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AlmaLinux9.6 部署 MariaDB10.11 和 Zabbix7.0 完整教程

news 2025/11/17 10:46:12

准备工作

系统要求

  • 操作系统: AlmaLinux 9.6 64 位系统

  • 内存: 至少 2GB 内存（推荐 4GB+）

  • 磁盘空间: 至少 20GB 磁盘空间

  • 网络: 网络连接正常

网络配置

Server端：

  • 静态 IP 配置: 192.168.1.31

  • 子网掩码: 255.255.255.0

  • 网关: 192.168.1.1

  • DNS: 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4

Agent端：

  • 静态 IP 配置: 192.168.1.32

  • 子网掩码: 255.255.255.0

  • 网关: 192.168.1.2

  • DNS: 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4

初始环境配置

# 更新系统
sudo dnf update -y# 安装必要依赖
sudo dnf install -y wget curl vim net-tools firewall# 启用并启动防火墙（测试环境可以不启用防火墙）
sudo systemctl enable firewall
sudo systemctl start firewall# 配置防火墙规则
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10050/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10051/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload# 关闭SELinux（临时）
sudo setenforce 0# 关闭SELinux（永久）
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

部署 MariaDB 10.11

添加 MariaDB 官方仓库

# 创建MariaDB仓库文件
sudo vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo# 粘贴以下内容
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.11/rhel/9/x86_64/
enable=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

说明
可以将gpgcheck设为0

安装 MariaDB 服务器

# 安装MariaDB服务器和客户端
sudo dnf install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-devel# 设置MariaDB开机自启并立即启动MariaDB服务
sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb# 检查MariaDB服务状态
sudo systemctl status mariadb

安全配置 MariaDB

重要：
请按照提示设置 root 密码为 YourPwd@123!

mysql -u root -p-- 1. 修改root密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'YourPwd@123!';-- 2. 删除匿名用户（匿名用户允许无密码登录，存在安全风险）
DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE User = '';-- 3. 禁止 root 用户远程登录（仅保留本地登录）
-- 注意：若需保留特定 IP 的 root 远程访问，可修改条件（如 Host = '192.168.1.%'）
DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE User = 'root' AND Host NOT IN ('localhost', '127.0.0.1', '::1');-- 4. 删除默认的 test 数据库及访问权限
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test;
DELETE FROM mysql.db WHERE Db = 'test' OR Db = 'test_%';-- 5. 刷新权限表，使所有配置生效
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

配置 MariaDB 绑定 IP 地址

# 编辑MariaDB配置文件
sudo vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf# 在[mysqld]部分添加以下内容[mysqld]
bind-address = 192.168.1.31
max_connections = 1000
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2# 重启MariaDB服务
sudo systemctl restart mariadb# 验证配置是否生效
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep 3306

部署 Zabbix 7.0

添加 Zabbix 官方仓库

# 安装Zabbix仓库
sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/7.0/rhel/9/x86_64/zabbix-release-7.0-2.el9.noarch.rpm# 清理缓存并生成新缓存
sudo dnf clean all
sudo dnf makecache

安装 Zabbix 服务器和 Web 界面

# 安装Zabbix服务器、Web界面和Agent
sudo dnf install -y zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-nginx-conf zabbix-sql-scripts zabbix-agent

创建 Zabbix 数据库和用户

# 登录MySQLmysql -u root -pYourPwd@123!# 在MySQL命令行中执行以下命令
create database zabbix character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin;
create user zabbix@192.168.1.31 identified by 'YourPwd@123!';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON zabbix.* TO 'zabbix'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'YourPwd@123!';
set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;
quit;

导入 Zabbix 数据库架构

# 导入Zabbix数据库架构
zcat /usr/share/zabbix-sql-scripts/mysql/server.sql.gz | mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -u zabbix -pYourPwd@123! zabbix# 重新登录MySQL并禁用log_bin_trust_function_creators
mysql -u root -pYourPwd@123!
set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 0;
quit;

