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使用leapp升级Linux

参考文档:
https://docs.oracle.com/zh-cn/learn/ol-linux-leapp/index.html#introduction    使用 Leapp 升级 Oracle Linux
https://docs.oracle.com/en/operating-systems/oracle-linux/8/leapp/leapp-UpgradingtheSystem.html#chap-leapp-upgrade
如何 relink Oracle Grid Infrastructure Standalone (Restart) 或者 Oracle Grid Infrastructure RAC/Cluster 环境 (11.2到21c) (Doc ID 2364201.1)
Relinking Oracle Home 常见问题 (Doc ID 2048232.1)


-- 升级前的版本: 

[root@19ctest ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Oracle Linux Server"
VERSION="7.9"
ID="ol"
ID_LIKE="fedora"
VARIANT="Server"
VARIANT_ID="server"
VERSION_ID="7.9"
PRETTY_NAME="Oracle Linux Server 7.9"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:oracle:linux:7:9:server"
HOME_URL="https://linux.oracle.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.oracle.com/"ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux 7"
ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=7.9
ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux"
ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=7.9
[root@19ctest ~]#

-- repo的设置,

[root@19ctest yum.repos.d]# ls -l
total 20
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  118 Jun  9  2023 media.repo_20250829
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4075 Oct  2  2020 oracle-linux-ol7.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2587 Oct  2  2020 uek-ol7.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  226 Oct  2  2020 virt-ol7.repo
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  270 Jul 14  2023 vmware-osps.repo
[root@19ctest yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: ulninfo
ol7_UEKR6                                                                    | 3.0 kB  00:00:00
ol7_latest                                                                   | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
vmware-tools-collection/signature                                            |  481 B  00:00:00
Retrieving key from http://packages.vmware.com/tools/keys/VMWARE-PACKAGING-GPG-RSA-KEY.pub
vmware-tools-collection/signature                                            |  951 B  00:00:00 !!!
http://packages.vmware.com/tools/releases/10.3.26/rhel6/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno -1] repomd.xml signature could not be verified for vmware-tools-collection
Trying other mirror.
ol7_UEKR6/x86_64/primary_db                                                  |  88 MB  00:00:39
ol7_latest/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                              |  54 MB  00:00:14
vmware-tools-collection/signature                                                                                         |  481 B  00:00:00
Retrieving key from http://packages.vmware.com/tools/keys/VMWARE-PACKAGING-GPG-RSA-KEY.pub
vmware-tools-collection/signature                                                                                         |  951 B  00:00:00 !!!
http://packages.vmware.com/tools/releases/10.3.26/rhel6/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno -1] repomd.xml signature could not be verified for vmware-tools-collection
Trying other mirror.
repo id                                  repo name                                                                                         status
ol7_UEKR6/x86_64                         Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 6 for Oracle Linux 7Server (x86_64)                   1,401
ol7_latest/x86_64                        Oracle Linux 7Server Latest (x86_64)                                                              27,429
vmware-tools-collection                  vmware-tools-collection                                                                                0
repolist: 28,830
[root@19ctest yum.repos.d]#

-- 使用 Yum 将所有系统软件包更新到最新版本。可以看到,升级了Linux7的kernel 。 kernel-uek.x86_64 0:5.4.17-2136.338.4.2.el7uek

