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SpringCloud——环境搭建

news 来源：原创 2025/5/23 4:48:12

一、从Boot和Cloud版本选型开始说起

（1）无伤速通版

（2）详细推演版

1.2.1SpringCloud 分为上下两场

上篇SpringCloud
下篇SpringCloud Alibaba
上下篇没有严格的顺序要求，各自独立，截然不同

1.2.2SpringBoot 版本选择

git源码地址：
官网看Boot版本：
SpringBoot3官网：
通过上面官网发现，Boot官方强烈建议你使用Java17+升级到3.X以上版本

1.2.3SpringCloud 版本选择

git源码地址：
Cloud命名规则：
springcloud（截至2023.12.12）：
演变：

1.2.4SpringCloud Alibaba 版本选择

不要在Spring官网看SpringCloud Alibaba版本，因为Spring官网有延后情况，非SpringCloud Alibaba的最新版
SpringCloud Alibaba官网GitHub说明：
1. 毕业版本依赖关系（推荐使用）：https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E
2. 版本选择：
SpringCloud Alibaba版本：Spring Cloud Alibaba 参考文档

1.2.5本次讲解定稿版

版本适配匹配度，请严格依照官网
若同时用boot和cloud，由话事人cloud决定boot版本

二、关于Cloud各种组件的停更/升级/替换

（1）SpringCloud是什么？能干嘛？产生背景？

（2）速通版

三、微服务架构编码Base工程模块构建

（1）订单→支付，业务需求说明

（2）约定>配置>编码

（3）IDEA新建Project和Maven父工程

3.3.1微服务cloud整体聚合Maven父工程Project

（1）New Project

（2）聚合总父工程名字

（3）字符编码

（4）注解生效激活

（5）Java编译版本选17

（6）File Type过滤

3.3.2父工程POM文件内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>mscloudV5</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <hutool.version>5.8.22</hutool.version>
        <lombok.version>1.18.26</lombok.version>
        <druid.version>1.1.20</druid.version>
        <mybatis.springboot.version>3.0.2</mybatis.springboot.version>
        <mysql.version>8.0.11</mysql.version>
        <swagger3.version>2.2.0</swagger3.version>
        <mapper.version>4.2.3</mapper.version>
        <fastjson2.version>2.0.40</fastjson2.version>
        <persistence-api.version>1.0.2</persistence-api.version>
        <spring.boot.test.version>3.1.5</spring.boot.test.version>
        <spring.boot.version>3.2.0</spring.boot.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>2023.0.0</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2022.0.0.0-RC2</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--springboot 3.2.0-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--springcloud 2023.0.0-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--springcloud alibaba 2022.0.0.0-RC2-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--SpringBoot集成mybatis-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.springboot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--Mysql数据库驱动8 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--SpringBoot集成druid连接池-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--通用Mapper4之tk.mybatis-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
                <version>${mapper.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--persistence-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
                <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
                <version>${persistence-api.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- fastjson2 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
                <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
                <version>${fastjson2.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
                <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
                <version>${swagger3.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--hutool-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
                <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
                <version>${hutool.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--lombok-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <!-- spring-boot-starter-test -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.test.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

3.3.3Maven工程落地细节复习

dependencyManagement 是 Maven 管理依赖版本号的方式
通常在组织或项目最顶层的父 POM 中会出现 dependencyManagement 元素
使用 dependencyManagement 可让子项目引用依赖时无需显式列出版本号
Maven 会向上查找含 dependencyManagement 元素的项目，使用其中指定的版本号
统一版本管理优势：
1. 多个子项目引用相同依赖时，避免在各子项目中重复声明版本号
2. 升级或切换依赖版本时，只需在顶层父 POM 更新，无需逐个修改子项目
3. 子项目若需不同版本，单独声明版本号即可
dependencyManagement 特性：
1. 仅声明依赖，不实际引入，子项目需显式声明要使用的依赖
2. 子项目不声明依赖，不会从父项目继承；声明依赖且不指定版本，才从父项目继承版本和作用域
3. 子项目指定版本号时，使用子项目指定的版本

maven中跳过单元测试

<build><!-- maven中跳过单元测试 -->
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <skip>true</skip>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

IDEA工具支持（推荐）

3.3.4mysql驱动说明

mysql5：

# mysql5.7---JDBC四件套
jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2024?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false
jdbc.user = root
jdbc.password =123456
 


# Maven的POM文件处理
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>

mysql8：

# mysql8.0---JDBC四件套
jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2024?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
jdbc.user = root
jdbc.password =123456

 

 