配置 Zabbix 表自动分区

MySQL 表分区是一种将大型表分割成更小、更易于管理的部分的技术。按天分区可以：

  • 提高查询性能：只扫描相关日期的数据
  • 简化数据管理：方便按时间范围归档或删除数据
  • 优化维护操作：可以单独对某个分区进行备份、优化等操作

安装 Perl DateTime 模块（重要前置步骤）

重要提示:
mysql_zbx_part.pl 脚本依赖 Perl 模块，如果缺少此模块，脚本将无法运行。

# 安装EPEL仓库
sudo dnf install epel-release -y
sudo dnf config-manager --enable crb# 安装perl-DateTime包
sudo dnf install perl-DateTime perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Sys-Syslog -y# 验证安装是否成功
perl -e "use DateTime; print 'DateTime模块安装成功\n';"# 如果上述方法失败，可以使用CPAN安装
# sudo dnf install perl-CPAN -y
# sudo cpan DateTime

下载分区脚本

# 创建脚本目录
sudo mkdir -p /usr/lib/zabbix/scripts
cd /usr/lib/zabbix/scripts# 方法1：直接从GitHub下载（推荐）
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OpensourceICTSolutions/zabbix-mysql-partitioning-perl/master/mysql_zbx_part.pl# 方法2：如果GitHub访问缓慢，可以使用Gitee镜像
# sudo wget https://gitee.com/mirrors/zabbix-mysql-partitioning-perl/raw/master/mysql_zbx_part.pl# 设置权限
sudo chmod 750 mysql_zbx_part.pl
sudo chown zabbix:zabbix mysql_zbx_part.pl

初始化分区表结构（重要）

重要提示:
Zabbix 默认创建的表为非分区表，必须先执行分区初始化操作，否则会出现 “Partition management on a not partitioned table is not possible” 错误。

1. 备份数据库（关键前置步骤）
# 备份zabbix数据库到文件
mysqldump -u root -pYourPwd@123! -h 192.168.1.31 zabbix > /root/zabbix_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql# 检查备份文件
ls -lh /root/zabbix_backup_*.sql
2. 手动执行分区初始化 SQL（必须要做）
mysql -u root -pYourPwd@123! -h 192.168.1.31-- ==================== Zabbix数据库表分区初始化脚本 ====================
-- 注意：执行前请先备份数据库-- mysqldump -u root -pYourPwd@123! -h 192.168.1.31 zabbix > /root/zabbix_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql
USE zabbix;-- ==================== 1. trends表（按月分区）====================ALTER TABLE trends
PARTITION BY RANGE (clock) (PARTITION p2025_11 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2025-12-01 00:00:00'))
);-- ==================== 2. trends_uint表（按月分区）====================ALTER TABLE trends_uint
PARTITION BY RANGE (clock) (PARTITION p2025_11 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2025-12-01 00:00:00'))
);-- ==================== 3. history表（按天分区）====================ALTER TABLE history
PARTITION BY RANGE (clock) (PARTITION p2025_11_16 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2025-11-17 00:00:00'))
);-- ==================== 4. history_uint表（按天分区）====================ALTER TABLE history_uint
PARTITION BY RANGE (clock) (PARTITION p2025_11_16 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2025-11-17 00:00:00'))
);-- ==================== 5. history_text表（按天分区）====================ALTER TABLE history_text
PARTITION BY RANGE (clock) (PARTITION p2025_11_16 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2025-11-17 00:00:00'))
);-- ==================== 6. history_str表（按天分区）====================ALTER TABLE history_str
PARTITION BY RANGE (clock) (PARTITION p2025_11_16 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2025-11-17 00:00:00'))
);-- ==================== 7. history_log表（按天分区）====================ALTER TABLE history_log
PARTITION BY RANGE (clock) (PARTITION p2025_11_16 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2025-11-17 00:00:00'))
);-- ==================== 8. history_bin表（按天分区，Zabbix7.0新增）====================ALTER TABLE history_bin
PARTITION BY RANGE (clock) (PARTITION p2025_11_16 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2025-11-17 00:00:00'))
);
quit;