yum update -y(77/184): iwl6000g2a-firmware-17.168.5.3-999.35.el7.noarch.rpm                                                            | 234 kB  00:00:00
(78/184): iwl6000g2b-firmware-17.168.5.2-999.35.el7.noarch.rpm                                                            | 236 kB  00:00:00
(79/184): iwl6050-firmware-41.28.5.1-999.35.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                | 189 kB  00:00:00
(80/184): iwl7260-firmware-22.0.7.0-999.35.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                 | 4.5 MB  00:00:01
(81/184): kbd-1.15.5-16.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                                  | 347 kB  00:00:00
(82/184): kbd-legacy-1.15.5-16.el7_9.noarch.rpm                                                                           | 465 kB  00:00:00
(83/184): kbd-misc-1.15.5-16.el7_9.noarch.rpm                                                                             | 1.4 MB  00:00:00
(84/184): iwlax2xx-firmware-20241003-999.35.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                |  28 MB  00:00:08
(85/184): kernel-headers-3.10.0-1160.119.1.0.5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                             | 9.1 MB  00:00:02
(86/184): kernel-tools-3.10.0-1160.119.1.0.5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                               | 8.2 MB  00:00:03
(87/184): kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-1160.119.1.0.5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                          | 8.1 MB  00:00:02
(88/184): kexec-tools-2.0.15-51.0.5.el7_9.3.x86_64.rpm                                                                    | 356 kB  00:00:00
(89/184): kpartx-0.4.9-136.0.5.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                           |  81 kB  00:00:00
(90/184): kernel-3.10.0-1160.119.1.0.5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                     |  52 MB  00:00:15
(91/184): krb5-libs-1.15.1-55.0.7.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                        | 811 kB  00:00:00
(92/184): less-458-10.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                                    | 119 kB  00:00:00
(93/184): ksh-20120801-144.0.1.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                           | 882 kB  00:00:00
(94/184): libX11-common-1.6.7-5.el7_9.noarch.rpm                                                                          | 164 kB  00:00:00
(95/184): libX11-1.6.7-5.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                                 | 607 kB  00:00:00
(97/184): libX11-devel-1.6.7-5.el7_9.x86_64.rpm           25% [============                                    ] 7.6 MB/s | 188 MB  00:01:12 ETA(179/184): xz-libs-5.2.2-2.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                               | 103 kB  00:00:00
(180/184): xfsprogs-5.4.0-1.0.1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                            | 1.0 MB  00:00:02
(181/184): yum-3.4.3-168.0.5.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                               | 1.2 MB  00:00:00
(182/184): zlib-1.2.7-21.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                                 |  90 kB  00:00:00
(183/184): zlib-devel-1.2.7-21.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                           |  50 kB  00:00:00
(184/184): linux-firmware-20241003-999.35.git95bfe086.el7.noarch.rpm                                                      | 382 MB  00:02:15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                            4.1 MB/s | 735 MB  00:02:57
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
Importing GPG key 0xEC551F03:Userid     : "Oracle OSS group (Open Source Software group) <build@oss.oracle.com>"Fingerprint: 4214 4123 fecf c55b 9086 313d 72f9 7b74 ec55 1f03Package    : 7:oraclelinux-release-7.9-1.0.9.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda/7.9)From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transactionUpdating   : 1:grub2-common-2.02-0.87.0.26.el7_9.14.noarch                                                                               1/364Updating   : 1:redhat-release-server-7.9-6.0.1.el7_9.x86_64                                                                              2/364Updating   : 1:grub2-pc-modules-2.02-0.87.0.26.el7_9.14.noarch                                                                           3/364Updating   : kbd-misc-1.15.5-16.el7_9.noarch                                                                                             4/364Updating   : libX11-common-1.6.7-5.el7_9.noarch                                                                                          5/364Updating   : kernel-headers-3.10.0-1160.119.1.0.5.el7.x86_64                                                                             6/364Updating   : firewalld-filesystem-0.6.3-13.0.1.el7_9.noarch                                                                              7/364Installing : 999:iwlax2xx-firmware-20241003-999.35.el7.noarch [########################################################              ]   8/364Verifying  : xz-5.2.2-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                     360/364Verifying  : libsmartcols-2.23.2-65.0.1.el7.x86_64                                                                                     361/364Verifying  : python-perf-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64                                                                                        362/364Verifying  : 1:NetworkManager-config-server-1.18.8-1.el7.noarch                                                                        363/364Verifying  : glibc-2.17-317.0.1.el7.x86_64                                                                                             364/364Installed:kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.119.1.0.5.el7                            kernel-uek.x86_64 0:5.4.17-2136.338.4.2.el7uekDependency Installed:iwlax2xx-firmware.noarch 999:20241003-999.35.el7                                  libzstd.x86_64 0:1.4.4-1.el7Updated:NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.0.1.el7_9                           NetworkManager-config-server.noarch 1:1.18.8-2.0.1.el7_9NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.0.1.el7_9                     NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.0.1.el7_9systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-78.0.17.el7_9.9                            systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-78.0.17.el7_9.9targetcli.noarch 0:2.1.53-1.0.1.el7_9                                tuned.noarch 0:2.11.0-12.0.3.el7_9tzdata.noarch 0:2024b-2.el7                                          unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-24.0.1.el7_9util-linux.x86_64 0:2.23.2-65.0.4.el7_9.1                            vim-minimal.x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.0.1.el7_9virt-what.x86_64 0:1.18-4.el7_9.1                                    wpa_supplicant.x86_64 1:2.6-12.el7_9.2xfsprogs.x86_64 0:5.4.0-1.0.1.el7                                    xmlsec1.x86_64 0:1.2.20-8.el7_9xmlsec1-openssl.x86_64 0:1.2.20-8.el7_9                              xz.x86_64 0:5.2.2-2.el7_9xz-libs.x86_64 0:5.2.2-2.el7_9                                       yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-168.0.5.el7zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-21.el7_9                                         zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-21.el7_9Complete!
[root@19ctest yum.repos.d]#

