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Android activity与service通信的三种方法

news 2025/7/21 11:25:40

本文梳理了activity与service通信的方法。

注意：请注意服务需要在AndroidManifest中注册！！！

请注意服务需要在AndroidManifest中注册！！！

一丶Activity使用Bind()绑定服务

定义自己的服务类

package com.example.server_testimport android.app.Service
import android.content.Intent
import android.os.Binder
import android.os.IBinderclass MyService: Service() {private val binder = MyBinder()/*** 注意使用inner，否则无法访问外部类*/inner class MyBinder : Binder(){fun getService(): MyService{return this@MyService}}// 当activity调用bingService绑定服务时时，这个方法会被调用override fun onBind(p0: Intent?): IBinder = binder// 获取数据fun getData(): String = "这是来自服务的数据！！！"override fun onCreate() {super.onCreate()}override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId)}override fun onDestroy() {super.onDestroy()}}

绑定服务

package com.example.server_testimport android.content.ComponentName
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.content.ServiceConnection
import android.os.Bundle
import android.os.IBinder
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.activity.enableEdgeToEdge
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat
import com.example.server_test.databinding.ActivityMainBindingclass MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {private lateinit var binding: ActivityMainBindingprivate lateinit var service : MyServiceprivate val connection = object :ServiceConnection{override fun onServiceConnected(p0: ComponentName?, p1: IBinder?) {service = (p1 as MyService.MyBinder).getService()// 绑定成功后可以立即做某些事情？binding.testBtn.isEnabled = true}override fun onServiceDisconnected(p0: ComponentName?) {// 当服务断开连接时}}override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)setContentView(binding.root)binding.testBtn.isEnabled = falsebindService(Intent(this, MyService::class.java), connection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE)setupEvent()}private fun setupEvent(){binding.testBtn.setOnClickListener{// 从服务获取数据Toast.makeText(this, service.getData(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()}}override fun onDestroy() {super.onDestroy()unbindService(connection)}
}

二、使用广播，service与activity通信

定义自己的服务类

package com.example.server_testimport android.app.Service
import android.content.Intent
import android.os.Binder
import android.os.Handler
import android.os.IBinder
import android.os.Looper
import android.util.Logclass MyService: Service() {private val handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())private val interval: Long = 5000 // 5秒private var isRunning = falseoverride fun onBind(p0: Intent?): IBinder? = null// 获取数据private fun getMessage(): String = "这是来自服务的数据！！！"// 发送广播消息fun sendMessage() {Log.d("send", "消息已发出")val intent = Intent("SERVICE_MESSAGE").setPackage("com.example.server_test")intent.putExtra("msg", getMessage())sendBroadcast(intent)}override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {if (!isRunning)startScheduledMessage()return START_STICKY}override fun onDestroy() {super.onDestroy()stopScheduledMessage()}// 启动定时任务private fun startScheduledMessage() {isRunning = truehandler.postDelayed(messageRunnable, interval)}// 停止定时任务private fun stopScheduledMessage() {isRunning = falsehandler.removeCallbacks(messageRunnable)}// 定时任务执行体private val messageRunnable = object : Runnable {override fun run() {if (isRunning) {sendMessage()handler.postDelayed(this, interval)}}}}

在activity定义接收器

private val receiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {val data = intent?.getStringExtra("msg")// 可以在这里做一些事情Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, data ?: "没有数据", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()}}

注册接收器并启动服务

package com.example.server_testimport android.annotation.SuppressLint
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.content.IntentFilter
import android.os.Build
import android.os.Bundle
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import com.example.server_test.databinding.ActivityMainBindingclass MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {private lateinit var binding: ActivityMainBindingprivate val receiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {val data = intent?.getStringExtra("msg")// 可以在这里做一些事情Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, data ?: "没有数据", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()}}override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)setContentView(binding.root)}@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)@SuppressLint("UnspecifiedRegisterReceiverFlag")private fun setupServer(){val filter = IntentFilter("SERVICE_MESSAGE")registerReceiver(receiver, filter, Context.RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED)// 启动服务startService(Intent(this, MyService::class.java))}override fun onPause() {super.onPause()unregisterReceiver(receiver)}override fun onDestroy() {// 停止服务stopService(Intent(this, MyService::class.java))super.onDestroy()}
}