执行完成后查看分区情况：

mysql -u root -pYourPwd@123! -e "
SELECT TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, PARTITION_METHOD
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'zabbix'
AND PARTITION_NAME IS NOT NULL;"
+--------------+----------------+------------------+
| TABLE_NAME   | PARTITION_NAME | PARTITION_METHOD |
+--------------+----------------+------------------+
| trends       | p2025_11       | RANGE            |
| trends_uint  | p2025_11       | RANGE            |
| history      | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
| history_uint | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
| history_text | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
| history_str  | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
| history_log  | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
| history_bin  | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
+--------------+----------------+------------------+
8 rows in set (0.003 sec)

配置分区脚本

# 编辑分区脚本
sudo vim /usr/lib/zabbix/scripts/mysql_zbx_part.pl
# 调整各表分区及保留期限
my $tables = {  'history' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '365'},'history_log' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '365'},'history_str' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '365'},'history_text' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '365'},'history_uint' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '365'},# 下面这张表history_bin是zabbix7.0以上版本新增的'history_bin' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '365'},'trends' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '24'},'trends_uint' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '24'},};# 第83行，将：
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $db_user_name, $db_password);
修改为：
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, 'zabbix', 'YourPwd@123!');
# 不然执行的时候会报错，提示密码问题

修改日志输出位置（这部分操作可选，做不做都行）
表分区脚本默认把日志写入到syslog，也就是/var/log/message文件，不便于观察日志，我们手动修改日志路径

在脚本开头手动定义 syslog 相关常量

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use DBI;
use DateTime;use constant {LOG_EMERG   => 0,LOG_ALERT   => 1,LOG_CRIT    => 2,LOG_ERR     => 3,LOG_WARNING => 4,LOG_NOTICE  => 5,LOG_INFO    => 6,LOG_DEBUG   => 7,
};

注释或删除 else 块中与 syslog 相关的代码，改用文件输出：

else {# 注释这两行#use Sys::Syslog qw(:standard :macros);#openlog("mysql_zbx_part", "ndelay,pid", LOG_LOCAL0);#新增这行，将日志写入/var/log/zabbix_partition.logopen(OUTPUT, ">>", "/var/log/zabbix_partition.log") or die "无法打开日志文件: $!";# edit next 5 lines if the script is run directly in your server$db_schema = 'zabbix';$dsn = 'DBI:mysql:'.$db_schema.':mysql_socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock';$db_user_name = 'zabbix';$db_password = 'password';$curr_tz = 'Etc/UTC';
}

** 修改log_writer函数**

sub log_writer {my $log_line = shift;if ($is_container) {print OUTPUT $log_line . "\n";}else {# 注释下面两行#my $log_priority = shift;#syslog($log_priority, $log_line);# 新增下面这行，确保日志输出到指定位置print OUTPUT $log_line . "\n";}