-- 重启 

[root@19ctest yum.repos.d]#
[root@19ctest yum.repos.d]# reboot

-- 安装leapp 

yum install -y leapp --enablerepo=ol7_leapp,ol7_latest

过程略,下面看已经安装  

[root@19ctest ~]# yum install -y leapp --enablerepo=ol7_leapp,ol7_latest
Loaded plugins: ulninfo
Package leapp-0.17.0-1.0.2.el7_9.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@19ctest ~]#

-- 升级前检查  ,出现Inhibitors 要处理 

[root@19ctest ~]# leapp preupgrade
==> Processing phase `configuration_phase`
====> * ipu_workflow_configIPU workflow config actor
==> Processing phase `FactsCollection`
====> * copy_dnf_conf_into_target_userspaceCopy dnf.conf into target userspace
====> * read_openssh_configCollect information about the OpenSSH configuration.
====> * scan_kernel_cmdline==> Processing phase `Reports`
====> * verify_check_resultsCheck all dialogs and notify that user needs to make some choices.
====> * verify_check_resultsCheck all generated results messages and notify user about them.Debug output written to /var/log/leapp/leapp-preupgrade.log============================================================REPORT OVERVIEW
============================================================Upgrade has been inhibited due to the following problems:1. No custom repositories have been delivered.2. Possible problems with remote login using root account3. Missing required answers in the answer fileHIGH and MEDIUM severity reports:1. Packages available in excluded repositories will not be installed2. Difference in Python versions and support in OL 83. Packages not signed by Oracle found on the system4. GRUB2 core will be automatically updated during the upgrade5. Default Boot KernelReports summary:Errors:                      0Inhibitors:                  3HIGH severity reports:       4MEDIUM severity reports:     1LOW severity reports:        3INFO severity reports:       3Before continuing consult the full report:A report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.jsonA report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt============================================================END OF REPORT OVERVIEW
============================================================Answerfile has been generated at /var/log/leapp/answerfile
[root@19ctest ~]#

-- 使用 sudo leapp answer 命令为 [remove_pam_pkcs11_module_check] PAM 模块项提供答案 True。

[root@19ctest ~]# leapp answer --section remove_pam_pkcs11_module_check.confirm=True
[root@19ctest ~]#[root@19ctest ~]# cat /var/log/leapp/answerfile
[remove_pam_pkcs11_module_check]
confirm = True[root@19ctest ~]#

