mysql多表联查

表关系:

1.多表联查

-- 联查两张表-- 学生和班级信息  -- 数据不一致问题
-- 笛卡尔积
select * from student,class-- 面试题:内联查询()和外联查询有什莫区别?-- 等值联查 (内联查询，隐式内连接)   -- 笛卡尔积  表多数 行数量少
select * from student,class 
where student.classid = class.classid-- inner join on(显式内连接)      -- 表少 行数数量多
select * from  student  
inner join class on student.classid = class.classid-- 外联查询  -- 主查表的数据全部出现，从表关系条件进行拼接
-- 左外联  
-- left join  on 
select * from  class
left join  student on student.classid = class.classid-- 右外联
-- right join on 
select * from class 
right join student on student.classid = class.classid-- 没有班级的学生
select * from class 
right join student on student.classid = class.classid
where class.classid is null-- 没有学生的班级
select * from  class
left join  student on student.classid = class.classid
where student.sid is null-- union 并集 , 全链接查询， 去除重复的数据，效率低下
select * from class 
right join student on student.classid = class.classid
union
select * from  class
left join  student on student.classid = class.classid-- union all 不去重 ，效率高
select * from class 
right join student on student.classid = class.classid
union all
select * from  class
left join  student on student.classid = class.classid

2.子查询

-- 子查询-- 查询id最大的一个学生(使用排序+分页实现)
select * from student order by sid desc limit 1;-- where 子查询
select * from student 
where sid = (select max(sid) from student);-- 查询每个班下id最大的学生(使用where子查询实现)select * from student where sid in (select max(sid) from student group by classid
)-- 查询大于5人的班级名称和人数(不使用子查询)
select classname,count(*) from student,class 
where student.classid = class.classid 
group by class.classid 
having count(*) > 5-- from 子查询
select classname,人数 from class, 
(select classid,count(*) 人数 from student group by classid) t1
where  t1.classid = class.classid and 人数 > 5-- exists 子句有结果父句执行，子句没结果父句不执行
select * from teacher where exists(select * from student where ssex = '外星人'
)-- some/any  all -- some 和 any 同一个作用的-- 题：查询出一班成绩比二班最低成绩高的学生
select DISTINCT student.* from sc 
inner join student on sc.sid = student.sid
where classid = 1
and score > (select min(score) from sc inner join student on sc.sid = student.sidwhere classid = 2
);select score from sc inner join student on sc.sid = student.sidwhere classid = 270.0
60.0
80.0
50.0
30.0
20.0
31.0
34.0select DISTINCT student.* from sc 
inner join student on sc.sid = student.sid
where classid = 1
and (score > 70.0 or score > 60.0 or score > 80.0 or score >50 or score > 30 or score > 20or score > 31 or score > 34
)select DISTINCT student.* from sc 
inner join student on sc.sid = student.sid
where classid = 1 and score > any (select score from sc inner join student on sc.sid = student.sidwhere classid = 2
)-- 题：查询出一班成绩比二班最高成绩高的学生select DISTINCT student.* from sc 
inner join student on sc.sid = student.sid
where classid = 1
and score > (select max(score) from sc inner join student on sc.sid = student.sidwhere classid = 2
);select DISTINCT student.* from sc 
inner join student on sc.sid = student.sid
where classid = 1
and (score > 70.0 and score > 60.0 and score > 80.0 and score >50 and score > 30 and score > 20and score > 31 and score > 34
)select DISTINCT student.* from sc 
inner join student on sc.sid = student.sid
where classid = 1 and score > all (select score from sc inner join student on sc.sid = student.sidwhere classid = 2
)

3.逻辑语句

-- 逻辑语句
-- IF（expr1,expr2,expr3）
select * from teacher
select tid,tname,if(tsex=1,'男','女') tsex,tbirthday,taddress from teacher;-- IFNULL(expr1,expr2)
-- expr1 字段
-- expr2 当字段为Null,要显示的默认值
select sid,sname,IFNULL(birthday,'这个学生没有生日') from student;-- 搜索case
select tid,tname,
case tsexwhen 1 then '男'when 0 then '女'else  '外星人'
end  as tsex,
tbirthday from teacher;-- 简单case
select tid,tname,tsex,
casewhen tsex>1 then '外星人'when tsex=1 then '男'when tsex<1 then '女'
end as tsex,
tbirthday from teacher;select sid,cid,
casewhen score > 90 then 'A'when score > 80 then 'B'when score > 70 then 'C'when score > 60 then 'D'when score < 60 then '不及格'
end as score
from sc;select sid,cid,
casewhen score > 90 then 'A'when score > 80 then 'B'when score > 70 then 'C'when score > 60 then 'D'when score < 60 then '不及格'
end as score
from sc;