以上修改完成后，完整脚本如下：

[root@zabbix-server scripts]# cat mysql_zbx_part.pl 
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use DBI;
use DateTime;use constant {LOG_EMERG   => 0,LOG_ALERT   => 1,LOG_CRIT    => 2,LOG_ERR     => 3,LOG_WARNING => 4,LOG_NOTICE  => 5,LOG_INFO    => 6,LOG_DEBUG   => 7,
};# the Dockerfile will change the value to 1 in the container build process
my $is_container = 0;
# initializing some variables
my $db_schema;
my $db_host;
my $db_port;
my $dsn;
my $db_user_name;
my $db_password;
my $curr_tz;if ($is_container) {# check if environment variables existsif (not defined $ENV{'DB_HOST'}or not defined $ENV{'DB_PORT'}or not defined $ENV{'DB_DATABASE'}or not defined $ENV{'DB_USER'}or not defined $ENV{'DB_PASSWORD'}or not defined $ENV{'LOG_PATH'}or not defined $ENV{'TZ'}) {print "Environment variables are missing! Exiting...\n";exit 1;}# open log fileopen( OUTPUT, ">>", $ENV{'LOG_PATH'} ) or die $!;# do not manually modify the next 7 lines, they are only used when the script is run in a container$db_schema = $ENV{'DB_DATABASE'};$db_host = $ENV{'DB_HOST'};$db_port = $ENV{'DB_PORT'};$dsn = 'DBI:mysql:'.$db_schema.':host='.$db_host.';port='.$db_port;$db_user_name = $ENV{'DB_USER'};$db_password = $ENV{'DB_PASSWORD'};$curr_tz = $ENV{'TZ'};
}
else {# 注释这两行#use Sys::Syslog qw(:standard :macros);#openlog("mysql_zbx_part", "ndelay,pid", LOG_LOCAL0);#新增这行，将日志写入/var/log/zabbix_partition.logopen(OUTPUT, ">>", "/var/log/zabbix_partition.log") or die "无法打开日志文件: $!";# edit next 5 lines if the script is run directly in your server$db_schema = 'zabbix';$dsn = 'DBI:mysql:'.$db_schema.':mysql_socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock';$db_user_name = 'zabbix';$db_password = 'password';$curr_tz = 'Etc/UTC';
}my $tables = {	'history' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '60'},'history_log' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '60'},'history_str' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '60'},'history_text' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '60'},'history_uint' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '60'},
# Comment the history_bin line below if you're running Zabbix versions older than 7.0'history_bin' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '60'},'trends' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '12'},'trends_uint' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '12'},# comment next 5 lines if you partition zabbix database starting from 2.2
# they usually used for zabbix database before 2.2#		'acknowledges' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '23'},
#		'alerts' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '6'},
#		'auditlog' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '24'},
#		'events' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '12'},
#		'service_alarms' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '6'},};
my $amount_partitions = 20;# name templates for the different periods
my $partition_name_templates = { 'day' => 'p%Y_%m_%d','week' => 'p%Y_w%V','month' => 'p%Y_%m',};my $part_tables;my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, 'zabbix', 'Zhaoll@95598jx');unless ( check_have_partition() ) {print "Your installation of MySQL does not support table partitioning.\n";log_writer('Your installation of MySQL does not support table partitioning.', LOG_CRIT);exit 1;
}my $sth = $dbh->prepare(qq{SELECT table_name as table_name, partition_name as partition_name,lower(partition_method) as partition_method, rtrim(ltrim(partition_expression)) as partition_expression,partition_description as partition_description, table_rowsFROM information_schema.partitionsWHERE partition_name IS NOT NULL AND table_schema = ?});
$sth->execute($db_schema);while (my $row =  $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) {$part_tables->{$row->{'table_name'}}->{$row->{'partition_name'}} = $row;