--  预升级preupgrade 

[root@19ctest ~]# sudo leapp preupgrade --oraclelinux
==> Processing phase `configuration_phase`
====> * ipu_workflow_configIPU workflow config actor
==> Processing phase `FactsCollection`
====> * scan_sap_hanaGathers information related to SAP HANA instances on the system.
====> * tcp_wrappers_config_readVerifying        : dracut-049-237.git20250603.0.1.el8_10.x86_64        43/208Verifying        : elfutils-debuginfod-client-0.190-2.el8.x86_64       44/208Verifying        : elfutils-default-yama-scope-0.190-2.el8.noarch      45/208Verifying        : elfutils-libelf-0.190-2.el8.x86_64                  46/208Verifying        : elfutils-libs-0.190-2.el8.x86_64                    47/208Verifying        : expat-2.2.5-17.0.1.el8_10.x86_64                    48/208Verifying        : file-5.33-26.el8.x86_64                             49/208Verifying        : file-libs-5.33-26.el8.x86_64                        50/208Verifying        : filesystem-3.8-6.el8.x86_64                         51/208Verifying        : findutils-1:4.6.0-23.el8_10.x86_64                  52/208Verifying        : gawk-4.2.1-4.el8.x86_64                             53/208Verifying        : gdbm-1:1.18-2.el8.x86_64                            54/208Verifying        : gdbm-libs-1:1.18-2.el8.x86_64                       55/208Verifying        : gettext-0.19.8.1-17.el8.x86_64                      56/208Verifying        : gettext-libs-0.19.8.1-17.el8.x86_64                 57/208Verifying        : glib2-2.56.4-166.el8_10.x86_64                      58/208xz-5.2.4-4.el8_6.x86_64xz-libs-5.2.4-4.el8_6.x86_64zlib-1.2.11-25.el8.x86_64Complete!
==> Processing phase `TargetTransactionCheck`
====> * adjust_local_reposAdjust local repositories to the target user-space container.
====> * missing_gpg_keys_inhibitorCheck if all used target repositories have signing gpg keys
====> * check_systemd_services_tasksInhibit the upgrade if SystemdServicesTasks tasks are in conflict
====> * tmp_actor_to_satisfy_sanity_checksThe actor does NOTHING but satisfy static sanity checks
====> * check_initramfs_tasksInhibit the upgrade if conflicting "initramfs" tasks are detected
====> * dnf_transaction_checkThis actor tries to solve the RPM transaction to verify the all package dependencies can be successfully resolved.
Applying transaction workaround - yum config fixApplying transaction workaround - import trusted gpg keys to RPM DBDebug output written to /var/log/leapp/leapp-preupgrade.log============================================================REPORT OVERVIEW
============================================================HIGH and MEDIUM severity reports:1. Packages available in excluded repositories will not be installed2. Packages not signed by Oracle found on the system3. GRUB2 core will be automatically updated during the upgrade4. Difference in Python versions and support in OL 85. Default Boot Kernel6. Module pam_pkcs11 will be removed from PAM configurationReports summary:Errors:                      0Inhibitors:                  0HIGH severity reports:       4MEDIUM severity reports:     2LOW severity reports:        3INFO severity reports:       3Before continuing consult the full report:A report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.jsonA report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt============================================================END OF REPORT OVERVIEW
============================================================Answerfile has been generated at /var/log/leapp/answerfile
[root@19ctest ~]#

