conditions", "jurisdiction", "governing_law"]},{"name": "Clause", "attributes": ["type", "text", "references_other_clauses", "legality_score"]},{"name": "Jurisdiction", "attributes": ["country", "state", "applicable_laws"]},{"name": "Legal_Entity", "attributes": ["name", "type", "registration_id"]}],"domain_specific_skills": ["contract_law_interpretation", "legal_term_extraction", "legal_research", "litigation_strategy_analysis"],"data_privacy_rules": [{"entity_type": "Personal_Identifiable_Information", "action": "anonymize", "required_clearance": "confidential"},{"entity_type": "Sensitive_Legal_Strategy", "action": "restrict_access", "required_clearance": "top_secret"}],"compliance_requirements": [{"rule_id": "GDPR_Compliance", "description": "Ensure all personal data processing complies with GDPR principles."},{"rule_id": "HIPAA_Compliance", "description": "If processing health information, adhere to HIPAA privacy rules."}],"preferred_legal_databases": ["Westlaw", "LexisNexis"] # 新增领域特定工具偏好
}def extract_domain_requirements(domain_schema: dict) -> dict:"""Extracts relevant domain-specific requirements from a domain schema."""print(f" [DomainIntegration] Extracting domain requirements for '{domain_schema.get('domain_name')}'...")return {"domain_skills": domain_schema["domain_specific_skills"],"privacy_rules": domain_schema["data_privacy_rules"],"compliance_requirements": domain_schema["compliance_requirements"],"preferred_tools": domain_schema.get("preferred_legal_databases", [])}def has_domain_expertise(agent_profile: dict, domain_reqs: dict) -> bool:"""Checks if an agent has the necessary domain expertise (skills, clearance, tools)."""agent_skills = set(agent_profile.get("capabilities", {}).get("primary_skills", []) +agent_profile.get("capabilities", {}).get("secondary_skills", []))required_domain_skills = set(domain_reqs["domain_skills"])# 检查技能是否覆盖领域所需技能if not required_domain_skills.issubset(agent_skills):return False# 检查清关级别是否满足隐私规则agent_clearance = agent_profile.get("security_profile", {}).get("clearance_level", "none")for rule in domain_reqs["privacy_rules"]:if agent_clearance == "none" or (agent_clearance == "confidential" and rule["required_clearance"] == "top_secret"):# 简化逻辑,真实世界中需要更复杂的权限匹配return False # 检查工具访问偏好agent_tools = set(agent_profile.get("capabilities", {}).get("tool_access", []))preferred_domain_tools = set(domain_reqs["preferred_tools"])if preferred_domain_tools: # 如果领域有偏好工具,至少需要具备其中之一if not any(tool in agent_tools for tool in preferred_domain_tools):print(f" [DomainIntegration] Agent {agent_profile['id']} lacks preferred domain tools.")# 这种情况可能不是硬性失败,而是降低匹配分数# For simplicity in this has_domain_expertise, we will return False if no preferred tools# In real system, this could be a soft constraintreturn Falsereturn Truedef domain_specialized_coordination(domain_schema: dict, task_description: str, agent_pool: list) -> dict:"""Coordinate agents with domain-specific knowledge and constraints."""print(f"\n[DomainSpecializedCoordination] Initiating domain-specialized coordination for task: '{task_description}'")# 1. 提取领域需求domain_requirements = extract_domain_requirements(domain_schema)# 2. 筛选具有领域专业知识的智能体domain_qualified_agents = [agent for agent in agent_pool if has_domain_expertise(agent, domain_requirements)]if not domain_qualified_agents:print(f"[DomainSpecializedCoordination] ERROR: No domain-qualified agents found for task: '{task_description}'.")return {"status": "failed", "reason": "No domain-qualified agents."}print(f"[DomainSpecializedCoordination] Domain-qualified agents: {[a['id'] for a in domain_qualified_agents]}")# 3. 使用领域感知的任务委托工具# 任务委托时,需要将领域特有的约束和要求融入# 例如,任务的quality_standards可能要包含compliance_requirementstask_quality_reqs = {"min_accuracy_score": 0.98, "compliance_rules": domain_requirements["compliance_requirements"]}# 将领域特定技能加入到任务所需技能task_description_with_domain = f"{task_description} (Domain: {domain_schema['domain_name']})"# 模拟 task_delegation_tool 调用delegation_result = task_delegation_tool(task_description=task_description_with_domain,agent_pool=domain_qualified_agents, # 仅使用领域合格的智能体deadline="2024-09-30T17:00:00Z",quality_requirements=task_quality_reqs)print(f"\n[DomainSpecializedCoordination] Delegation result for task '{task_description}' (domain-aware):")# print(json.dumps(delegation_result, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))print(f" Assigned agents: {[assignment['assigned_agent_id'] for assignment in delegation_result['delegation_plan']]}")print(f" Task ID: {delegation_result['task_id']}")return {"status": "success", "delegation_result": delegation_result}# 示例调用智能体池(需包含安全配置文件和工具访问信息)
legal_agent_pool = [# Generalist agent, not qualified for sensitive legal tasks{"id": "general_llm_agent", "type": "generalist", "skills": ["nlp", "summarization"], "load": 0.5, "security_profile": {"clearance_level": "none"}},# Specialist legal agent, with legal skills and confidential clearance{"id": "legal_analyst_agent_v1", "type": "specialist", "primary_skills": ["contract_law_interpretation", "legal_term_extraction"], "secondary_skills": ["legal_research"], "tool_access": ["LexisNexis_API"], "load": 0.3, "security_profile": {"clearance_level": "confidential"}},# Expert legal agent, with top_secret clearance and specific tools{"id": "legal_expert_agent_v2", "type": "specialist", "primary_skills": ["contract_law_interpretation", "litigation_strategy_analysis"], "secondary_skills": ["legal_research", "negotiation"], "tool_access": ["Westlaw_API", "Legal_AI_Database"], "load": 0.1, "security_profile": {"clearance_level": "top_secret"}}
]# domain_specialized_result = domain_specialized_coordination(
# domain_schema=domain_schema_example,
# task_description="Analyze GDPR compliance of a new data processing agreement.",
# agent_pool=legal_agent_pool
# )
功能与优势:
- 领域专业智能体筛选:
has_domain_expertise
函数用于从智能体池中初步筛选出具备特定领域专业技能(domain_specific_skills