}$sth->finish();foreach my $key (sort keys %{$tables}) {unless (defined($part_tables->{$key})) {log_writer('Partitioning for "'.$key.'" is not found! The table might be not partitioned.', LOG_ERR);next;}create_next_partition($key, $part_tables->{$key}, $tables->{$key}->{'period'});remove_old_partitions($key, $part_tables->{$key}, $tables->{$key}->{'period'}, $tables->{$key}->{'keep_history'})
}delete_old_data();$dbh->disconnect();sub check_have_partition {
# MySQL 5.5
#	#my $sth = $dbh->prepare(qq{SELECT variable_value FROM information_schema.global_variables WHERE variable_name = 'have_partitioning'});
#return 1 if $row eq 'YES';
#
# End of Mysql 5.5# MySQL 5.6 + MariaDBmy $sth = $dbh->prepare(qq{SELECT plugin_status FROM information_schema.plugins WHERE plugin_name = 'partition'});$sth->execute();my $row = $sth->fetchrow_array();$sth->finish();return 1 if $row eq 'ACTIVE';# End of MySQL 5.6 + MariaDB# MySQL 8.x (NOT MariaDB!)
#	my $sth = $dbh->prepare(qq{select version();});
#	$sth->execute();
#	my $row = $sth->fetchrow_array();#	$sth->finish();
#       return 1 if $row >= 8;
#
# End of MySQL 8.x# Do not uncomment last }	
}sub create_next_partition {my $table_name = shift;my $table_part = shift;my $period = shift;for (my $curr_part = 0; $curr_part < $amount_partitions; $curr_part++) {my $next_name = name_next_part($period, $curr_part);if (grep { $_ eq $next_name } keys %{$table_part}) {log_writer("Next partition for $table_name table has already been created. It is $next_name", LOG_INFO);}else {log_writer("Creating a partition for $table_name table ($next_name)", LOG_INFO);my $query = 'ALTER TABLE '."$db_schema.$table_name".' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION '.$next_name.' VALUES less than (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("'.date_next_part($period, $curr_part).'") div 1))';log_writer($query, LOG_DEBUG);$dbh->do($query);}}
}sub remove_old_partitions {my $table_name = shift;my $table_part = shift;my $period = shift;my $keep_history = shift;my $curr_date = DateTime->now( time_zone => $curr_tz );$curr_date->subtract($period.'s' => $keep_history);$curr_date->truncate(to => $period);foreach my $partition (sort keys %{$table_part}) {if ($table_part->{$partition}->{'partition_description'} <= $curr_date->epoch) {log_writer("Removing old $partition partition from $table_name table", LOG_INFO);my $query = "ALTER TABLE $db_schema.$table_name DROP PARTITION $partition";log_writer($query, LOG_DEBUG);$dbh->do($query);}}
}sub name_next_part {my $period = shift;my $curr_part = shift;unless (defined $partition_name_templates->{$period}) {die "unsupported partitioning period '$period'\n";}my $curr_date = DateTime->now( time_zone => $curr_tz );$curr_date->truncate( to => $period );$curr_date->add( $period.'s' => $curr_part );return $curr_date->strftime($partition_name_templates->{$period});
}sub date_next_part {my $period = shift;my $curr_part = shift;my $curr_date = DateTime->now( time_zone => $curr_tz );$curr_date->truncate( to => $period );$curr_date->add( $period.'s' => 1 + $curr_part );return $curr_date->strftime('%Y-%m-%d');
}sub delete_old_data {$dbh->do("DELETE FROM sessions WHERE lastaccess < UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW() - INTERVAL 1 MONTH)");$dbh->do("DELETE FROM housekeeper WHERE `tablename` !='events'");# Uncomment the following line for Zabbix 5.4 and earlier
#	$dbh->do("DELETE FROM auditlog_details WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM auditlog WHERE auditlog.auditid = auditlog_details.auditid)");
}sub log_writer {my $log_line = shift;if ($is_container) {print OUTPUT $log_line . "\n";}else {# 注释下面两行#my $log_priority = shift;#syslog($log_priority, $log_line);# 新增下面这行，确保日志输出到指定位置print OUTPUT $log_line . "\n";}
}