-- 运行升级

leapp upgrade --oraclelinux [root@19ctest ~]# leapp upgrade --oraclelinux
==> Processing phase `configuration_phase`
====> * ipu_workflow_configIPU workflow config actor
==> Processing phase `FactsCollection`
====> * scanzfcpIn case of s390x architecture, check whether ZFCP is used.
====> * storage_scannerProvides data about storage settings.
====> * scan_sap_hanaGathers information related to SAP HANA instances on the system.====> * target_userspace_creatorInitializes a directory to be populated as a minimal environment to run binaries from the target system.
Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 6  4.7 MB/s | 123 MB     00:26
Oracle Linux 8 Application Stream (x86_64)      8.4 MB/s |  73 MB     00:08
Oracle Linux 8 BaseOS Latest (x86_64)           4.2 MB/s | 110 MB     00:26hardlink             x86_64 1:1.3-6.el8                ol8_baseos_latest  29 kkbd                  x86_64 2.0.4-11.el8               ol8_baseos_latest 390 kmemstrack            x86_64 0.2.5-2.el8                ol8_baseos_latest  51 kopenssl-pkcs11       x86_64 0.4.10-3.el8               ol8_baseos_latest  66 kpigz                 x86_64 2.4-4.el8                  ol8_baseos_latest  80 kplatform-python-pip  noarch 9.0.3-24.el8               ol8_baseos_latest 1.6 Mrpm-plugin-systemd-inhibitx86_64 4.14.3-32.0.1.el8_10       ol8_baseos_latest  79 kshared-mime-info     x86_64 1.9-4.el8                  ol8_baseos_latest 328 ksystemd              x86_64 239-82.0.5.el8_10.5        ol8_baseos_latest 3.7 Mtrousers             x86_64 0.3.15-2.el8               ol8_baseos_latest 151 kTransaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  208 PackagesTotal download size: 125 M
Installed size: 728 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/208): libcom_err-1.46.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm      47 kB/s |  51 kB     00:01
(2/208): pinentry-1.1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm         76 kB/s | 100 kB     00:01
(3/208): libxkbcommon-0.9.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm     87 kB/s | 116 kB     00:01
(4/208): python3-systemd-234-8.el8.x86_64.rpm   127 kB/s |  81 kB     00:00
(5/208): python3-unbound-1.16.2-5.9.el8_10.x86_ 230 kB/s | 129 kB     00:00
(6/208): acl-2.2.53-3.el8.x86_64.rpm            315 kB/s |  80 kB     00:00
(7/208): audit-libs-3.1.2-1.0.1.el8_10.1.x86_64 261 kB/s | 124 kB     00:00
(8/208): basesystem-11-5.el8.noarch.rpm          34 kB/s |  10 kB     00:00
(9/208): unbound-libs-1.16.2-5.9.el8_10.x86_64. 354 kB/s | 577 kB     00:01
(10/208): brotli-1.0.6-3.el8.x86_64.rpm         588 kB/s | 323 kB     00:00
(11/208): xkeyboard-config-2.28-1.el8.noarch.rp 363 kB/s | 782 kB     00:02Installing       : shadow-utils-2:4.6-22.el8.x86_64                    95/208Installing       : libmount-2.32.1-46.0.1.el8.x86_64                   96/208Running scriptlet: libmount-2.32.1-46.0.1.el8.x86_64                   96/208Installing       : systemd-libs-239-82.0.5.el8_10.5.x86_64             97/208Running scriptlet: systemd-libs-239-82.0.5.el8_10.5.x86_64             97/208Installing       : glib2-2.56.4-166.el8_10.x86_64                      98/208Installing       : dbus-libs-1:1.12.8-27.0.1.el8_10.x86_64             99/208Running scriptlet: dbus-libs-1:1.12.8-27.0.1.el8_10.x86_64             99/208Installing       : krb5-libs-1.18.2-32.0.1.el8_10.x86_64              100/208Installing       : kmod-25-20.0.1.el8.x86_64                          101/208Installing       : libtirpc-1.1.4-12.el8_10.x86_64                    102/208Running scriptlet: libtirpc-1.1.4-12.el8_10.x86_64                    102/208Installing       : kmod-libs-25-20.0.1.el8.x86_64                     103/208Running scriptlet: kmod-libs-25-20.0.1.el8.x86_64                     103/208Installing       : libnsl2-1.2.0-2.20180605git4a062cf.el8.x86_64      104/208Running scriptlet: libnsl2-1.2.0-2.20180605git4a062cf.el8.x86_64      104/208Installing       : platform-python-setuptools-39.2.0-9.el8_10.noarc   105/208Installing       : platform-python-3.6.8-71.0.1.el8_10.x86_64         106/208Running scriptlet: platform-python-3.6.8-71.0.1.el8_10.x86_64         106/208Installing       : python3-libs-3.6.8-71.0.1.el8_10.x86_64            107/208Installing       : libcroco-0.6.12-4.el8_2.1.x86_64                   108/208Running scriptlet: libcroco-0.6.12-4.el8_2.1.x86_64                   108/208Verifying        : util-linux-2.32.1-46.0.1.el8.x86_64                204/208Verifying        : which-2.21-21.el8_10.x86_64                        205/208Verifying        : xz-5.2.4-4.el8_6.x86_64                            