# Maven的POM
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.11</version>
</dependency>

（4）Mapper4之一键生成

（1）mybatis-generator

MyBatis Generator Core – Introduction to MyBatis Generator

（2）MyBatis通用Mapper4官网

本次使用Mapper4
GitHub - abel533/Mapper: Mybatis Common Mapper - Easy to use

（3）下一代：MyBatis通用Mapper5官网

GitHub - mybatis-mapper/mapper: MyBatis Mapper

（4）一键生成步骤

SQL（db2024库t_pay支付信息表SQL）：

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_pay`;

 

CREATE TABLE `t_pay` (

  `id` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

  `pay_no` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '支付流水号',

  `order_no` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单流水号',

  `user_id` INT(10) DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '用户账号ID',

  `amount` DECIMAL(8,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '9.9' COMMENT '交易金额',

  `deleted` TINYINT(4) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '删除标志，默认0不删除，1删除',

  `create_time` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',

  `update_time` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新时间',

  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='支付交易表';

 

INSERT INTO t_pay(pay_no,order_no) VALUES('pay17203699','6544bafb424a');

 

SELECT * FROM t_pay;

Module：

POM：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>mscloudV5</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>mybatis_generator2024</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>


    <dependencies>
        <!--Mybatis 通用mapper tk单独使用，自己独有+自带版本号-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Mybatis Generator 自己独有+自带版本号-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--通用Mapper-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql8.0-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--persistence-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
            <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>${basedir}/src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.4.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <configurationFile>${basedir}/src/main/resources/generatorConfig.xml</configurationFile>
                    <overwrite>true</overwrite>
                    <verbose>true</verbose>
                </configuration>
                <dependencies>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                        <version>8.0.33</version>
                    </dependency>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
                        <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
                        <version>4.2.3</version>
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

配置：在src/main/resources路径下新建：

config.properties

#t_pay表包名
package.name=com.atguigu.cloud

# mysql8.0
jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2024?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
jdbc.user = root
jdbc.password =123456

generatorConfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd">

<generatorConfiguration>
    <properties resource="config.properties"/>

    <context id="Mysql" targetRuntime="MyBatis3Simple" defaultModelType="flat">
        <property name="beginningDelimiter" value="`"/>
        <property name="endingDelimiter" value="`"/>

        <plugin type="tk.mybatis.mapper.generator.MapperPlugin">
            <property name="mappers" value="tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper"/>
            <property name="caseSensitive" value="true"/>
        </plugin>

        <jdbcConnection driverClass="${jdbc.driverClass}"
                        connectionURL="${jdbc.url}"
                        userId="${jdbc.user}"
                        password="${jdbc.password}">
        </jdbcConnection>

        <javaModelGenerator targetPackage="${package.name}.entities" targetProject="src/main/java"/>

        <sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="${package.name}.mapper" targetProject="src/main/java"/>

        <javaClientGenerator targetPackage="${package.name}.mapper" targetProject="src/main/java" type="XMLMAPPER"/>

        <table tableName="t_pay" domainObjectName="Pay">
            <generatedKey column="id" sqlStatement="JDBC"/>
        </table>
    </context>
</generatorConfiguration>

一键生成（双击插件 mybatis-generator:gererate，一键生成，生成 entity+mapper 接口 + xml 实现 SQL）：

（5）Rest通用Base工程构建

3.5.1工程V1

（1）cloud-provider-payment8001微服务提供者支付Module模块

一、微服务小口诀

建module
改POM
写YML
主启动
业务类

二、步骤

建module

改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>mscloudV5</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>


    <dependencies>
        <!--SpringBoot通用依赖模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringBoot集成druid连接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mybatis和springboot整合-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--Mysql数据库驱动8 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--persistence-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
            <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--通用Mapper4-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- fastjson2 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.28</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--test-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.0</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

写YML

server:
  port: 8001

# ==========applicationName + druid-mysql8 driver===================
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service

  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2024?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
    username: root
    password: 123456

# ========================mybatis===================
mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.cloud.entities
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true

主启动（修改Main类名为Main8001）

业务类

将之前一键生成的代码直接拷贝进8001模块
entities：
1. 主实体Pay
2. 传递数值PayDTO
mapper：
1. Mapper接口PayMapper
2. 映射文件PayMapper.xml（第一步：src/main/resources路径下，新建文件夹mapper；第二步：拷贝PayMapper.xml进上一步的mapper文件夹）

service：

服务接口PayService

实现类PayServiceImpl

package com.atguigu.cloud.service;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Pay;
import com.atguigu.cloud.mapper.PayMapper;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class PayServiceImpl implements PayService {
    @Resource
    private PayMapper payMapper;