)的智能体。例如,在法律文档分析任务中,只会选择具备contract_law_interpretation
和legal_term_extraction
等技能的智能体。 - 数据隐私与合规性保障:
Domain Schema
中的data_privacy_rules
和compliance_requirements
对智能体的选择和任务执行施加了严格约束。例如,如果任务涉及处理GDPR敏感数据,系统会自动确保只有拥有足够安全许可(security_profile.clearance_level
)的智能体才会被委托。 - 术语与知识理解: 领域模式定义了
key_concepts
及其attributes
,使得智能体在处理领域任务时,能够使用更准确的术语和更深入的领域知识进行推理和交互。 - 工具与资源偏好: 领域可以指定其偏好的工具或数据库,确保智能体使用最适合该领域任务的专业工具。
- 增强决策准确性: 在特定领域,如医疗诊断或金融风险评估,领域模式的集成使得智能体能够做出更符合行业标准和监管要求的专业决策。
实际应用场景:
- 法律智能体系统: 委托法律智能体分析合同、起草法律文件、进行案例研究,并确保其符合适用的法律法规和隐私政策。
- 金融智能体系统: 委托金融智能体进行市场分析、风险评估、投资组合管理,并遵循金融行业的合规性要求和数据安全标准。
- 医疗智能体系统: 委托医疗智能体辅助诊断、药物研发或临床试验数据分析,确保处理的医疗数据符合HIPAA等隐私法规,并使用医学专业知识进行判断。
Pro-Tip: 领域模式的维护和更新是一个持续的过程。随着领域知识的演进和法规的变化,需要有一个机制来更新这些Schema,确保智能体系统的专业性始终与时俱进。
8. 性能优化与监控:持续提升协调效率与系统韧性
多智能体系统的性能不仅取决于单个智能体的智能水平,更取决于智能体之间的协调效率。Agentic Schemas框架通过一套全面的性能监控和优化机制,确保智能体网络能够高效、稳定地运行,并能从运行经验中学习以持续改进。
8.1 性能指标:量化智能体协调效果
准确的性能指标是评估和优化多智能体系统的基础。它们不仅涵盖了传统软件系统的指标,更关注智能体协作特有的维度。
import collectionsdef calculate_coordination_effectiveness(coordination_history: list) -> dict:"""Calculate key performance metrics for agent coordination.Args:coordination_history (list): A list of historical task execution records,each record ideally following the Task Delegation Schema output structure.Example: [{"task_id": "T1", "status": "completed", "duration_seconds": 3600,"assigned_agents_count": 2, "communication_cost_bytes": 1024,"quality_score": 0.9, "resource_cost_usd": 5.0}, ...]Returns:dict: A collection of computed coordination effectiveness metrics."""print(f"\n[PerformanceMetrics] Calculating coordination effectiveness from {len(coordination_history)} history records.")if not coordination_history:return {"task_completion_rate": 0.0,"average_completion_time_seconds": 0.0,"agent_utilization_avg": 0.0,"coordination_overhead_per_task": 0.0,"quality_score_avg": 0.0,"resource_efficiency_avg": 0.0,"agent_collaboration_index_avg": 0.0, # 新增"decision_conflict_rate": 0.0, # 新增"knowledge_consistency_rate": 0.0 # 新增}total_tasks = len(coordination_history)completed_tasks = [t for t in coordination_history if t.get("status") == "completed"]failed_tasks = [t for t in coordination_history if t.get("status") == "failed"]total_completed = len(completed_tasks)total_failed = len(failed_tasks)# 1. 任务完成率 (Task Completion Rate)task_completion_rate = total_completed / total_tasksprint(f" - Task Completion Rate: {task_completion_rate:.2f}")# 2. 平均完成时间 (Average Completion Time)total_completion_time_seconds = sum(t.get("duration_seconds", 0) for t in completed_tasks)average_completion_time_seconds = total_completion_time_seconds / total_completed if total_completed > 0 else 0print(f" - Average Completion Time: {average_completion_time_seconds:.2f} seconds")# 3. 智能体利用率 (Agent Utilization)# 假设每个任务记录中包含分配的智能体数量,以及智能体在任务期间的实际工作时间# 实际精确计算需要从智能体日志中聚合,这里简化为假设平均每个任务的智能体参与度total_agent_work_hours = sum(t.get("assigned_agents_count", 0) * (t.get("duration_seconds", 0) / 3600) for t in completed_tasks) # 简化:假设每个智能体从任务开始工作到任务结束total_available_agent_hours = sum(t.get("total_agent_capacity_hours", 0) for t in coordination_history) # 假设系统在该期间提供了多少可用代理小时agent_utilization_avg = (total_agent_work_hours / total_available_agent_hours) if total_available_agent_hours > 0 else 0.0 # 简化print(f" - Average Agent Utilization: {agent_utilization_avg:.2f}")# 4. 协调开销 (Coordination Overhead)# 衡量协调过程本身的资源消耗(如通信字节数、决策智能体CPU时间)total_communication_cost_bytes = sum(t.get("communication_cost_bytes", 0) for t in coordination_history)total_decision_cpu_seconds = sum(t.get("coordinator_cpu_seconds", 0) for t in coordination_history)coordination_overhead_per_task = (total_communication_cost_bytes + total_decision_cpu_seconds * 100) / total_tasks if total_tasks > 0 else 0 # 简化单位print(f" - Coordination Overhead per task: {coordination_overhead_per_task:.2f} (bytes/score)")# 5. 平均质量评分 (Average Quality Score)quality_score_sum = sum(t.get("quality_score", 0) for t in completed_tasks)quality_score_avg = quality_score_sum / total_completed if total_completed > 0 else 0print(f" - Average Quality Score: {quality_score_avg:.2f}")# 6. 资源效率 (Resource Efficiency)# 每单位资源产生的价值,例如,每美元成本完成的任务数量或质量点数total_resource_cost_usd = sum(t.get("resource_cost_usd", 0) for t in coordination_history)resource_efficiency_avg = quality_score_sum / total_resource_cost_usd if total_resource_cost_usd > 0 else 0print(f" - Average Resource Efficiency (Quality/Cost): {resource_efficiency_avg:.2f}")# 7. 智能体协同度 (Agent Collaboration Index) # 评估智能体间协作的顺畅程度,例如:消息延迟、冲突解决次数、任务移交成功率# 假设任务日志中记录了冲突解决的次数total_conflict_resolutions = sum(t.get("conflict_resolutions_count", 0) for t in coordination_history)agent_collaboration_index_avg = 1.0 - (total_conflict_resolutions / total_tasks) if total_tasks > 0 else 1.0 # 冲突越少,协同度越高print(f" - Average Agent Collaboration Index: {agent_collaboration_index_avg:.2f}")# 8. 决策冲突率 (Decision Conflict Rate) # 智能体在决策点产生分歧并需要仲裁的频率total_decision_conflicts = sum(t.get("decision_conflicts_count", 0) for t in coordination_history)decision_conflict_rate = total_decision_conflicts / total_tasks if total_tasks > 0 else 0.0print(f" - Decision Conflict Rate: {decision_conflict_rate:.2f}")# 9. 知识一致性 (Knowledge Consistency Rate) # 智能体共享知识库的关键条目在任务执行前后的一致性,或智能体对事实的认知一致性# 假设任务后会有一个知识验证分数total_knowledge_consistency_score = sum(t.get("knowledge_consistency_score", 1.0) for t in completed_tasks)knowledge_consistency_rate = total_knowledge_consistency_score / total_completed if total_completed > 0 else 1.0print(f" - Knowledge Consistency Rate: {knowledge_consistency_rate:.2f}")return {"task_completion_rate": task_completion_rate,"average_completion_time_seconds": average_completion_time_seconds,"agent_utilization_avg": agent_utilization_avg,"coordination_overhead_per_task": coordination_overhead_per_task,"quality_score_avg": quality_score_avg,"resource_efficiency_avg": resource_efficiency_avg,"agent_collaboration_index_avg": agent_collaboration_index_avg,"decision_conflict_rate": decision_conflict_rate,"knowledge_consistency_rate": knowledge_consistency_rate}# 示例协调历史数据