测试分区脚本

# 测试运行分区脚本（--dry-run选项仅显示操作，不实际执行）
sudo /usr/lib/zabbix/scripts/mysql_zbx_part.pl --dry-run# 如果没有错误，执行实际分区
sudo /usr/lib/zabbix/scripts/mysql_zbx_part.pl# 检查日志
journalctl -t mysql_zbx_part

验证分区是否创建成功

mysql -u root -pYourPwd@123! -e "
SELECT TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, PARTITION_METHOD
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'zabbix'
AND PARTITION_NAME IS NOT NULL;"
+--------------+----------------+------------------+
| TABLE_NAME   | PARTITION_NAME | PARTITION_METHOD |
+--------------+----------------+------------------+
| history_text | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
| history_text | p2025_11_17    | RANGE            |
| history_text | p2025_11_18    | RANGE            |
| history_text | p2025_11_19    | RANGE            |
| history_text | p2025_11_20    | RANGE            |
| history_text | p2025_11_21    | RANGE            |
| history_text | p2025_11_22    | RANGE            |
| history_text | p2025_11_23    | RANGE            |
| history_text | p2025_11_24    | RANGE            |
| history_text | p2025_11_25    | RANGE            |
| history_bin  | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
| history_bin  | p2025_11_17    | RANGE            |
| history_bin  | p2025_11_18    | RANGE            |
| history_bin  | p2025_11_19    | RANGE            |
| history_bin  | p2025_11_20    | RANGE            |
| history_bin  | p2025_11_21    | RANGE            |
| history_bin  | p2025_11_22    | RANGE            |
| history_bin  | p2025_11_23    | RANGE            |
| history_bin  | p2025_11_24    | RANGE            |
| history_bin  | p2025_11_25    | RANGE            |
| history_log  | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
| history_log  | p2025_11_17    | RANGE            |
| history_log  | p2025_11_18    | RANGE            |
| history_log  | p2025_11_19    | RANGE            |
| history_log  | p2025_11_20    | RANGE            |
| history_log  | p2025_11_21    | RANGE            |
| history_log  | p2025_11_22    | RANGE            |
| history_log  | p2025_11_23    | RANGE            |
| history_log  | p2025_11_24    | RANGE            |
| history_log  | p2025_11_25    | RANGE            |
| history_str  | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
| history_str  | p2025_11_17    | RANGE            |
| history_str  | p2025_11_18    | RANGE            |
| history_str  | p2025_11_19    | RANGE            |
| history_str  | p2025_11_20    | RANGE            |
| history_str  | p2025_11_21    | RANGE            |
| history_str  | p2025_11_22    | RANGE            |
| history_str  | p2025_11_23    | RANGE            |
| history_str  | p2025_11_24    | RANGE            |
| history_str  | p2025_11_25    | RANGE            |
| history      | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
| history      | p2025_11_17    | RANGE            |
| history      | p2025_11_18    | RANGE            |
| history      | p2025_11_19    | RANGE            |
| history      | p2025_11_20    | RANGE            |
| history      | p2025_11_21    | RANGE            |
| history      | p2025_11_22    | RANGE            |
| history      | p2025_11_23    | RANGE            |
| history      | p2025_11_24    | RANGE            |
| history      | p2025_11_25    | RANGE            |
| history_uint | p2025_11_16    | RANGE            |
| history_uint | p2025_11_17    | RANGE            |
| history_uint | p2025_11_18    | RANGE            |
| history_uint | p2025_11_19    | RANGE            |
| history_uint | p2025_11_20    | RANGE            |
| history_uint | p2025_11_21    | RANGE            |
| history_uint | p2025_11_22    | RANGE            |
| history_uint | p2025_11_23    | RANGE            |
| history_uint | p2025_11_24    | RANGE            |
| history_uint | p2025_11_25    | RANGE            |
| trends       | p2025_11       | RANGE            |
| trends       | p2025_12       | RANGE            |
| trends       | p2026_01       | RANGE            |
| trends       | p2026_02       | RANGE            |
| trends       | p2026_03       | RANGE            |
| trends       | p2026_04       | RANGE            |
| trends       | p2026_05       | RANGE            |
| trends       | p2026_06       | RANGE            |
| trends       | p2026_07       | RANGE            |
| trends       | p2026_08       | RANGE            |
| trends_uint  | p2025_11       | RANGE            |
| trends_uint  | p2025_12       | RANGE            |
| trends_uint  | p2026_01       | RANGE            |
| trends_uint  | p2026_02       | RANGE            |
| trends_uint  | p2026_03       | RANGE            |
| trends_uint  | p2026_04       | RANGE            |
| trends_uint  | p2026_05       | RANGE            |
| trends_uint  | p2026_06       | RANGE            |
| trends_uint  | p2026_07       | RANGE            |
| trends_uint  | p2026_08       | RANGE            |
+--------------+----------------+------------------+
80 rows in set (0.003 sec)MariaDB [zabbix]>