    @Override
    public int add(Pay pay) {
        return payMapper.insertSelective(pay);
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Integer id) {
        return payMapper.deleteByPrimaryKey(id);
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Pay pay) {
        return payMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(pay);
    }

    @Override
    public Pay getById(Integer id) {
        return payMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Pay> getAll() {
        return payMapper.selectAll();
    }
}

controller：

package com.atguigu.cloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Pay;
import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.PayDTO;
import com.atguigu.cloud.service.PayService;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
public class PayController {
    @Resource
    private PayService payService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/pay/add")
    public String addPay(@RequestBody Pay pay){
        System.out.println(pay.toString());
        int i = payService.add(pay);
        return "成功插入记录，返回值：" + i;
    }

    @DeleteMapping(value = "/pay/del/{id}")
    public Integer deletePay(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return payService.delete(id);
    }

    @PutMapping(value = "/pay/update")
    public String updatePay(@RequestBody PayDTO payDTO){
        Pay pay = new Pay();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(payDTO,pay);

        int i = payService.update(pay);
        return "成功修改记录，返回值：" + i;
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/pay/get/{id}")
    public Pay getById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return payService.getById(id);
    }
}

三、测试

PostMan：
Swagger：
1. 常用注解：
  1. 注解列表：
  2. Controller：
  3. 方法：
  4. entity或DTO：
2. 含分组迭代的Config配置类（Swagger3Config）：
3. 调用方式：

（2）上述模块还有哪些问题

一、时间格式问题

二、Java如何设计API接口实现统一格式返回

影响前端/小程序/app等交互体验和开发（1）void（2）数值（3）String（4）对象entity（5）Map
看看目前程序返回值情况：故意写了多种返回类值

三、全局异常接入返回的标准格式

有统一返回值+全局统一异常

3.5.2工程V2（cloud-provider-payment8001改进版）

一、解决：时间格式问题

二、解决：返回统一值

（1）思路

定义返回标准格式，3大标配
1. code状态值：由后端同意定义各种返回结果的状态码
2. message描述：本次接口调用的结果描述
3. data数据：本次返回的数据
扩展：timestamp，接口调用时间

（2）步骤

新建枚举类ReturnCodeEnum（举值、构造、遍历）

HTTP请求返回的状态码

ReturnDodeEnum

package com.atguigu.cloud.resp;

import lombok.Getter;

import java.util.Arrays;

@Getter
public enum ReturnCodeEnum {
    //1.举值
    /**操作失败**/
    RC999("999","操作XXX失败"),
    /**操作成功**/
    RC200("200","success"),
    /**服务降级**/
    RC201("201","服务开启降级保护,请稍后再试!"),
    /**热点参数限流**/
    RC202("202","热点参数限流,请稍后再试!"),
    /**系统规则不满足**/
    RC203("203","系统规则不满足要求,请稍后再试!"),
    /**授权规则不通过**/
    RC204("204","授权规则不通过,请稍后再试!"),
    /**access_denied**/
    RC403("403","无访问权限,请联系管理员授予权限"),
    /**access_denied**/
    RC401("401","匿名用户访问无权限资源时的异常"),
    RC404("404","404页面找不到的异常"),
    /**服务异常**/
    RC500("500","系统异常，请稍后重试"),
    RC375("375","数学运算异常，请稍后重试"),

    INVALID_TOKEN("2001","访问令牌不合法"),
    ACCESS_DENIED("2003","没有权限访问该资源"),
    CLIENT_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED("1001","客户端认证失败"),
    USERNAME_OR_PASSWORD_ERROR("1002","用户名或密码错误"),
    BUSINESS_ERROR("1004","业务逻辑异常"),
    UNSUPPORTED_GRANT_TYPE("1003", "不支持的认证模式");

    //2.构造
    private final String code;
    private final String message;

    ReturnCodeEnum(String code, String message) {
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
    }

    //3.遍历
    //3.1传统版
    public static ReturnCodeEnum getReturnCodeEnumV1(String code){
        for (ReturnCodeEnum element : ReturnCodeEnum.values()) {
            if (element.getCode().equalsIgnoreCase(code)) {
                return element;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    //3.2Stream流式计算版
    public static ReturnCodeEnum getReturnCodeEnumV2(String code){
        return Arrays.stream(ReturnCodeEnum.values()).filter(x -> x.getCode().equalsIgnoreCase(code)).findFirst().orElse(null);
    }
}

新建统一定义返回对象ResultData

package com.atguigu.cloud.resp;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;

