【11408学习记录】考研英语长难句通关：2018真题精析，每日一句攻克阅读难点！​

英语

每日一句

Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.(2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

词汇

fundamentally: adv. 根本地，从根本上；基础地
fundamental:

• adj. 基本的，根本的
• n. 基本原理，基本原则

squeeze: v. 挤压，榨取；拮据，短缺
bread-and-butter product: 拳头产品，基本产品，主要产品
regulatory: 监管的，管理的；调节的
regulate: v. 管理，规定，控制；调节，校准
regulation: n. 管理，规则；调节，校准
deny sb. sth. 拒绝某人某事
flexibility: n. 灵活性，机动性；弹性，柔韧性
flexible: adj. 灵活的；柔韧的，易弯曲的
adjust …… to …… : 调整 …… 以适应 ……

第一步：找谓语

Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.

第二步：断句

原句中存在3处谓语，包含3件事，其谓语分别位于以下位置：

• is 为主句谓语
• has decreased 为 that 引导的定语从句谓语
• denies 为 that 引导的定语从句谓语

按照标点、引导词以及谓语，可以将原句断开为以下分句：

• Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change , and a regulatory structure—— 主句
• that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail —— 定语从句
• that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality. —— 定语从句

第三步：简化

主句

Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change , and a regulatory structure

• 副词：fundamentally 修饰主句
• 主句主语部分：the USPS
• 主句谓语部分：is 为系动词，后接表语
• 主句表语部分：in a historic squeeze between technological change , and a regulatory structure
  • 不定冠词：a 与形容词：historic 修饰名词：squeeze
  • 名词：squeeze 与介词：in 构成介宾短语，作为系动词：is 的表语
  • 介词短语：between technological change , and a regulatory structure 为后置定语，修饰名词：squeeze，表示其具体的范围

去掉主句扩展部分，就得到了主句核心：

• …… USPS is in …… squeeze …… —— …… USPS 是在……挤压中

定语从句

that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail

• 从句引导词：that 引导定语从句，修饰名词：change
  • 引导词在从句中作主语
• 从句谓语部分：has permanently decreased
  • 副词：permanently 修饰动词：has decreased
  • 动词：has decreased 为及物动词的现在完成时态，后接宾语
• 从句宾语部分：demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail
  • 名词：demand 为动词：has decreased 的宾语核心词
  • 介词短语：for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail 为后置定语，修饰名词：demand
  • 同位语：first-class mail 为名词短语 bread-and-butter product 的同位语，进一步对其解释说明

去掉从句的扩展部分，就得到了从句核心：

• that has …… decreased demand …… —— 改变已经……减少了需求……

定语从句

that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.

• 从句引导词：that 引导定语从句，修饰名词：structure
  • 引导词在从句中作主语
• 从句谓语部分：denies 为及物动词，后接双宾语
• 从句宾语部分：management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.
  • 名词：management 为动词：denies 的间接宾语
  • 名词：the flexibility 为动词：denies 的直接宾语
  • 非谓语动词词组：to adjust its operations to the new reality. 为后置定语，修饰名词：flexibility 表示限定
    • 限定词：its 修饰名词：operations
    • 名词：operations 为非谓语动词：to adjust 的宾语
    • 介词短语：to the new reality 为目的状语，修饰动词：adjust 表示动作发生的目的

去掉从句扩展部分，就得到了从句核心：

• that denies management …… flexibility …… —— 结构拒绝管理 …… 灵活性……