sample_coordination_history = [{"task_id": "T1", "status": "completed", "duration_seconds": 3600, "assigned_agents_count": 2, "communication_cost_bytes": 1024, "quality_score": 0.9, "resource_cost_usd": 5.0, "conflict_resolutions_count": 0, "decision_conflicts_count": 0, "knowledge_consistency_score": 0.95, "total_agent_capacity_hours": 10},{"task_id": "T2", "status": "completed", "duration_seconds": 7200, "assigned_agents_count": 3, "communication_cost_bytes": 2048, "quality_score": 0.85, "resource_cost_usd": 8.0, "conflict_resolutions_count": 1, "decision_conflicts_count": 0, "knowledge_consistency_score": 0.9, "total_agent_capacity_hours": 15},{"task_id": "T3", "status": "failed", "duration_seconds": 1800, "assigned_agents_count": 1, "communication_cost_bytes": 512, "quality_score": 0.0, "resource_cost_usd": 2.0, "conflict_resolutions_count": 0, "decision_conflicts_count": 1, "knowledge_consistency_score": 0.7, "total_agent_capacity_hours": 5},{"task_id": "T4", "status": "completed", "duration_seconds": 5400, "assigned_agents_count": 2, "communication_cost_bytes": 1536, "quality_score": 0.92, "resource_cost_usd": 6.0, "conflict_resolutions_count": 0, "decision_conflicts_count": 0, "knowledge_consistency_score": 0.98, "total_agent_capacity_hours": 12},
]# coordination_metrics = calculate_coordination_effectiveness(sample_coordination_history)
# print("\nComputed Coordination Metrics:")
# print(json.dumps(coordination_metrics, indent=2))
详细阐述每一项指标的计算方法和意义:
1.任务完成率 (Task Completion Rate):
* 计算: (已完成任务数 / 总任务数)
。
* 意义: 直接反映系统的工作效率和可靠性。低完成率可能指示任务委托不当、智能体能力不足或协调机制存在严重问题。
2.平均完成时间 (Average Completion Time):
* 计算: (所有已完成任务的总耗时 / 已完成任务数)
。
* 意义: 衡量系统处理任务的速度。长平均时间可能意味着流程存在瓶颈、智能体效率低下或协调同步开销过大。
3.智能体利用率 (Agent Utilization):
* 计算: (智能体实际工作时间总和 / 智能体总可用时间总和)
。
* 意义: 评估智能体资源的利用效率。过低表明资源浪费,过高则可能导致智能体过载、响应变慢甚至故障。精确计算需要追踪每个智能体的活跃状态和工作负载。
4.协调开销 (Coordination Overhead):
* 计算: 可以是多种形式,例如:
* 通信字节数: 智能体间消息传递的平均数据量。
* 决策延迟: 协调器做出智能体选择或冲突解决决策的平均时间。
* 协调器CPU消耗: 协调器自身在调度和管理智能体上花费的计算资源。
* 意义: 衡量为实现协作而付出的“代价”。开销过高会抵消多智能体带来的效率提升,成为系统瓶颈。
5.平均质量评分 (Average Quality Score):
* 计算: (所有已完成任务的质量评分总和 / 已完成任务数)
。
* 意义: 反映智能体系统产出的平均质量水平,可以来源于quality_assurance_tool
的评估、人工专家审查或用户反馈。是衡量“智能”系统价值的关键指标。
6.资源效率 (Resource Efficiency):
* 计算: 例如,单位成本产出的任务质量点数
或 单位成本完成的任务数
。(总质量评分 / 总资源消耗成本)
。
* 意义: 综合性能和成本,评估系统的经济效益,尤其在云环境中非常重要。
7.智能体协同度 (Agent Collaboration Index):
* 计算: 可以根据系统内的冲突解决频率、消息传递成功率、任务移交的平滑度等指标综合评估。例如,1 - (冲突解决次数 / 总任务数)
。
* 意义: 衡量智能体之间协作的顺畅程度和“团队合作”精神。高协同度意味着智能体能有效互补,减少摩擦。
8.决策冲突率 (Decision Conflict Rate):
* 计算: (需要仲裁的决策冲突次数 / 总决策点次数或总任务数)
。
* 意义: 特别衡量在多智能体需要共同决策或进行协商时,产生分歧的频率。高冲突率可能表明智能体目标不一致、知识鸿沟或决策机制不完善。
9.知识一致性 (Knowledge Consistency Rate):
* 计算: 可以在任务完成后,对智能体网络共享或个人智能体的关键知识库条目进行验证,评估其与“真理”或“标准知识”的一致性得分。例如,(知识验证分数总和 / 已完成任务数)
。
* 意义: 确保智能体对世界(或任务上下文)的理解保持一致,避免因知识差异导致行为偏差或逻辑错误。对于需要共享知识的智能体网络至关重要。
8.2 优化建议:基于数据驱动的改进循环
generate_optimization_recommendations
函数将性能监控的洞察力转化为具体的、可操作的改进建议,从而形成一个持续改进的反馈循环。
import jsondef generate_optimization_recommendations(performance_metrics: dict, coordination_patterns_data: list, agent_profiles: list = None) -> list:"""Generate recommendations for improving coordination effectiveness.Args:performance_metrics (dict): Current performance metrics from calculate_coordination_effectiveness.coordination_patterns_data (list): Historical successful/failed coordination patterns (for learning).agent_profiles (list, optional): Current agent definitions for detailed analysis. Defaults to None.Returns:list: A list of actionable optimization recommendations."""print("\n[OptimizationRecommendations] Generating recommendations based on current metrics and patterns.")recommendations = []# 1. 完成率低于预期if performance_metrics["task_completion_rate"] < 0.8: # 假设期望完成率80%recommendations.append({"type": "completion_rate_improvement","action": "Review failed task logs to identify common failure patterns and re-evaluate agent selection criteria for high-risk tasks.","priority": "high","expected_impact": "15% improvement in completion rate by addressing root causes of failure."})# 2. 协调开销过高if performance_metrics["coordination_overhead_per_task"] > 1000: # 假设阈值recommendations.append({"type": "overhead_reduction","action": "Simplify communication protocols where possible (e.g., batch small messages), and optimize decision-making algorithms within coordination tools.","priority": "medium","expected_impact": "20% reduction in coordination overhead by streamlining communication and decision processes."})# 3. 智能体利用率过低if performance_metrics["agent_utilization_avg"] < 0.6: # 假设期望平均利用率60%recommendations.append({"type": "utilization_improvement","action": "Optimize task distribution (e.g., use a more advanced load balancing algorithm) and consider dynamically scaling down underutilized agents.","priority": "medium","expected_impact": "25% improvement in agent utilization by better task-agent matching and dynamic scaling."})# 联动动态伸缩协议recommendations.append({"type": "dynamic_scaling_trigger","action": "Trigger /agents.scale protocol with 'scale_down' intent based on low utilization.","priority": "medium"})# 4. 平均完成时间过长if performance_metrics["average_completion_time_seconds"] > 6000: # 假设100分钟recommendations.append({"type": "latency_reduction","action": "Identify bottlenecks in critical path tasks; consider parallelizing more subtasks or upgrading processing capacity for specific agent types.","priority": "high","expected_impact": "Reduce average completion time by 30% through bottleneck resolution."})# 5. 质量评分低于预期if performance_metrics["quality_score_avg"] < 0.85:recommendations.append({"type": "quality_improvement","action": "Enhance quality assurance checkpoints in coordination protocols, and review skills/performance of agents assigned to quality-critical tasks.","priority": "high","expected_impact": "10% increase in average quality score."