206/208Verifying        : xz-libs-5.2.4-4.el8_6.x86_64                       207/208Verifying        : zlib-1.2.11-25.el8.x86_64                          208/208Installed:dnf-4.7.0-21.0.1.el8_10.noarchdnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-25.0.1.el8.noarchutil-linux-2.32.1-46.0.1.el8.x86_64libxkbcommon-0.9.1-1.el8.x86_64pinentry-1.1.0-2.el8.x86_64python3-unbound-1.16.2-5.9.el8_10.x86_64crypto-policies-scripts-20230731-1.git3177e06.el8.noarchperl-IO-Socket-SSL                             2.066perl-libwww-perl                               6.34python27                                       2.7python36                                       3.6satellite-5-client                             1.0Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================================
Install    286 Packages
Upgrade    380 Packages
Remove      68 Packages
Downgrade    5 PackagesTotal size: 1.0 G
Total download size: 948 M
Downloading Packages:
Check completed.
==> Processing phase `Reports`
====> * verify_check_resultsCheck all dialogs and notify that user needs to make some choices.
====> * verify_check_results[SKIPPED] systemd-239-82.0.5.el8_10.5.x86_64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] systemd-libs-239-82.0.5.el8_10.5.x86_64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] tzdata-2025b-1.0.1.el8.noarch.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] util-linux-2.32.1-46.0.1.el8.x86_64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] which-2.21-21.el8_10.x86_64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] xz-5.2.4-4.el8_6.x86_64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] xz-libs-5.2.4-4.el8_6.x86_64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] zlib-1.2.11-25.el8.x86_64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] pinentry-1.1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libcom_err-1.46.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm: Already downloaded
(208/668): libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64.rpm      60 kB/s |  70 kB     00:01
(209/668): irqbalance-1.9.2-1.el8.x86_64.rpm     60 kB/s |  72 kB     00:01
(210/668): sg3_utils-libs-1.44-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 168 kB/s |  99 kB     00:00
(211/668): NetworkManager-initscripts-updown-1. 187 kB/s | 144 kB     00:00
(212/668): authselect-1.2.6-2.el8.x86_64.rpm    439 kB/s | 147 kB     00:00
(213/668): bzip2-devel-1.0.6-28.el8_10.x86_64.r 477 kB/s | 224 kB     00:00
(214/668): dhcp-client-4.3.6-50.el8_10.x86_64.r 1.0 MB/s | 317 kB     00:00
(215/668): dracut-live-049-237.git20250603.0.1. 189 kB/s |  75 kB     00:00
(216/668): authselect-libs-1.2.6-2.el8.x86_64.r 169 kB/s | 244 kB     00:01
(217/668): dracut-squash-049-237.git20250603.0. 358 kB/s |  65 kB     00:00
(218/668): efi-filesystem-3-3.0.1.el8.noarch.rp  24 kB/s | 9.1 kB     00:00  (554/668): perl-File-Path-2.15-2.el8.noarch.rpm 219 kB/s |  38 kB     00:00
(555/668): perl-File-Temp-0.230.600-1.el8.noarc 166 kB/s |  63 kB     00:00
(556/668): perl-Encode-2.97-3.el8.x86_64.rpm    1.8 MB/s | 1.5 MB     00:00
(557/668): perl-Getopt-Long-2.50-4.el8.noarch.r 107 kB/s |  63 kB     00:00
(558/668): perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.074-3.el8.noarch.rp  95 kB/s |  57 kB     00:00
(559/668): perl-PathTools-3.74-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 486 kB/s |  90 kB     00:00
(560/668): perl-Pod-Escapes-1.07-395.el8.noarch 114 kB/s |  20 kB     00:00
(561/668): perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.28-396.el8.noarch 224 kB/s |  88 kB     00:00
(562/668): perl-Pod-Simple-3.35-395.el8.noarch. 478 kB/s | 213 kB     00:00
(563/668): perl-Pod-Usage-1.69-395.el8.noarch.r 201 kB/s |  34 kB     00:00
(564/668): perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.49-2.el8.x8 369 kB/s |  68 kB     00:00(661/668): xorg-x11-proto-devel-2020.1-3.el8.no 413 kB/s | 280 kB     00:00
(662/668): xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-27.el8.x86 506 kB/s | 198 kB     00:00
(663/668): e2fsprogs-libs-1.46.2-2.el8.x86_64.r 587 kB/s | 242 kB     00:00
(664/668): e2fsprogs-1.46.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm    1.1 MB/s | 1.0 MB     00:00
(665/668): libss-1.46.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm        284 kB/s |  55 kB     00:00
(666/668): iproute-6.8.0-2.el8_10.x86_64.rpm    1.1 MB/s | 873 kB     00:00
(667/668): xfsprogs-5.15.0-1.0.6.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.8 MB/s | 1.2 MB     00:00
