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STM32 HAL库驱动0.96寸OLED屏幕

news 2025/8/12 7:31:26

STM32 HAL库驱动0.96寸OLED屏幕

项目概述

本项目使用STM32 HAL库为0.96寸OLED屏幕编写驱动程序。OLED屏幕通过I2C接口与STM32单片机通信，实现文本、数字和图形的显示功能。

项目仓库地址：STM32_Sensor_Drives

硬件连接

在这里插入图片描述

OLED屏幕通过I2C接口与STM32连接：

SCL连接到PB8
SDA连接到PB9

关键代码

1. I2C初始化

void MX_I2C1_Init(void)
{hi2c1.Instance = I2C1;hi2c1.Init.ClockSpeed = 100000;hi2c1.Init.DutyCycle = I2C_DUTYCYCLE_2;hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0;hi2c1.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;hi2c1.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;hi2c1.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;hi2c1.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}

2. I2C引脚配置

void HAL_I2C_MspInit(I2C_HandleTypeDef *i2cHandle)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};if (i2cHandle->Instance == I2C1){__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();/**I2C1 GPIO ConfigurationPB8     ------> I2C1_SCLPB9     ------> I2C1_SDA*/GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_8 | GPIO_PIN_9;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_OD;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);__HAL_AFIO_REMAP_I2C1_ENABLE();/* I2C1 clock enable */__HAL_RCC_I2C1_CLK_ENABLE();}
}

3. OLED基本通信函数

// 向OLED发送命令
void Write_IIC_Command(uint8_t cmd)
{HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, 0x78, 0x00, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, &cmd, 1, 100);
}// 向OLED发送数据
void Write_IIC_Data(uint8_t data)
{HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, 0x78, 0x40, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT, &data, 1, 100);
}

4. OLED显示控制函数

// 设置显示坐标
void OLED_Set_Pos(unsigned char x, unsigned char y)
{Write_IIC_Command(0xb0 + y);Write_IIC_Command(((x & 0xf0) >> 4) | 0x10);Write_IIC_Command((x & 0x0f));
}// 开启OLED显示
void OLED_Display_On(void)
{Write_IIC_Command(0X8D); // SET DCDC命令Write_IIC_Command(0X14); // DCDC ONWrite_IIC_Command(0XAF); // DISPLAY ON
}// 关闭OLED显示
void OLED_Display_Off(void)
{Write_IIC_Command(0X8D); // SET DCDC命令Write_IIC_Command(0X10); // DCDC OFFWrite_IIC_Command(0XAE); // DISPLAY OFF
}// 清屏函数
void OLED_Clear(void)
{uint8_t i, n;for (i = 0; i < 8; i++){Write_IIC_Command(0xb0 + i); // 设置页地址（0~7）Write_IIC_Command(0x00);     // 设置显示位置—列低地址Write_IIC_Command(0x10);     // 设置显示位置—列高地址for (n = 0; n < 128; n++)Write_IIC_Data(0);}
}// 全屏点亮
void OLED_On(void)
{uint8_t i, n;for (i = 0; i < 8; i++){Write_IIC_Command(0xb0 + i); // 设置页地址（0~7）Write_IIC_Command(0x00);     // 设置显示位置—列低地址Write_IIC_Command(0x10);     // 设置显示位置—列高地址for (n = 0; n < 128; n++)Write_IIC_Data(1);}
}

5. 字符显示函数

// 在指定位置显示一个字符
void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t chr, uint8_t Char_Size)
{unsigned char c = 0, i = 0;c = chr - ' '; // 得到偏移后的值if (x > Max_Column - 1){x = 0;y = y + 2;}if (Char_Size == 16){OLED_Set_Pos(x, y);for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)Write_IIC_Data(F8X16[c * 16 + i]);OLED_Set_Pos(x, y + 1);for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)Write_IIC_Data(F8X16[c * 16 + i + 8]);}else{OLED_Set_Pos(x, y);for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)Write_IIC_Data(F6x8[c][i]);}
}// 显示字符串
void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t *chr, uint8_t Char_Size)
{unsigned char j = 0;while (chr[j] != '\0'){OLED_ShowChar(x, y, chr[j], Char_Size);x += 8;j++;}
}// 显示数字
void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint32_t num, uint8_t len, uint8_t size2)
{uint8_t t, temp;uint8_t enshow = 0;for (t = 0; t < len; t++){temp = (num / oled_pow(10, len - t - 1)) % 10;if (enshow == 0 && t < (len - 1)){if (temp == 0){OLED_ShowChar(x + (size2 / 2) * t, y, ' ', size2);continue;}elseenshow = 1;}OLED_ShowChar(x + (size2 / 2) * t, y, temp + '0', size2);}
}// m^n函数
uint32_t oled_pow(uint8_t m, uint8_t n)
{uint32_t result = 1;while (n--)result *= m;return result;
}