})# 6. 智能体协同度低或决策冲突率高if performance_metrics["agent_collaboration_index_avg"] < 0.8 or performance_metrics["decision_conflict_rate"] > 0.1:recommendations.append({"type": "collaboration_enhancement","action": "Review coordination protocol communication rules for clarity, consider implementing negotiation protocols for frequent conflict types, or train agents in conflict resolution.","priority": "high","expected_impact": "Improve agent collaboration and reduce decision conflicts by refining interaction rules."})# 联动冲突解决协议recommendations.append({"type": "conflict_resolution_protocol_enhancement","action": "Evaluate and refine /agents.resolve_conflicts protocol to handle prevalent conflict types more effectively.","priority": "high"})# 基于 Agent Profiles 的更细粒度建议 (需要 agent_profiles 参数)if agent_profiles:for agent in agent_profiles:if agent.get("performance_metrics", {}).get("error_rate", 0) > 0.15: # 某个智能体错误率过高recommendations.append({"type": "agent_remediation","action": f"Investigate agent '{agent['id']}' for potential bugs or insufficient capabilities; consider retraining or replacing this specific agent.","priority": "critical","target_agent": agent['id'],"expected_impact": f"Eliminate high error source from agent {agent['id']}."})# 其他如针对特定技能缺失等if not recommendations:recommendations.append({"type": "system_healthy","action": "System performance is optimal. Continue monitoring.","priority": "low"})print(f" Total {len(recommendations)} recommendations generated.")return recommendations# 示例调用
# metrics_from_history = calculate_coordination_effectiveness(sample_coordination_history)
# current_agent_pool = legal_agent_pool # Using a sample agent pool
# recommendations = generate_optimization_recommendations(metrics_from_history, [], current_agent_pool)
# print(json.dumps(recommendations, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))
功能详解:
- 输入: 接收
performance_metrics
(由calculate_coordination_effectiveness
产出)、coordination_patterns_data
(历史成功/失败的协调模式,用于更智能的ML驱动推荐)和可选的agent_profiles
(当前智能体定义,用于细粒度分析)。 - 智能分析: 函数内部包含一系列启发式规则或机器学习模型。
- 基于阈值的规则: 例如,如果
task_completion_rate
低于特定阈值(如80%),则触发“任务完成率改进”建议。 - 基于趋势的规则: 结合
performance_monitoring_tool
识别的趋势(如错误率持续上升),提出“错误率降低”建议。 - 基于智能体画像的规则: 如果某个特定智能体(从
agent_profiles
获取)的error_rate
过高,则建议对其进行调查、重训或替换。
- 基于阈值的规则: 例如,如果
- 建议类型: 区分不同类型的优化建议,如
completion_rate_improvement
、overhead_reduction
、utilization_improvement
、latency_reduction
、quality_improvement
、collaboration_enhancement
和agent_remediation
。 - 可操作性: 每条建议都包含具体的
action
(执行步骤)、priority
(优先级)和expected_impact
(预期效果),便于系统或人类操作者进行决策和实施。 - 联动效应: 许多建议可以直接触发Agentic Schemas中的其他协议。例如,
utilization_improvement
建议可能会直接触发/agents.scale
协议进行缩容操作。
不同瓶颈对应的优化策略:
- 低完成率/高错误率: 审查
Task Delegation Schema
中的requirements
和Agent Definition Schema
中的capabilities
,确保任务与智能体匹配得当。检查coordination_protocol
,看是否存在错误处理不当的场景。可能需要重新训练或替换一些智能体。 - 高协调开销: 简化
Coordination Protocol Schema
中的communication_flow
,减少不必要的通信。优化coordination_protocol_tool
内部的决策算法,减少其本身的计算量。考虑消息批处理或更轻量级的通信协议。 - 低利用率: 调整
task_delegation_tool
的负载均衡策略,使其更积极地分配任务。或者,当负载持续偏低时,触发/agents.scale
协议进行智能体缩容。 - 高延迟/长完成时间: 识别任务流中的关键路径和瓶颈智能体。考虑并行化子任务。升级瓶颈智能体的计算资源(例如,提供更强大的LLM模型或更快的GPU)。优化任务队列的管理。
- 低质量产出: 增加
Task Delegation Schema
中quality_standards
的定义。在Coordination Protocol Schema
中增加更多的quality_assurance
检查点。部署更强大的quality_assurance_agent
,或增加人工审核环节。审查智能体的performance_metrics.quality_score
,淘汰或重训低质量产出的智能体。 - 低协同度/高决策冲突: 审查
Coordination Pattern Schema
中communication_rules
和decision_points
的定义。引入negotiation_protocol
或ArbitratorAgent
来调解冲突。对智能体进行“团队协作”行为训练。
Data Insight: 结合MEM1原则,系统可以从coordination_patterns_data
中学习哪些优化建议在历史相似情境下最有效,从而提出更智能、更有针对性的建议。例如,如果发现某种类型的冲突经常通过“资源再分配”策略解决,那么当再次出现此类冲突时,系统就直接推荐此策略。
8.3 智能体协调仪表盘设计 (Agent Coordination Dashboard Design)
一个可视化、实时的仪表盘是操作者理解智能体系统健康状况、监控性能和辅助决策的核心窗口。Performance Monitoring Tool
的/report
子过程会输出构建此类仪表盘所需的数据。
可视化监控关键指标:
- 实时任务进度:
- 甘特图: 展示所有活动任务及其子任务的开始时间、预期完成时间、实际进度和分配的智能体。可视化任务依赖和关键路径。
- 看板视图: 任务卡片在“待办”、“进行中”、“审核中”、“已完成”等列中移动,直观反映任务流。
- 智能体状态:
- 智能体列表: 显示每个智能体的
agent_id
,agent_type
,status
(available
,busy
,unresponsive
等),current_load
,current_task
。 - 智能体利用率图: 实时显示每个智能体或智能体群体的CPU、内存、GPU利用率。
- 智能体列表: 显示每个智能体的
- 关键性能指标 (KPIs):
- 吞吐量: 每单位时间完成的任务数量。趋势图显示其变化。
- 平均响应时间: 从任务提交到完成的平均时间。
- 错误率: 完成任务中发生错误的比例。
- 协调开销: 通信量、协调器API调用次数等。
- 质量评分: 所有已完成任务的平均质量评分。
- 任务队列长度: 待处理任务的数量,反映实时负载。
- 告警信息:
- 告警列表: 显示所有当前激活的告警,包括
severity
、metric
、value
、message
和timestamp
。 - 告警趋势图: 历史告警的频率和严重性分布,用于识别模式。
- 告警列表: 显示所有当前激活的告警,包括
- 资源利用率热力图: 以颜色深浅表示不同资源(CPU、内存、GPU、网络)在不同智能体或集群中的实时利用率,快速发现热点或瓶颈。
趋势分析与预测:
- 仪表盘可以集成历史数据分析模块,绘制关键指标的时间序列图。
- 通过机器学习模型对历史趋势进行预测,例如,预测下一小时的任务负载、智能体利用率,从而为
/agents.scale
协议提供前瞻性决策依据。 - 异常检测可视化: 在趋势图中标记出异常点,帮助操作者快速定位问题发生的时间点。
交互式控制:
- 仪表盘不仅仅是一个显示器,更可以提供有限的交互式控制功能:
- 手动伸缩: 操作者可以手动触发
scale_up
或scale_down
操作,覆盖自动伸缩策略(例如,在预期突发事件时提前扩容)。 - 优先级调整: 允许操作者提升特定任务或智能体的优先级。
- 冲突干预: 对于一些复杂的冲突,仪表盘可以提供一个界面,让人工操作者介入进行决策。
- 日志/调试: 提供快捷入口,点击智能体即可查看其详细日志和内部状态,便于深度诊断。
- 手动伸缩: 操作者可以手动触发
8.4 A/B测试与持续优化 (A/B Testing and Continuous Optimization)
为了持续改进Agentic Schemas框架的效率和鲁棒性,A/B测试和自动化的持续优化是不可或缺的。
如何在不同协调策略、智能体组合间进行A/B测试:
- 实验设计: 定义不同的变体(Variant):
- 协调策略变体: 例如,A组使用“贪婪任务分配”策略,B组使用“基于预测负载的任务分配”策略。
- 智能体组合变体: 例如,A组使用
WriterAgent_v1
和EditorAgent_v1
,B组使用WriterAgent_v2
和EditorAgent_v1
来完成内容创作。 - 协议参数变体: 例如,A组的通信频率为“每小时”,B组为“即时”。
- 流量分割: 将流经Agentic Schemas的任务按一定比例(如50/50)分配到A组和B组。确保任务类型、复杂度等分布均等,以控制变量。
- 指标收集与比较: 使用
performance_monitoring_tool
分别收集A组和B组的各项性能指标(完成率、时间、质量、开销等)。 - 统计显著性检验: 运用统计学方法(如t检验、ANOVA)判断两组之间的性能差异是否具有统计显著性,从而确定哪个变体更优。
- 自动部署: 一旦验证了某个变体显著优于当前策略,系统可以自动将其推广到所有流量,并将其经验融入MEM1记忆机制。
自动化实验平台的设计思路:
- 实验定义服务: 允许开发者定义新的实验(A/B测试),包括对照组(Control Group)和实验组(Treatment Group),指定测试的协调策略、智能体版本或参数。
- 流量路由服务: 负责将传入任务智能地分配到不同的实验组,确保公平的流量分割。这可能利用一致性哈希或其他负载均衡算法。
- 指标聚合与分析服务: 实时收集和聚合各实验组的性能数据,并自动运行统计分析,报告实验结果。
- 决策引擎: 根据实验结果和预设规则,自动决定是否推广新的策略,或触发进一步的优化建议。
- 版本控制: 所有协调策略、智能体配置和协议都应进行版本控制,确保实验的可重复性和回滚能力。
基于反馈迭代优化协调策略和智能体行为:
- 闭环反馈: A/B测试提供了一个数据驱动的反馈闭环。实验结果直接影响协调策略的迭代和智能体行为的调整。
- 强化学习: 长期来看,可以通过强化学习(Reinforcement Learning)来自动化优化过程。智能体协调器被视为一个RL代理,通过执行不同的协调策略(动作),从任务性能(奖励)中学习,从而找到最优策略。
- 自适应协调: 结合情境感知能力,系统可以根据任务类型、负载情况、可用智能体等因素,动态选择最佳的协调模式或参数组合。
Pro-Tip: 进行A/B测试时,始终从一个明确的假设出发(例如,“新的分配策略能够降低10%的平均任务完成时间”),并定义清晰的可量化指标。这有助于避免无目的的实验和无效的结果。初始阶段应从小规模、低风险的变体开始测试。
9. 错误处理与恢复:构建韧性与健壮的智能体系统
在任何复杂的分布式系统中,故障是不可避免的。多智能体系统不仅面临硬件故障、网络问题、软件Bug等传统挑战,还存在智能体内部逻辑错误、协调失效、知识不一致等特有问题。Agentic Schemas框架将错误处理和恢复机制内置于其设计中,以构建具有高韧性(Resilience)和健壮性(Robustness)的系统。
9.1 智能体故障恢复 (Agent Failure Recovery)
当单个或部分智能体发生故障时,系统应能快速检测、隔离并恢复,避免影响整体任务。
import json
import uuid
import time
import collections# 辅助函数,用于模拟获取可用智能池 (实际会从 Agent Coordinator获取)
def _get_available_agent_pool(original_pool, exclude_agent_id=None):if exclude_agent_id:return [a for a in original_pool if a['id'] != exclude_agent_id and a.get("availability", {}).get("status") == "available"]return [a for a in original_pool if a.get("availability", {}).get("status") == "available"]def handle_agent_failure(failed_agent_id: str, current_tasks: list, agent_pool_global: list) -> dict:"""Handle agent failures and redistribute tasks.Args:failed_agent_id (str): The ID of the agent that failed.current_tasks (list): A list of current active tasks, each containing task_id, assigned_agent_id, requirements.e.g., [{"task_id": "T1", "assigned_agent_id": "failed_agent", "requirements": {"skills_required": ["A"]}}, ...]agent_pool_global (list): The complete global pool of agents to select replacements from.Returns:dict: A recovery plan detailing affected tasks, replacement agents, and recovery strategy."""recovery_id = f"R_AF_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"print(f"\n[{recovery_id}] Initiating Agent Failure Recovery for failed agent: '{failed_agent_id}'")# 协议外壳 - 此处的字符串将被一个内部执行器解析并指导实际逻辑protocol_shell = f"""/agents.recover_failure{{intent="Handle agent failures and redistribute affected tasks",input={{failed_agent_id: "{failed_agent_id}",current_tasks: [{', '.join([t['task_id'] for t in current_tasks])}], # 简化表示agent_pool_global: [{', '.join([a['id'] for a in agent_pool_global])}] # 简化表示}},process=[/detect{{action="Detect agent failure", description="通过心跳机制、健康检查、错误报告或超时等机制,实时检测智能体实例的故障。"}},/isolate{{action="Isolate failed agent", description="将故障智能体从活动网络中移除,停止向其分配新任务,防止故障蔓延。"}},/assess_impact{{action="Assess impact on current tasks", description="识别受故障智能体影响的所有正在进行中的任务或等待其输出的任务。"}},/select_replacement{{action="Select suitable replacement agents", description="调用agent_selection_tool从可用智能体池中寻找具备所需能力的替代智能体。"}},/redistribute_tasks{{action="Redistribute affected tasks to replacements", description="将受影响的任务安全地重新分配给选定的替代智能体。这可能包括任务状态恢复、数据上下文转移等。"}},/monitor_recovery{{action="Monitor recovery effectiveness", description="持续监控任务在替代智能体上的执行情况,验证恢复是否成功。"}}],output={{recovery_plan: "Detailed plan for failure remediation",affected_tasks: "List of tasks impacted by the failure",replacement_agents: "Mapping of tasks to new assigned agents",recovery_status: "Overall status of the recovery operation"}}}}"""print(f"[{recovery_id}] Protocol Shell for agent failure recovery:\n{protocol_shell}")# --- 实际的内部逻辑实现 ---# 1. /detect + /isolate (假设已完成)print(f"[{recovery_id}] - Agent '{failed_agent_id}' detected as failed and isolated.")# 2. /assess_impact: 评估对当前任务的影响print(f"[{recovery_id}] - Assessing impact on current tasks...")affected_tasks = [t for t in current_tasks if t.get("assigned_agent_id") == failed_agent_id]recovery_plan = {"failed_agent": failed_agent_id,"affected_tasks": affected_tasks,"recovery_strategy": "redistribute_tasks", # 默认策略"replacement_assignments": []}print(f"[{recovery_id}] {len(affected_tasks)} tasks affected: {[t['task_id'] for t in affected_tasks]}")# 3. /select_replacement: 选择合适的替代智能体print(f"[{recovery_id}] - Selecting suitable replacement agents...")available_agents_for_replacement = _get_available_agent_pool(agent_pool_global, exclude_agent_id=failed_agent_id)if not available_agents_for_replacement:print(f"[{recovery_id}] WARNING: No available agents for replacement. Tasks will remain in pending state.")recovery_plan["recovery_status"] = "failed_no_replacement"return recovery_planfor task in affected_tasks:print(f" [Task '{task['task_id']}] Searching for replacement for '{task.get('requirements',{}).get('skills_required',[])}' skills...")# 调用 agent_selection_toolreplacement_selection = agent_selection_tool(task_requirements=task.get("requirements", {}),candidate_agents=available_agents_for_replacement,selection_criteria={"skill_match_weight": 0.7, "availability_weight": 0.3} # 优先考虑可用性)if replacement_selection["selected_agents"]:replacement_agent_id = replacement_selection["selected_agents"][0]recovery_plan["replacement_assignments"].append({"task_id": task["task_id"],"old_agent": failed_agent_id,"replacement_agent": replacement_agent_id,"strategy": "reassign_and_restart" # 重启任务或从检查点恢复})# 从可用池中剔除,防止重复分配available_agents_for_replacement = [a for a in available_agents_for_replacement if a['id'] != replacement_agent_id]print(f" [Task '{task['task_id']}] Replacement found: '{replacement_agent_id}'.")else:print(f" [Task '{task['task_id']}] No suitable replacement agent found.")recovery_plan["replacement_assignments"].append({"task_id": task["task_id"],"old_agent": failed_agent_id,"replacement_agent": None,"strategy": "pending_manual_review"})# 4. /redistribute_tasks: 重新分配受影响任务print(f"[{recovery_id}] - Redistributing affected tasks...")for assignment in recovery_plan["replacement_assignments"]:if assignment["replacement_agent"]:# 模拟任务状态更新,并向新智能体发送任务# (In a real system: update task DB, send message to replacement agent)print(f" [Reassign] Task '{assignment['task_id']}' reassigned from '{assignment['old_agent']}' to '{assignment['replacement_agent']}'.")else:print(f" [Reassign] Task '{assignment['task_id']}' remains unassigned pending review.")# 5. /monitor_recovery: 监控恢复效果 (简化)print(f"[{recovery_id}] - Monitoring recovery effectiveness (via performance monitoring tool data)...")# This would involve polling performance_monitoring_tool for updates on these tasksrecovery_plan["recovery_status"] = "partially_recovered" if any(a["replacement_agent"] is None for a in recovery_plan["replacement_assignments"]) else "fully_recovered"return recovery_plan# 示例智能体池(用于模拟)
