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STM32——中断

news 2025/8/28 9:29:11

总：STM32——学习总纲

一、什么是中断

1.1 作用与意义

1.2 STM32 GPIO 外部中断简图

二、NVIC

2.1 NVIC 基本概念

Nested vectored interrupt controller，嵌套向量中断控制器，属于内核（M3、M4、M7）

用不到很多的优先级，允许厂商裁剪

内核中断、外部中断，都有其对应的中断服务函数，是中断的入口。被定义在中断向量表中。

2.1.1 中断向量表

STM32 是 32位单片机每一次取地址32位，也就是4byte。

main函数优先级最低。

STM32F1参考手册：

2.2 NVIC 相关寄存器

2.3 NVIC 工作原理

2.4 STM32 中断优先级基本概念

2.5 STM32 中断优先级分组

IPR寄存器只是用高四位 [7:4]分配优先级。x位表示 2^x 个优先级。

举例：

2.6 STM32 NVIC使用

步骤		操作寄存器	HAL库
1	设置中断分组	AIRCR[10:8]	HAL_NVIC_SetPriorityGrouping
2	设置中断优先级	IPRx [7:4]	HAL_NVIC_SetPriority
3	使能中断	ISERx	HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ

除了这三个HAL库函数，还有其他不常用的NVIC函数。

一般在HAL_Init() 函数中设置分组2：NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_2。

/*** @brief  This function is used to initialize the HAL Library; it must be the first*         instruction to be executed in the main program (before to call any other*         HAL function), it performs the following:*           Configure the Flash prefetch.*           Configures the SysTick to generate an interrupt each 1 millisecond,*           which is clocked by the HSI (at this stage, the clock is not yet*           configured and thus the system is running from the internal HSI at 16 MHz).*           Set NVIC Group Priority to 4.*           Calls the HAL_MspInit() callback function defined in user file*           "stm32f1xx_hal_msp.c" to do the global low level hardware initialization** @note   SysTick is used as time base for the HAL_Delay() function, the application*         need to ensure that the SysTick time base is always set to 1 millisecond*         to have correct HAL operation.* @retval HAL status*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_Init(void)
{/* Configure Flash prefetch */
#if (PREFETCH_ENABLE != 0)
#if defined(STM32F101x6) || defined(STM32F101xB) || defined(STM32F101xE) || defined(STM32F101xG) || \defined(STM32F102x6) || defined(STM32F102xB) || \defined(STM32F103x6) || defined(STM32F103xB) || defined(STM32F103xE) || defined(STM32F103xG) || \defined(STM32F105xC) || defined(STM32F107xC)/* Prefetch buffer is not available on value line devices */__HAL_FLASH_PREFETCH_BUFFER_ENABLE();
#endif
#endif /* PREFETCH_ENABLE *//* Set Interrupt Group Priority */HAL_NVIC_SetPriorityGrouping(NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_2);/* Use systick as time base source and configure 1ms tick (default clock after Reset is HSI) */HAL_InitTick(TICK_INT_PRIORITY);/* Init the low level hardware */HAL_MspInit();/* Return function status */return HAL_OK;
}

/*** @brief  Sets the priority grouping field (preemption priority and subpriority)*         using the required unlock sequence.* @param  PriorityGroup: The priority grouping bits length. *         This parameter can be one of the following values:*         @arg NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_0: 0 bits for preemption priority*                                    4 bits for subpriority*         @arg NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_1: 1 bits for preemption priority*                                    3 bits for subpriority*         @arg NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_2: 2 bits for preemption priority*                                    2 bits for subpriority*         @arg NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_3: 3 bits for preemption priority*                                    1 bits for subpriority*         @arg NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_4: 4 bits for preemption priority*                                    0 bits for subpriority* @note   When the NVIC_PriorityGroup_0 is selected, IRQ preemption is no more possible. *         The pending IRQ priority will be managed only by the subpriority. * @retval None*/
void HAL_NVIC_SetPriorityGrouping(uint32_t PriorityGroup)

/*** @brief  Sets the priority of an interrupt.* @param  IRQn: External interrupt number.*         This parameter can be an enumerator of IRQn_Type enumeration*         (For the complete STM32 Devices IRQ Channels list, please refer to the appropriate CMSIS device file (stm32f10xx.h))* @param  PreemptPriority: The preemption priority for the IRQn channel.*         This parameter can be a value between 0 and 15*         A lower priority value indicates a higher priority * @param  SubPriority: the subpriority level for the IRQ channel.*         This parameter can be a value between 0 and 15*         A lower priority value indicates a higher priority.          * @retval None*/
void HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(IRQn_Type IRQn, uint32_t PreemptPriority, uint32_t SubPriority)

IRQn_Type：是中断号枚举类型，对于中断向量表中断位置（STM32f1参考手册）。

PreemptPriority：抢占优先级

SubPriority：响应优先级

/*** @brief  Enables a device specific interrupt in the NVIC interrupt controller.* @note   To configure interrupts priority correctly, the NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig()*         function should be called before. * @param  IRQn External interrupt number.*         This parameter can be an enumerator of IRQn_Type enumeration*         (For the complete STM32 Devices IRQ Channels list, please refer to the appropriate CMSIS device file (stm32f10xxx.h))* @retval None*/
void HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(IRQn_Type IRQn)