6. 中文显示和图片显示

// 显示中文
void OLED_ShowCHinese(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t no)
{uint8_t t, adder = 0;OLED_Set_Pos(x, y);for (t = 0; t < 16; t++){Write_IIC_Data(Hzk[no][t]);adder += 1;}OLED_Set_Pos(x, y + 1);for (t = 0; t < 16; t++){Write_IIC_Data(Hzk[no][t + 16]);adder += 1;}
}// 显示BMP图片
void OLED_DrawBMP(unsigned char x0, unsigned char y0, unsigned char x1, unsigned char y1, unsigned char BMP[])
{unsigned int j = 0;unsigned char x, y;if (y1 % 8 == 0)y = y1 / 8;elsey = y1 / 8 + 1;for (y = y0; y < y1; y++){OLED_Set_Pos(x0, y);for (x = x0; x < x1; x++){Write_IIC_Data(BMP[j++]);}}
}

7. OLED初始化函数

void OLED_start(void)
{Write_IIC_Command(0xAE); // 关闭显示Write_IIC_Command(0xD5); // 设置时钟分频因子,震荡频率Write_IIC_Command(0x80); // [3:0],分频因子;[7:4],震荡频率Write_IIC_Command(0xA8); // 设置驱动路数Write_IIC_Command(0x3F); // 默认0X3F(1/64)Write_IIC_Command(0xD3); // 设置显示偏移Write_IIC_Command(0x00); // 默认为0Write_IIC_Command(0x40); // 设置显示开始行 [5:0],行数.Write_IIC_Command(0x8D); // 电荷泵设置Write_IIC_Command(0x14); // bit2，开启/关闭Write_IIC_Command(0x20); // 设置内存地址模式Write_IIC_Command(0x02); // [1:0],00，列地址模式;01，行地址模式;10,页地址模式;默认10;Write_IIC_Command(0xA1); // 段重定义设置,bit0:0,0->0;1,0->127;Write_IIC_Command(0xC8); // 设置COM扫描方向;bit3:0,普通模式;1,重定义模式 COM[N-1]->COM0;N:驱动路数Write_IIC_Command(0xDA); // 设置COM硬件引脚配置Write_IIC_Command(0x12); // [5:4]配置Write_IIC_Command(0x81); // 对比度设置Write_IIC_Command(0xEF); // 1~255;默认0X7F (亮度设置,越大越亮)Write_IIC_Command(0xD9); // 设置预充电周期Write_IIC_Command(0xf1); // [3:0],PHASE 1;[7:4],PHASE 2;Write_IIC_Command(0xDB); // 设置VCOMH 电压倍率Write_IIC_Command(0x30); // [6:4] 000,0.65*vcc;001,0.77*vcc;011,0.83*vcc;Write_IIC_Command(0xA4); // 全局显示开启;bit0:1,开启;0,关闭;(白屏/黑屏)Write_IIC_Command(0xA6); // 设置显示方式;bit0:1,反相显示;0,正常显示Write_IIC_Command(0xAF); // 开启显示OLED_Clear();
}

8. 主函数中的使用示例

int main(void)
{/* 省略初始化代码 *//* 初始化外设 */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART2_UART_Init();MX_I2C1_Init();/* 初始化OLED */OLED_start();/* 无限循环 */printf("System will start while\n");OLED_Clear();OLED_ShowString(0, 0, (uint8_t*)"Init success", 16);OLED_ShowString(0, 2, (uint8_t*)"Init success", 12);while (1){HAL_Delay(200);}
}

字体数据

项目中包含了两种字体数据：

6x8点阵字体（F6x8）：适用于小字体显示
8x16点阵字体（F8X16）：适用于大字体显示
中文字库（Hzk）：用于显示中文字符

注意事项

OLED的I2C地址为0x78（写操作）
显示区域为128x64像素
使用前需要先调用OLED_start()初始化OLED
清屏函数OLED_Clear()可以清除屏幕上的所有内容

常用函数总结

函数名	功能描述
OLED_start()	初始化OLED
OLED_Clear()	清屏
OLED_Display_On()	开启显示
OLED_Display_Off()	关闭显示
OLED_ShowChar()	显示单个字符
OLED_ShowString()	显示字符串
OLED_ShowNum()	显示数字
OLED_ShowCHinese()	显示中文
OLED_DrawBMP()	显示BMP图片