sample_agent_pool_for_recovery = [{"id": "AgentA", "type": "specialist", "capabilities": {"primary_skills": ["data_analysis"]}, "availability": {"status": "available", "current_load": 0.1}, "performance_metrics": {"success_rate": 0.9}},{"id": "AgentB", "type": "specialist", "capabilities": {"primary_skills": ["report_writing"]}, "availability": {"status": "available", "current_load": 0.2}, "performance_metrics": {"success_rate": 0.8}},{"id": "AgentC", "type": "specialist", "capabilities": {"primary_skills": ["data_analysis", "visualization"]}, "availability": {"status": "available", "current_load": 0.5}, "performance_metrics": {"success_rate": 0.95}},{"id": "AgentD", "type": "generalist", "capabilities": {"primary_skills": ["general_task_handling"]}, "availability": {"status": "available", "current_load": 0.3}, "performance_metrics": {"success_rate": 0.75}},
]# 模拟当前任务列表 (假设 AgentB 失败)
current_active_tasks_for_recovery = [{"task_id": "T-ANALYSIS-01", "assigned_agent_id": "AgentA", "requirements": {"skills_required": ["data_analysis"]}},{"task_id": "T-REPORT-02", "assigned_agent_id": "AgentB", "requirements": {"skills_required": ["report_writing"]}}, # AgentB's task{"task_id": "T-VIZ-03", "assigned_agent_id": "AgentC", "requirements": {"skills_required": ["visualization"]}},{"task_id": "T-REPORT-04", "assigned_agent_id": "AgentB", "requirements": {"skills_required": ["report_writing", "editing"]}}, # Another AgentB's task
]# Simulate a failure
# recovery_result = handle_agent_failure("AgentB", current_active_tasks_for_recovery, sample_agent_pool_for_recovery)
# print("\nAgent Failure Recovery Result:")
# print(json.dumps(recovery_result, indent=2))
功能详解:
- 检测与隔离 (
/detect
,/isolate
):- 检测机制: 通过心跳机制(智能体定期发送信号表示存活)、健康检查(协调器主动查询智能体状态)、错误报告(智能体主动报告异常)或超时机制(任务长时间无进展)等,实时识别智能体故障。
- 隔离: 一旦检测到故障,立即将故障智能体“下线”,阻止其接收新任务,防止故障蔓延。
- 评估影响 (
/assess_impact
): 识别所有受故障智能体直接或间接影响的任务。这包括该智能体正在处理的任务、等待其输出的任务、以及可能因其故障而中断的协调协议。 - 选择替代智能体 (
/select_replacement
):- 调用
agent_selection_tool
从全球可用的智能体池中寻找具备相同或兼容技能的替代智能体。 - 此过程会优先考虑替代智能体的实时可用性和负载情况。
- 策略包括:寻找完全匹配的专业智能体、寻找具备部分所需技能的通用智能体、或者在紧急情况下寻求人工干预。
- 调用
- 重新分配任务 (
/redistribute_tasks
):- 将受影响的任务安全地重新分配给选定的替代智能体。
- 任务状态恢复: 如果任务支持,尝试从故障前的最后一个检查点恢复。否则,可能需要重启任务。
- 数据上下文转移: 将任务所需的输入数据、中间状态和相关上下文信息安全地传递给新的智能体。
- 优雅降级: 在没有足够替代智能体时,部分任务可能进入“挂起”状态,等待资源或人工审核。
- 监控恢复效果 (
/monitor_recovery
): 故障恢复后,performance_monitoring_tool
会密切关注这些重新分配的任务及其替代智能体的表现,验证恢复是否成功,并评估对整体系统性能的影响。
恢复策略:
- 即时替换 (Immediate Replacement): 对于无状态或易于恢复状态的任务,快速找到替代智能体并重新启动任务。
- 延迟重试 (Deferred Retry): 对于暂时性故障或任务不紧急的情况,将任务标记为待处理,并在稍后重试,或等待智能体池中有新的资源。
- 隔离与诊断 (Isolation & Diagnosis): 对于反复故障的智能体,除了隔离外,还可能启动诊断智能体来分析其根本原因。
- 人工干预 (Human Intervention): 对于复杂、无自动恢复策略的故障,升级至人类操作员进行干预。
9.2 协调故障恢复 (Coordination Failure Recovery)
协调故障是指智能体网络中的通信、同步或决策机制出现问题,导致协作流程中断或系统状态不一致。
import json
import collections# 模拟全局系统状态 (包含任务、代理、协议、资源等)
# global_system_state = {
# "active_tasks": {}, # Key: task_id, Value: Task Delegation Schema or similar
# "agent_states": {}, # Key: agent_id, Value: Agent Definition Schema or simplified state
# "active_protocols": {}, # Key: protocol_id, Value: Coordination Protocol Spec
# "message_bus": collections.deque(), # Simulated message queue
# "shared_data_store": {} # Simulated shared data
# }def handle_coordination_failure(coordination_error: dict, global_system_state_snapshot: dict) -> list:"""Handle coordination failures and restore system stability.Args:coordination_error (dict): Details about the detected coordination failure.e.g., {"type": "communication_failure", "agents": ["A1", "A2"], "protocol_id": "CP1", "message": "Message bus unreachable."}e.g., {"type": "synchronization_failure", "protocol_id": "CP2", "sync_point": "DATA_AGGREGATION_COMPLETE", "last_successful_sync": "timestamp"}e.g., {"type": "resource_contention", "agents": ["A3", "A4"], "resource": "SHARED_DB_LOCK", "message": "A3 and A4 deadlock."}global_system_state_snapshot (dict): A snapshot of the system state at the time of failure.Returns:list: A list of recommended recovery actions."""recovery_id = f"R_CF_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"print(f"\n[{recovery_id}] Initiating Coordination Failure Recovery for: '{coordination_error['type']}'")protocol_shell = f"""/agents.recover_coord_failure{{intent="Handle coordination failures and restore system stability",input={{coordination_error: {json.dumps(coordination_error, ensure_ascii=False)},system_state_snapshot: "snapshot_reference" # 简化表示}},process=[/diagnose{{action="Diagnose coordination failure root cause", description="分析错误日志、消息通信记录、协议状态等,识别导致协调失败的根本原因。"}},/select_strategy{{action="Select appropriate recovery strategy", description="根据故障类型和诊断结果,选择最合适的恢复策略(如通信重置、状态回滚、重新同步、冲突仲裁或人工介入)。"}},/execute_actions{{action="Execute recovery actions", description="指导执行恢复操作,包括向受影响智能体发送指令、更新协议状态、调整资源或通知人工。这可能涉及调用conflict_resolution_tool。"}},/validate_consistency{{action="Validate system consistency after recovery", description="在恢复操作后,验证智能体网络的状态是否重新达到一致性,确保数据和流程的正确性。"}},/document_lesson{{action="Record lessons learned for future prevention", description="将本次协调故障的详细信息和解决方案记录到知识库,用于优化协议设计和智能体行为。"