SpringBoot＋alibaba的easyexcel实现前端使用excel表格批量插入

1.配置pom.xml

<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId><version>3.1.3</version></dependency>

2.导出功能

2.1model

package org.example.model;import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelIgnore;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.write.style.ColumnWidth;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableField;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;@Component(value = "user")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@TableName("users")
public class User {@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)@ExcelIgnoreprivate Long id;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户编号")@ColumnWidth(20)private String account;@ExcelIgnoreprivate String password;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户姓名")@ColumnWidth(20)private String name;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户性别")@ColumnWidth(20)private String gender;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户手机号")@ColumnWidth(20)private String phone;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户身份证号")@ColumnWidth(20)private String idCard;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户单位编号")@ColumnWidth(20)private Long unitId;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户角色编号")@ColumnWidth(20)private Long roleId;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户地址")@ColumnWidth(20)private String address;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户健康码")@ColumnWidth(20)private String healthCode;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户紧急联系人") //表格的行@ColumnWidth(20)private String emergencyContact;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户紧急联系人手机号")@ColumnWidth(20)private String emergencyPhone;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户状态")@ColumnWidth(20)private String status;@ExcelIgnore //忽略@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8")private Date createTime;@ExcelIgnore@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8")private Date updateTime;@ExcelIgnore@TableField(exist = false)private String roleName;@ExcelIgnore@TableField(exist = false)private String unitName;@ExcelIgnore @TableField(exist = false)private  Integer pageNo;//当前页码@TableField(exist = false)List<User> users;@ExcelIgnore@TableField(exist = false)private  Integer pageSize;//每页显示的数量
}

2.2Controller

@Api(tags = "Excel导出管理")
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/adminApi/export")
public class ExcelController {// 注入用户Service（用于从数据库查询数据）@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;  // 假设已存在UserService及其实现类@GetMapping("/user")@ApiOperation(value = "导出用户列表", notes = "从数据库读取用户数据并导出为Excel", httpMethod = "GET")public void exportUserExcel(HttpServletResponse response,@RequestHeader("adminToken") String adminToken) {  // 移除前端传入的userListtry {// 1. 鉴权：验证Token并获取当前用户（确保Token有效）User currentUser = JWTUtil.getUser(adminToken);currentUser  = userService.selectUserById(currentUser.getId());if (currentUser == null) {throw new RuntimeException("鉴权失败，请重新登录");}// 2. 从数据库查询全量用户数据（避免前端分页数据不全，建议根据实际需求加筛选条件）List<User> userList = userService.findUserList(new User(), currentUser).getRecords();  // 改用数据库查询，而非前端传入// 3. 设置响应头，告诉浏览器返回Excel文件response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");String fileName = URLEncoder.encode("用户列表_" + System.currentTimeMillis(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=UTF-8''" + fileName + ".xlsx");// 4. 写入Excel流并返回前端EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), User.class)// 设置Excel表头.head(User.class)// 设置Excel文件类型.excelType(ExcelTypeEnum.XLSX)// 设置Excel工作簿.sheet("用户列表")// 写入数据.doWrite(userList);} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException("导出Excel失败：" + e.getMessage(), e);// 统一异常处理：避免控制台打印堆栈，返回明确错误信息} catch (Exception e) {// 统一异常处理：避免控制台打印堆栈，返回明确错误信息throw new RuntimeException("导出失败：" + e.getMessage(), e);}}}

2.3前端触发和接收

   exportUsers() {this.$http.get('/adminApi/export/user',{responseType: 'blob', // 关键：告诉浏览器接收二进制文件流}).then(response => {console.log('response.data', response.data);const fileName = `用户列表${new Date().getTime()}.xlsx`this.downloadExcelFile(response.data, fileName);this.$message.success('导出成功');// TODO: 实现文件下载}).catch(error => {console.error('导出用户失败:', error);});},downloadExcelFile(blobData, filename) {console.log('downloadExcelFile', blobData, filename);// 因为blobData已经是Blob，直接使用const url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blobData);const link = document.createElement('a');link.href = url;link.download = filename;document.body.appendChild(link);link.click();document.body.removeChild(link);window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);},