等配置完agent后，可以查看数据是否正常写入分区：

[root@zabbix-server ~]# mysql -u root -pYourPwd@123! zabbix -e "SELECT  PARTITION_NAME, TABLE_ROWSFROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'zabbix'AND TABLE_NAME = 'history';" 
+----------------+------------+
| PARTITION_NAME | TABLE_ROWS |
+----------------+------------+
| p2025_11_16    |       4735 |
| p2025_11_17    |          0 |
| p2025_11_18    |          0 |
| p2025_11_19    |          0 |
| p2025_11_20    |          0 |
| p2025_11_21    |          0 |
| p2025_11_22    |          0 |
| p2025_11_23    |          0 |
| p2025_11_24    |          0 |
| p2025_11_25    |          0 |
+----------------+------------+

配置定时任务

# 添加crontab任务
sudo crontab -e# 添加以下内容（每天23:55执行分区脚本）
55 23 * * * /usr/lib/zabbix/scripts/mysql_zbx_part.pl# 创建日志文件
sudo touch /var/log/zabbix_partition.log
sudo chown zabbix:zabbix /var/log/zabbix_partition.log# 配置logrotate
sudo vim /etc/logrotate.d/zabbix-partition# 添加以下内容
/var/log/zabbix_partition.log {dailyrotate 30compressdelaycompressmissingoknotifemptycreate 640 zabbix zabbix
}

配置 Zabbix 服务器

# 编辑Zabbix服务器配置文件
sudo vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf# 修改以下配置项DBHost=192.168.1.31
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=YourPwd@123!
DBPort=3306# 性能优化参数StartPollers=5
StartPingers=5
StartDiscoverers=5
CacheSize=256M
HistoryCacheSize=128M
TrendCacheSize=64M
HistoryTextCacheSize=16M
ValueCacheSize=128M

配置 Zabbix Web 界面

# 编辑Nginx配置文件
sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/zabbix.conf# 修改server_name为你的服务器IP
server_name 192.168.1.31;# 编辑PHP配置文件
sudo vim /etc/php-fpm.d/zabbix.conf# 修改时区设置
php_value[date.timezone] = Asia/Shanghai# 重启所有相关服务
sudo systemctl restart zabbix-server zabbix-agent nginx php-fpm# 设置开机自启
sudo systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent nginx php-fpm

访问 Zabbix Web 界面

  • 访问地址: http://192.168.1.31/

  • 默认用户名: Admin

  • 默认密码: zabbix

成功提示：
首次登录后请立即修改默认密码，确保系统安全。

配置 Zabbix Agent

安装 Zabbix Agent

# 在需要监控的服务器上安装Zabbix Agent
sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/7.0/rhel/9/x86_64/zabbix-release-7.0-2.el9.noarch.rpm
sudo dnf clean all
sudo dnf makecache
sudo dnf install -y zabbix-agent

配置 Zabbix Agent

# 编辑Zabbix Agent配置文件
sudo vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf# 修改以下配置项
Server=192.168.1.31 #Zabbix服务器端的IP
ServerActive=192.168.1.31 #Zabbix服务器端的IP
Hostname=Zabbix server #希望显示在zabbix页面上的名称，一定要跟页面上添加主机时配置成一样的名称# 启动Zabbix Agent服务
sudo systemctl start zabbix-agent
sudo systemctl enable zabbix-agent# 检查服务状态
sudo systemctl status zabbix-agent# 配置防火墙
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10050/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Agent启动后，需要在页面上创建主机，一定要选择模板，不然“可用性”会一直是灰色，处于“未知”状态。