@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class ResultData<T> {

    private String code;
    private String message;
    private T data;
    private long timestamp;

    public ResultData() {
        this.timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    public static <T> ResultData<T> success(T data){
        ResultData<T> resultData = new ResultData<>();
        
        resultData.setCode(ReturnCodeEnum.RC200.getCode());
        resultData.setMessage(ReturnCodeEnum.RC200.getMessage());
        resultData.setData(data);

        return resultData;
    }
    
    public static <T> ResultData<T> fail(String code,String message){
        ResultData<T> resultData = new ResultData<>();
        
        resultData.setCode(code);
        resultData.setMessage(message);
        resultData.setData(null);

        return resultData;
    }
}

（3）修改PayController

package com.atguigu.cloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.Pay;
import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.PayDTO;
import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ResultData;
import com.atguigu.cloud.service.PayService;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@Tag(name = "支付微服务模块",description = "支付CRUD")
public class PayController {
    @Resource
    private PayService payService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/pay/add")
    @Operation(summary = "新增",description = "新增支付流水方法，json串做参数")
    public ResultData<String> addPay(@RequestBody Pay pay){
        System.out.println(pay.toString());
        int i = payService.add(pay);
        return ResultData.success("成功插入记录，返回值："+i);
    }

    @DeleteMapping(value = "/pay/del/{id}")
    @Operation(summary = "删除",description = "删除支付流水方法")
    public ResultData<Integer> deletePay(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        int i = payService.delete(id);
        return ResultData.success(i);
    }

    @PutMapping(value = "/pay/update")
    @Operation(summary = "修改",description = "修改支付流水方法")
    public ResultData<String> updatePay(@RequestBody PayDTO payDTO){
        Pay pay = new Pay();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(payDTO,pay);

        int i = payService.update(pay);
        return ResultData.success("成功插入记录，返回值：" + i);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/pay/get/{id}")
    @Operation(summary = "按照ID查流水",description = "查询支付流水方法")
    public ResultData<Pay> getById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        Pay pay = payService.getById(id);
        return ResultData.success(pay);
    }
}

（4）测试

（5）结论

通过ResultData.success()对返回结果进行包装后返回给前端

（6）查询方法写个bug

三、解决：全局异常接入返回的标注格式

（1）为什么需要全局异常处理器

不用再手写try...catch
当然，如果非要try...catch也是可以的

（2）新建全局异常类GlobalExceptionHandler

package com.atguigu.cloud.exp;

import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ResultData;
import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ReturnCodeEnum;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;

@Slf4j
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(RuntimeException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
    public ResultData<String> exception(Exception e){
        System.out.println("----come in GlobalExceptionHandler");
        log.error("全局异常信息exception:{}",e.getMessage(),e);
        return ResultData.fail(ReturnCodeEnum.RC500.getCode(), e.getMessage());
    }
}

（3）修改Controller

（6）引入微服务理念，从这里开始

3.6.1订单微服务80如何才能调用到支付微服务8001？

3.6.2cloud-consumer-order80微服务调用者订单Module模块

建cloud-consumer-order80

改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>mscloudV5</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>


    <dependencies>
        <!--web + actuator-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-all-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--fastjson2-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

写YML
```
server:
  port: 80
```
主启动（修改Main类名为Main80）

业务类

entities：传递数值PayDTO
ResultData统一返回值也从8001拷贝进来
RestTemplateRestTemplate (Spring Framework 6.0.11 API)

config配置类

package com.com.atguigu.cloud.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
    
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

controller

package com.atguigu.cloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.cloud.entities.PayDTO;
import com.atguigu.cloud.resp.ResultData;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
public class OrderController {
    public static final String PaymentSrv_URL = "http://localhost:8001";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/pay/add")
    public ResultData addOrder(PayDTO payDTO){
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PaymentSrv_URL + "/pay/add", payDTO, ResultData.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/pay/get/{id}")
    public ResultData getPayInfo(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PaymentSrv_URL + "/pay/get/" + id, ResultData.class);
    }
}

postman测试
关于RestTemplate：
1. 使用说明：
2. getForObject方法/getForEntity方法
3. postForObject方法/postForEntity方法
4. GET请求方法
5. POST请求方法

3.6.3工程重构

（1）观察问题

（2）新建Module

cloud-api-commons
对外暴露通用的组件/api/接口/工具类等

（3）改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>mscloudV5</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>



    <dependencies>
        <!--SpringBoot通用依赖模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

（4）entities

（5）全局异常类，可加可不加

（6）maven命令clean install

（7）订单80和支付8001分别改造

删除各自的原先有过的entities和统一返回体等内容

各自粘贴POM内容（在原来的POM文件的基础上，引入自己定义的api通用包）

8001

<!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>