3.excel导入数据库

3.1流程

1. 前端给用户发送添加的模板
2. 用户根据模板填写数据
3. 填写好数据传到后端
4. 后端接受处理成模型列表类
5. 批量插入数据库

3.2以插入User类为例

3.2.1前端模板下载

html代码

<el-dialog :title="'批量导入用户'" :visible.sync="importDialogVisible" width="500px"><div class="import-container"><el-uploadclass="upload-excel":action="''":on-change="handleFileChange":before-upload="beforeUpload":auto-upload="false"accept=".xlsx,.xls"drag><i class="el-icon-upload"></i><div class="el-upload__text">将文件拖到此处，或<em>点击上传</em></div><div class="el-upload__tip" slot="tip"><div>仅支持 .xlsx、.xls 格式文件</div><div style="margin-top: 10px;"><el-button size="small" type="text" @click="downloadTemplate">下载模板</el-button></div></div></el-upload><div v-if="uploadFile" class="file-info"><el-tag>{{ uploadFile.name }}</el-tag></div></div><div slot="footer" class="dialog-footer"><el-button @click="importDialogVisible = false">取消</el-button><el-button type="primary" @click="importUsers" :loading="importLoading">确认导入</el-button></div></el-dialog>

js数据

importDialogVisible: false,
uploadFile: null,
importLoading: false,

js显示对话框

showImportDialog() {this.importDialogVisible = true;this.uploadFile = null;},

处理文件选择

handleFileChange(file, fileList) {this.uploadFile = file.raw;}

js下载模板

downloadTemplate() {// 创建模板数据，严格按照userForm格式const templateData = [// 字段名行['id', '用户姓名', '用户身份证号', '用户性别', '用户手机号', '用户状态', '用户状态', '用户角色编号'],// 说明行['用户ID(自动生成，留空)', '姓名(必填)', '身份证号(必填)', '性别(男/女，必填)', '手机号', '状态(ACTIVE/INACTIVE，必填)', '单位ID(必填)', '角色ID(必填)'],// 示例数据['', '张三', '110101199001011234', '男', '13800138000', 'ACTIVE', '1', '1'],['', '李四', '110101199102022345', '女', '13900139000', 'ACTIVE', '2', '2']];// 创建Excel文件const ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(templateData);const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new();XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, '用户数据');// 生成Excel文件的二进制数据const excelBuffer = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: 'xlsx', type: 'array' });const blob = new Blob([excelBuffer], { type: 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet' });const fileName = '用户导入模板.xlsx';this.downloadExcelFile(blob, fileName);}

注意：如果模板第二行是说明行，后端处理一定要注意从第三行开始或者过滤说明行，还要指定第一行是表头

3.2.2前端上传文件检验

beforeUpload(file) {const fileName = file.name.toLowerCase();const isExcel = fileName.endsWith('.xlsx') || fileName.endsWith('.xls') ||fileName.endsWith('.csv');const isLt2M = file.size / 1024 / 1024 < 2;if (!isExcel) {this.$message.error('只支持.xlsx、.xls和.csv格式的文件');return false;}if (!isLt2M) {this.$message.error('上传文件大小不能超过2MB');return false;}return true;}

3.3.3向后端传入excel文件

importUsers() {if (!this.uploadFile) {this.$message.warning('请选择要导入的文件');return;}// 前端验证文件类型const fileName = this.uploadFile.name;const isExcel = fileName.endsWith('.xlsx') || fileName.endsWith('.xls') || fileName.endsWith('.csv');if (!isExcel) {this.$message.error('请上传Excel或CSV文件');return;}this.importLoading = true;const formData = new FormData();// 确保文件键名与后端接收的一致formData.append('file', this.uploadFile);console.log('文件大小:', this.uploadFile ? this.uploadFile.size : 'null');console.log('表单数据中文件:', formData.has('file'));// 重要：删除手动设置的Content-Type，让axios自动设置multipart/form-data头及其boundarythis.$http.post('/adminApi/user/import', formData, {headers: {// 不设置Content-Type，让axios自动处理}}).then(response => {if (response.data.code === 200) {// 避免使用可选链操作符，使用传统条件检查const successCount = response.data.data && response.data.data.successCount ? response.data.data.successCount : 0;this.$message.success('导入成功，成功导入' + successCount + '条记录');if (response.data.data && response.data.data.errorCount > 0) {this.$message.warning('后端代码'+response.data.code+'有' + response.data.data.errorCount + '条记录导入失败，请查看错误详情');}this.importDialogVisible = false;this.loadUsers();} else {this.$message.error('导入失败：' + response.data.message || '未知错误');}}).catch(error => {console.error('导入用户失败:', error);this.$message.error('导入失败，请检查文件格式是否符合模板要求');}).finally(() => {this.importLoading = false;});}