(668/668): linux-firmware-20250611-999.41.git35 3.0 MB/s | 465 MB     02:33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           4.0 MB/s | 948 MB     03:59Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Complete!
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'dnf clean packages'.
==> Processing phase `InterimPreparation`
====> * remove_upgrade_artifactsRemoves artifacts left over by previous leapp runs
====> * upgrade_initramfs_generatorCreates the upgrade initramfs
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'dnf clean packages'.
==> Processing phase `InterimPreparation`
====> * remove_upgrade_artifactsRemoves artifacts left over by previous leapp runs
====> * upgrade_initramfs_generatorCreates the upgrade initramfs
====> * efi_interim_fixAdjust EFI boot entry for first reboot
====> * dnf_dry_runActor that invokes DNF to download the RPMs required for the upgrade transaction.
Applying transaction workaround - yum config fixApplying transaction workaround - import trusted gpg keys to RPM DBLast metadata expiration check: 0:09:28 ago on Fri Aug 29 17:34:33 2025.
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================================================================Package                                Arch    Version                                      Repository          Size
=====================================================================================================================
Installing:authselect-compat                      x86_64  1.2.6-2.el8                                  ol8_appstream       38 kreplacing  authconfig.x86_64 6.2.8-30.el7compat-libpthread-nonshared            x86_64  2.28-251.0.3.el8_10.25                       ol8_appstream       77 kcoreutils-common                       x86_64  8.30-15.0.1.el8                              ol8_baseos_latest  2.0 Mpython2-pip                            noarch  9.0.3-19.module+el8.9.0+90013+b7cb8eec       ol8_appstream      1.6 Mpython3-unbound                        x86_64  1.16.2-5.9.el8_10                            ol8_appstream      129 krpm-plugin-systemd-inhibit             x86_64  4.14.3-32.0.1.el8_10                         ol8_baseos_latest   79 ktrousers                               x86_64  0.3.15-2.el8                                 ol8_baseos_latest  151 k
Removing:aic94xx-firmware                       noarch  30-6.el7                                     @System             30 kaudit-libs-python                      x86_64  2.8.5-4.el7                                  @System            316 kcompat-libcap1                         x86_64  1.10-7.el7                                   @System             29 kEnabling module streams:gimp                                           2.8mariadb                                        10.3perl                                           5.26perl-IO-Socket-SSL                             2.066perl-libwww-perl                               6.34python27                                       2.7python36                                       3.6satellite-5-client                             1.0Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================================
Install    286 Packages
Upgrade    380 Packages
Remove      68 Packages
Downgrade    5 PackagesTotal size: 1.0 G
DNF will only download packages, install gpg keys, and check the transaction.
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Complete!
====> * add_upgrade_boot_entryAdd new boot entry for Leapp provided initramfs.
A reboot is required to continue. Please reboot your system.Debug output written to /var/log/leapp/leapp-upgrade.log============================================================REPORT OVERVIEW
============================================================HIGH and MEDIUM severity reports:1. Packages available in excluded repositories will not be installed2. GRUB2 core will be automatically updated during the upgrade3. Difference in Python versions and support in OL 84. Packages not signed by Oracle found on the system5. Default Boot Kernel6. Module pam_pkcs11 will be removed from PAM configurationReports summary:Errors:                      0Inhibitors:                  0HIGH severity reports:       4MEDIUM severity reports:     2LOW severity reports:        3INFO severity reports:       3Before continuing consult the full report:A report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.jsonA report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt============================================================END OF REPORT OVERVIEW
============================================================Answerfile has been generated at /var/log/leapp/answerfile
[root@19ctest ~]#