}}],output={{recovery_actions: "List of performed recovery actions",new_protocol_state: "Updated state of affected protocols",system_consistency_status: "Assessment of system consistency post-recovery",prevention_strategies: "Recommendations for preventing similar failures"}}}}"""print(f"[{recovery_id}] Protocol Shell for coordination failure recovery:\n{protocol_shell}")recovery_actions = []# 1. /diagnose: 诊断协调故障的根本原因 (Assume diagnosis already provided in coordination_error)print(f"[{recovery_id}] - Diagnosing coordination failure type: '{coordination_error['type']}'")# 2. /select_strategy: 选择合适的恢复策略if coordination_error["type"] == "communication_failure":print(f"[{recovery_id}] Strategy: Reset communication protocols for agents {coordination_error.get('agents', [])}.")recovery_actions.append({"action": "reset_communication_protocols","affected_agents": coordination_error.get("agents", []),"protocol_id": coordination_error.get("protocol_id"),"priority": "immediate","details": "Checking message bus connectivity, re-establishing agent communication channels."})# 尝试通过协调协议工具重新初始化通信链路# coordination_protocol_tool.reinitialize_communication(coordination_error.get("protocol_id"))elif coordination_error["type"] == "synchronization_failure":print(f"[{recovery_id}] Strategy: Resynchronize agents from last successful sync point: '{coordination_error.get('last_successful_sync', 'N/A')}'")recovery_actions.append({"action": "resynchronize_agents","affected_protocol": coordination_error.get("protocol_id"),"sync_point": coordination_error.get("sync_point"),"last_known_safe_state": coordination_error.get("last_successful_sync"),"priority": "high","details": "Rollback relevant agent states and retry synchronization from checkpoint."})# 这可能需要智能体能够回滚到之前的状态# coordination_protocol_tool.resynchronize(coordination_error.get("protocol_id"), coordination_error.get("sync_point"))elif coordination_error["type"] == "resource_contention":print(f"[{recovery_id}] Strategy: Resolve resource conflicts using conflict_resolution_tool.")# 调用 conflict_resolution_toolconflict_result = conflict_resolution_tool(conflict_description=coordination_error,involved_agents=[global_system_state_snapshot["agent_states"].get(aid) for aid in coordination_error.get("agents", []) if aid in global_system_state_snapshot["agent_states"]],system_state=global_system_state_snapshot,resolution_policies={"resource_contention": "priority_based_resolution"})recovery_actions.append({"action": "trigger_conflict_resolution","details": conflict_result["resolution_plan"],"implemented_changes": conflict_result["implemented_changes"],"priority": "high"})elif coordination_error["type"] == "logic_inconsistency": # 智能体间发现逻辑上的不一致print(f"[{recovery_id}] Strategy: Knowledge reconciliation and potentially task reassessment.")recovery_actions.append({"action": "reconcile_knowledge_bases","affected_agents": coordination_error.get("agents", []),"details": "Initiate knowledge sharing and reconciliation process between agents with conflicting information."})recovery_actions.append({"action": "task_reassessment_or_human_escalation","details": "Depending on severity, re-evaluate task plan or escalate for expert input."})else:print(f"[{recovery_id}] Strategy: Default - Escalate for manual review.")recovery_actions.append({"action": "escalate_to_human_reviewer","details": f"Unknown coordination failure type [{coordination_error['type']}], requires human intervention."})# 3. /execute_actions: 执行恢复动作 (此处的打印就是模拟执行)print(f"[{recovery_id}] - Executing recovery actions...")for action in recovery_actions:print(f" - Executing: {action['action']}")# 实际系统中这里会调用相应的API或函数# 4. /validate_consistency + /document_lesson (简化)print(f"[{recovery_id}] - Validating system consistency post-recovery and documenting.")return recovery_actions# 示例全局系统状态 (简化)
sample_global_system_state_snapshot = {"active_tasks": {"T_COMMS_01": {"status": "in_progress"}, "T_SYNC_02": {"status": "pending_sync"}},"agent_states": {"AgentA": {"status": "active", "last_heartbeat": "...", "protocols": ["CP1"]},"AgentB": {"status": "active", "last_heartbeat": "...", "protocols": ["CP1"]},"AgentC": {"status": "active", "last_heartbeat": "...", "protocols": ["CP2"]}},"active_protocols": {"CP1": {"status": "active", "agents": ["AgentA", "AgentB"]},"CP2": {"status": "stuck_on_sync", "agents": ["AgentC"]}},"message_bus": collections.deque(["msg1", "msg2"]),"shared_data_store": {"lock_status": "locked_by_AgentA"}
}# 模拟协调故障
# err_comm = {"type": "communication_failure", "agents": ["AgentA", "AgentB"], "protocol_id": "CP1", "message": "Message bus unreachable."}
# err_sync = {"type": "synchronization_failure", "protocol_id": "CP2", "sync_point": "DATA_AGGREGATION_COMPLETE", "last_successful_sync": "2024-08-01T10:00:00Z", "agents": ["AgentC"]}
# err_res_contention = {"type": "resource_contention", "agents": ["AgentA", "AgentC"], "resource": "SHARED_DB_LOCK", "message": "AgentA and AgentC trying to acquire SHARED_DB_LOCK."}
# err_logic_inconsistency = {"type": "logic_inconsistency", "agents": ["AgentA", "AgentB"], "protocol_id": "CP1", "message": "AgentA and AgentB hold conflicting facts about project status."}# recovery_actions_comm = handle_coordination_failure(err_comm, sample_global_system_state_snapshot)
# recovery_actions_sync = handle_coordination_failure(err_sync, sample_global_system_state_snapshot)
# recovery_actions_res_contention = handle_coordination_failure(err_res_contention, sample_global_system_state_snapshot)
# recovery_actions_logic_inconsistency = handle_coordination_failure(err_logic_inconsistency, sample_global_system_state_snapshot)# print("\nCommunication Failure Recovery Actions:")
# print(json.dumps(recovery_actions_comm, indent=2))
# print("\nSynchronization Failure Recovery Actions:")
# print(json.dumps(recovery_actions_sync, indent=2))
# print("\nResource Contention Recovery Actions:")
# print(json.dumps(recovery_actions_res_contention, indent=2))
# print("\nLogic Inconsistency Recovery Actions:")
# print(json.dumps(recovery_actions_logic_inconsistency, indent=2))
功能详解:
- 诊断故障原因 (
/diagnose
): 区别于智能体故障,协调故障需要对更宏观的系统状态(消息总线、协调协议状态、共享资源锁)进行诊断。通过分析日志、通信记录、协议状态机和依赖图,识别根本原因,例如是消息丢失、同步死锁还是资源争用。 - 选择恢复策略 (
/select_strategy
): 根据故障类型和诊断结果,选择最适合的恢复策略:- 通信故障 (Communication Failure): 重置受影响智能体间的通信协议,检查消息总线的健康状况,重新建立连接或切换备用通信通道。