常见问题与解决方案

Perl DateTime 模块缺失

错误信息: Can’t locate DateTime.pm in @INC

# 解决方案
sudo dnf install epel-release -y
sudo dnf config-manager --enable crb
sudo dnf install perl-DateTime -y# 验证安装
perl -e "use DateTime; print 'DateTime模块安装成功\n';"

数据库连接失败

错误信息: Host ‘192.168.1.31’ is not allowed to connect to this MariaDB server

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON zabbix.* TO 'zabbix'@'192.168.1.31' IDENTIFIED BY 'YourPwd@123!';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

分区管理错误

错误信息: Partition management on a not partitioned table is not possible

解决方案: 请先执行本教程中的 “初始化分区表结构” 步骤，手动为所有表创建初始分区。

Zabbix 服务启动失败

# 查看Zabbix Server日志
sudo journalctl -u zabbix-server -f# 检查数据库连接
mysql -u zabbix -pYourPwd@123! -h 192.168.1.31 zabbix# 检查配置文件语法
sudo zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf -t

验证部署结果

检查服务状态

# 检查MariaDB服务状态
sudo systemctl status mariadb# 检查Zabbix Server服务状态
sudo systemctl status zabbix-server# 检查Zabbix Agent服务状态
sudo systemctl status zabbix-agent# 检查Nginx服务状态
sudo systemctl status nginx

检查端口监听

# 检查MySQL端口
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep 3306# 检查Zabbix Server端口
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep 10051# 检查Zabbix Agent端口
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep 10050# 检查HTTP端口
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep 80

验证分区是否创建成功

-- 查看所有表的分区情况
SELECT TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, PARTITION_METHOD
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'zabbix'
AND PARTITION_NAME IS NOT NULL;-- 查看特定表的分区详情（以trends表为例）
SELECT partition_name, partition_description
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = 'zabbix' AND table_name = 'trends';

性能优化建议

数据库优化:

  • 根据实际监控数据量调整 InnoDB 缓存大小

  • 定期分析和优化慢查询

  • 监控数据库连接数和线程状态

 [mysqld]# InnoDB 缓存配置innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2Ginnodb_log_file_size = 256Minnodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT# 连接数配置max_connections = 1000max_connect_errors = 10000# 查询优化query_cache_size = 0query_cache_type = 0join_buffer_size = 2Msort_buffer_size = 2M# 日志配置slow_query_log = 1slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.loglong_query_time = 2

Zabbix 优化:

  • 根据监控设备数量调整 Pollers 数量

  • 合理设置监控项的更新间隔

  • 使用 Zabbix Proxy 分散监控压力

 # 性能优化参数StartPollers=20StartPingers=10StartDiscoverers=5StartHTTPPollers=5StartVMwareCollectors=2# 缓存配置CacheSize=512MHistoryCacheSize=256MTrendCacheSize=128MValueCacheSize=256M# 历史数据保留HistoryStorageURL=http://localhost:10051HistoryStorageTypes=uint,dbl,str,log,text# 超时配置Timeout=30UnreachablePeriod=15UnavailableDelay=60UnreachableDelay=15

系统优化:

  • 配置合适的内核参数

  • 优化文件系统性能

  • 设置合理的 swap 策略

 # /etc/sysctl.d/zabbix.confnet.core.somaxconn = 65535net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 5000net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800# 文件描述符限制fs.file-max = 65535# 应用配置sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/zabbix.conf# 文件描述符限制配置echo "* soft nofile 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.confecho "* hard nofile 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

参考资料

  • Zabbix 官方文档: https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/

  • MariaDB 官方文档: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/

  • AlmaLinux 官方文档: https://wiki.almalinux.org/

  • Zabbix 表分区脚本: https://github.com/OpensourceICTSolutions/zabbix-mysql-partitioning-perl

免责声明:
本教程仅供学习和参考使用，请在生产环境中谨慎操作。建议在执行任何操作前先进行充分的测试和备份。

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