-- reboot 。

-- 升级后的版本和kernel

[root@19ctest ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Oracle Linux Server"
VERSION="8.10"
ID="ol"
ID_LIKE="fedora"
VARIANT="Server"
VARIANT_ID="server"
VERSION_ID="8.10"
PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8"
PRETTY_NAME="Oracle Linux Server 8.10"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:oracle:linux:8:10:server"
HOME_URL="https://linux.oracle.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://github.com/oracle/oracle-linux"ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux 8"
ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=8.10
ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux"
ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=8.10
[root@19ctest ~]#[root@19ctest ~]# uname -r
5.4.17-2136.346.6.el8uek.x86_64
[root@19ctest ~]#

-- 再次update和upgrad,发现已经是最新版本了

[root@19ctest ~]# yum upgrade
Oracle Linux 8 BaseOS Latest (x86_64)                                                                            6.2 MB/s | 110 MB     00:17
Oracle Linux 8 Application Stream (x86_64)                                                                       2.9 MB/s |  73 MB     00:24
Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 6 for Oracle Linux 8 (x86_64)                                       2.7 MB/s | 123 MB     00:45
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:12 ago on Fri 29 Aug 2025 05:58:34 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@19ctest ~]# yum update
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:27 ago on Fri 29 Aug 2025 05:58:34 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@19ctest ~]#

再次启动,发现有好几个kernel

-- relink ,因为上面跑的有Oracle,需要relink 

[oracle@19ctest ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/
[oracle@19ctest db_1]$ cd bin
[oracle@19ctest bin]$ ls relink
relink
[oracle@19ctest bin]$ ./relink all[oracle@19ctest bin]$ ./relink all
writing relink log to: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/install/relinkActions2025-08-29_06-02-16PM.log
[oracle@19ctest bin]$		

-- 升级过程中,会mount一些目录,升级完毕后,这些目录消失 

[root@19ctest yum.repos.d]# df -h
Filesystem                   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                        2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                        2.0G  8.8M  2.0G   1% /run
tmpfs                        2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/ol_19cdg01-root   17G  9.1G  8.0G  54% /
/dev/sda1                   1014M  237M  778M  24% /boot
/dev/sdc1                    120G   86G   35G  72% /oradata
/dev/sdd1                    120G   90G   31G  75% /arch
/dev/sdf1                    120G   81G   40G  68% /oradatapdb
/dev/sdb1                     40G   25G   16G  61% /u01
/dev/sde1                    100G   24G   77G  24% /mysql
tmpfs                        391M     0  391M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/loop0                   7.1G  164M  6.9G   3% /var/lib/leapp/scratch/mounts/root_
overlay2                     7.1G  164M  6.9G   3% /var/lib/leapp/el8userspace/installroot
/dev/loop1                    73G   33M   73G   1% /var/lib/leapp/scratch/mounts/root_mysql
overlay2                      73G   33M   73G   1% /var/lib/leapp/el8userspace/installroot/mysql
/dev/loop2                   706M   33M  674M   5% /var/lib/leapp/scratch/mounts/root_boot
overlay2                     706M   33M  674M   5% /var/lib/leapp/el8userspace/installroot/boot
/dev/loop3                    30G   33M   30G   1% /var/lib/leapp/scratch/mounts/root_arch
overlay2                      30G   33M   30G   1% /var/lib/leapp/el8userspace/installroot/arch
/dev/loop4                    16G   33M   15G   1% /var/lib/leapp/scratch/mounts/root_u01
overlay2                      16G   33M   15G   1% /var/lib/leapp/el8userspace/installroot/u01
/dev/loop5                    38G   33M   38G   1% /var/lib/leapp/scratch/mounts/root_oradatapdb
overlay2                      38G   33M   38G   1% /var/lib/leapp/el8userspace/installroot/oradatapdb
/dev/loop6                    33G   33M   33G   1% /var/lib/leapp/scratch/mounts/root_oradata
overlay2                      33G   33M   33G   1% /var/lib/leapp/el8userspace/installroot/oradata
[root@19ctest yum.repos.d]#

END 

-- 升级后add,20250829 PM21:01 

1  文章中的升级过程,步骤是齐全的,内容只是摘抄了部分,没有全部显示升级中的日志内容

2 升级后,明显感觉启动OS ,速度比7.9快很多。

END 

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