- 同步失败 (Synchronization Failure): 尝试将智能体状态回滚到上一个成功的同步点,然后重新启动同步过程。这要求智能体具备状态快照和回滚能力。
- 资源争用 (Resource Contention): 调用
conflict_resolution_tool
来仲裁资源分配,可能涉及优先级规则、资源再分配或更复杂的协商协议。 - 逻辑不一致 (Logic Inconsistency): 当智能体对共享知识或任务状态的理解不一致时,需要启动知识调和机制,可能涉及共识协议或人工审查。
- 执行恢复动作 (
/execute_actions
): 将选定的策略具体化为一系列可执行的动作,包括向受影响智能体发送指令(如“回滚状态”、“重新尝试发送消息”)、更新协议状态、调整系统配置或通知相关人工操作员。 - 验证一致性 (
/validate_consistency
): 恢复操作完成后,系统需要验证智能体网络是否重新达到一致状态。例如,所有智能体对任务进度的看法是否一致,共享资源是否已正确释放或分配。这是确保系统健壮性的关键一步。 - 记录经验 (
/document_lesson
): 记录每次协调故障的详细信息、诊断过程、采取的恢复措施和最终效果,建立故障知识库,用于优化未来的协议设计和智能体行为,减少同类故障的再次发生。
一致性与原子性:
在分布式多智能体系统中,确保事件的原子性和状态的一致性至关重要。
- 原子性: 某些关键操作(如修改共享资源、更新任务状态)应被视为原子操作,要么全部成功,要么全部失败,不留下中间状态。这可以通过事务机制或分布式锁实现。
- 一致性: 在故障恢复后,系统必须回到一个已知的一致状态。这可能涉及:
- 分布式事务: 使用两阶段提交(2PC)或三阶段提交(3PC)确保跨多个智能体的状态变更同时成功或回滚。
- 事件溯源 (Event Sourcing): 智能体的状态由一系列不可变事件流重建,便于回滚和审计。
- 检查点机制: 定期保存系统的重要状态快照,作为恢复的起点。
9.3 容错与高可用性设计 (Fault Tolerance and High Availability Design)
为了进一步提升Agentic Schemas框架的健壮性,除了故障恢复机制,还需要从系统设计层面融入容错(Fault Tolerance)和高可用性(High Availability)原则。
关键设计原则与实现:
1.冗余设计 (Redundancy):
* 关键协调组件的备份: 协调器核心(Coordination Field
)本身不应是单点故障。可以通过暖备(Warm Standby)或热备(Hot Standby)模式部署多个协调器实例。当主协调器故障时,备用协调器可以立即接管。
* 智能体冗余: 对于关键任务,可以配置多个智能体实例,当其中一个智能体故障时,其他智能体可以继续处理或接管。这在dynamic_scaling_protocol
中也有体现。
* 数据冗余: 智能体画像库、任务委托计划、协调协议规范等核心元数据应存储在冗余的、分布式数据库中(如分布式文件系统、NoSQL数据库集群),确保数据不会因单个存储节点故障而丢失。
2.健康检查与心跳机制 (Health Checks and Heartbeating):
* 智能体健康检查: performance_monitoring_tool
会定期对每个智能体实例进行健康检查(如/health
API调用,检查其是否存活、是否能响应请求)。
* 协调服务心跳: 协调器及其核心组件也应定期向一个共享注册中心发送心跳信号,表明其活跃状态。
* 超时检测: 如果智能体或协调器在预定时间内未能响应心跳或完成任务,则被标记为“可能故障”,并触发故障恢复流程。
3.检查点与日志 (Checkpoints and Logging):
* 任务检查点: 重要的、长时运行的任务应支持检查点(Checkpointing)机制。在任务的关键阶段保存当前状态快照,以便在智能体故障时,任务可以从最近的检查点恢复,而不是从头开始,减少损失。
* 事务日志: 所有关键的智能体行为、消息交换和协调器决策都应记录到持久化事务日志中。日志可以用于故障恢复时的状态重建和审计。
* 分布式追踪 (Distributed Tracing): 使用OpenTracing或OpenTelemetry等工具,对跨多个智能体和服务的请求进行端到端追踪,便于定位复杂分布式系统中的性能瓶颈和错误。
4.分布式共识机制 (Distributed Consensus):
* 在以下场景中需要分布式共识:
* 共享资源管理: 当多个智能体竞争访问共享资源时,需要共识协议(如ZooKeeper、Etcd提供的leader选举和分布式锁功能)来仲裁资源访问,避免死锁或数据损坏。
* 关键决策: 当智能体网络需要对系统级别的关键决策(如伸缩计划、协调协议变更)达成一致时,可以通过共识投票协议来确保决策的一致性。
* Leader选举: 在具有主备协调器模式的系统中,需要使用Leader选举机制来选出新的主协调器。
5.负载均衡与流量管理 (Load Balancing and Traffic Management):
* 智能体负载均衡: dynamic_scaling_protocol
和task_delegation_tool
内部应包含智能的负载均衡逻辑,将任务均匀地分配给可用的智能体,避免单个智能体过载导致故障。
* 流量控制与限流: 在系统面临瞬时高负载时,可以实施限流策略,暂时拒绝部分不重要的请求,保护核心服务不受冲击。
* 熔断与降级 (Circuit Breaker and Degradation): 当某个智能体或外部服务持续故障时,系统可以“熔断”对其的请求,避免连锁故障。同时可以启动“降级”策略,提供简化或部分功能的服务。
Pro-Tip: 容错和高可用性不是一蹴而就的。它需要在设计初期就融入架构,并在整个系统生命周期中持续测试、优化。模拟不同类型的故障(如网络分区、智能体崩溃),是验证系统韧性的有效手段。
10. 使用案例与最佳实践:Agentic Schemas的实践指南
本章将总结Agentic Schemas框架的常见使用模式,并提供一系列旨在提升系统性能、稳定性和可维护性的最佳实践。同时,我们也将探讨多智能体系统当前面临的挑战与未来的发展方向。
10.1 常见使用模式
Agentic Schemas框架的灵活性允许其支持多种多智能体协作模式。理解这些模式有助于开发者选择最适合其应用场景的设计。
1.模式1: 简单任务委托 (Simple Task Delegation)
* 描述: 将单个复杂任务分解为一系列子任务,并分配给具有特定技能的智能体执行。任务之间通常存在简单的顺序依赖。
* 适用场景:
* 自动化数据分析报告: 例如,一个上级智能体委托“数据收集智能体”、“分析智能体”和“报告生成智能体”完成年度报告。
* 智能文档处理: 文件上传到“分类智能体”,然后转给“摘要智能体”,最后交给“归档智能体”。
* 关键工具: task_delegation_tool
是核心。
* 示例伪代码重述:
```python
task = “Analyze customer feedback data”
agents = get_available_agents() # 假设获取所有可用智能体
result = task_delegation_tool(task, agents)print("Simple Delegation Result:", result)```
* **强调**: 这种模式强调单一任务的分解与执行效率,管理智能体的技能匹配和负载,确保任务高效完成。
2.模式2: 复杂工作流协调 (Complex Workflow Coordination)
* 描述: 编排具有复杂依赖关系、并行路径和条件分支的多阶段工作流。智能体之间需要频繁通信和同步。
* 适用场景:
* AI驱动的软件开发项目管理: 如第6.3节的案例,涉及需求->开发->测试->部署的跨职能智能体协作。
* 大规模研究项目自动化: 协调不同研究领域的专家智能体共同推进科学发现。
* 智能供应链管理: 协调采购、生产、物流、销售智能体,优化整个供应链。
* 关键工具: coordination_protocol_tool
和/agents.execute_task
协议外壳是核心,结合task_delegation_tool
进行子任务分解和分配。
* 示例伪代码重述:
python workflow = { "tasks": ["research", "analysis", "report", "presentation"], "dependencies": {"analysis": ["research"], "report": ["analysis"], "presentation": ["report"]} } # 假设 get_workflow_agents() 获取了适合工作流的智能体 coordination = coordination_protocol_tool( agents=get_workflow_agents(), task_dependencies=workflow["dependencies"], communication_preferences={"sync_frequency": "twice_daily"} ) print("Complex Workflow Coordination Config:", coordination)
* 强调: 这种模式侧重于流程的编排、状态管理、依赖解决和智能体间的有效同步,以确保整个工作流程的顺畅执行。
3.模式3: 动态伸缩 (Dynamic Scaling)
* 描述: 根据实时负载、性能指标和成本考量,动态调整智能体网络的规模(增加或减少智能体实例)。
* 适用场景:
* 智能客服系统: 如第6.2节的案例,根据用户咨询量自动扩缩容客服智能体。
* 实时数据处理服务: 根据数据流入速度动态调整数据处理智能体。
* 推荐系统: 在用户活跃高峰期增加推荐智能体以降低延迟。
* 关键工具: performance_monitoring_tool
和/agents.scale
协议外壳是核心。
* 示例伪代码重述:
```python
metrics = performance_monitoring_tool(
agent_network=get_current_agents(), # 假设获取当前智能体网络状态
performance_metrics=[“throughput”, “response_time”],
alert_thresholds={“throughput”: 0.7, “response_time”: 5.0} # 示例阈值
)
if metrics["alerts"]:# 假设 determine_scaling_action 和 implement_scaling_action 是抽象函数scaling_result = implement_scaling_action(action=determine_scaling_action(metrics),current_configuration=get_system_config() # 假设获取当前系统配置)print("Dynamic Scaling Result:", scaling_result)```
* **强调**: 这种模式关注系统的弹性和资源效率,通过自动化伸缩机制,实现成本优化和高服务可用性。
4.模式4 : 智能体间的知识共享与学习 (Knowledge Sharing & Learning)
* 描述: 多个智能体通过共享知识库、经验数据库或互相学习来提高整体智能水平。
* 适用场景:
* 协同探索与发现: 多个科学研究智能体共享实验数据和发现,共同构建知识图谱。
* 联邦学习: 分布式智能体在不共享原始数据的情况下,协作训练一个共同模型。
* 错误经验共享: 某个智能体处理失败的案例和解决方案,被其他智能体学习,以避免未来犯错。
* 关键工具: MEM1-Inspired记忆整合机制是基础。可能需要专门的knowledge_sharing_tool
和learning_protocol
。
* 强调: 提升智能体网络的集体智能和适应性,使系统能够从经验中持续进化。
5.模式5 : 多模态智能体协作 (Multi-Modal Agent Collaboration)
* 描述: 智能体能够处理和生成不同模态的数据(文本、图像、语音、视频),并将其整合以完成任务。
* 适用场景:
* 智能设计助理: 一个智能体理解文本指令,另一个智能体生成图像草图,再通过另一个智能体将图像描述为文本。
* 多模态客服: 智能体能听懂语音、识别图片、理解文本,综合信息解决用户问题。
* 关键工具: 需要智能体具备多模态处理能力,coordination_protocol_tool
需支持不同模态数据的无缝传递和转换协议。
* 强调: 突破单一模态的限制,实现更接近人类的综合感知和认知能力。
10.2 最佳实践
遵循以下最佳实践将帮助您高效地设计、实现和管理基于Agentic Schemas的多智能体系统。
1.智能体选择:
* 实践: 始终根据任务的详细需求(技能、资源、时间、质量)和智能体的完整画像(能力、可用性、历史性能)来选择智能体。
* 建议: 利用agent_selection_tool
的多标准决策分析功能,并定期更新智能体的Agent Definition Schema
,特别是performance_metrics
。避免仅凭单一技能匹配进行决策。
2.全面监控:
* 实践: 为