前端效果图

模板列表

3.3.4后端User模型

@Component(value = "user")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@TableName("users")
public class User {@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)@ExcelIgnore // 忽略，不读取private Long id;@ExcelIgnore // 忽略，不读取private String account;@ExcelIgnore // 忽略，不读取private String password;// 第1列：用户姓名（index=1）@ExcelProperty(value = "用户姓名", index = 1)@ColumnWidth(20)private String name;// 第3列：用户性别（index=3）@ExcelProperty(value = "用户性别", index = 3)@ColumnWidth(20)private String gender;// 第4列：用户手机号（index=4）@ExcelProperty(value = "用户手机号", index = 4)@ColumnWidth(20)private String phone;// 第2列：用户身份证号（index=2）@ExcelProperty(value = "用户身份证号", index = 2)@ColumnWidth(20)private String idCard;// 第6列：用户单位编号（index=6）@ExcelProperty(value = "用户单位编号", index = 6, converter = LongNullConverter.class)@ColumnWidth(20)private Long unitId;// 第7列：用户角色编号（index=7）@ExcelProperty(value = "用户角色编号", index = 7, converter = LongNullConverter.class)@ColumnWidth(20)private Long roleId;// 若Excel中没有“用户地址”列，需删除该注解或标记@ExcelIgnore@ExcelProperty(value = "用户地址", index = 8) // 假设在第8列，根据实际调整@ColumnWidth(20)private String address;// 同理，其他非必要字段（健康码、紧急联系人等）若Excel中没有，需删除注解或指定正确index@ExcelProperty(value = "用户健康码", index = 9) // 按实际列位置调整@ColumnWidth(20)private String healthCode;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户紧急联系人", index = 10)@ColumnWidth(20)private String emergencyContact;@ExcelProperty(value = "用户紧急联系人手机号", index = 11)@ColumnWidth(20)private String emergencyPhone;// 第5列：用户状态（index=5）@ExcelProperty(value = "用户状态", index = 5)@ColumnWidth(20)private String status;// 以下为忽略字段，无需修改@ExcelIgnore@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8")private Date createTime;@ExcelIgnore@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8")private Date updateTime;@ExcelIgnore // 非Excel导入字段，忽略@TableField(exist = false)private String roleName;@ExcelIgnore // 非Excel导入字段，忽略@TableField(exist = false)private String unitName;@ExcelIgnore@TableField(exist = false)private Integer pageNo;@ExcelIgnore@TableField(exist = false)List<User> users;@ExcelIgnore@TableField(exist = false)private Integer pageSize;
}

3.3.4controller层接收文件

这里我们默认使用mybatis-plus，并且已经创建了UserMapper持久层，如果没有配置可以转移作者的mybatis-plus笔记进行配置学习

@PostMapping("/import")@ApiOperation(value = "批量导入用户", notes = "从Excel文件批量导入用户数据", httpMethod = "POST")public Result<Map<String, Object>> importUsers(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file,@RequestHeader("adminToken") String adminToken) {//如果没有token可以不需要验证currentUser，那么也不需要继续串currentUser参数User currentUser = JWTUtil.getUser(adminToken);currentUser = userService.selectUserById(currentUser.getId());System.out.println("当前用户角色" + currentUser.getRoleName());try {// 调用Service层进行用户导入Map<String, Object> result = userService.importUsers(file, currentUser);return new Result<>(200, "导入成功", result);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return new Result<>(500, "导入失败: " + e.getMessage(), null);}}

3.3.5service层

Map<String, Object> importUsers(MultipartFile file, User currentUser) throws  Exception;

3.3.6seviceImpl层

其实传入数据库方法有很多，可以参考关于Easyexcel | Easy Excel 官网我只使用其中一种

@Override@Transactionalpublic Map<String, Object> importUsers(MultipartFile file, User currentUser) throws Exception {System.out.println("开始导入用户数据");// 权限验证if (!hasPermission(currentUser, "IMPORT_USER")) {throw new Exception("无权限导入用户");}// 验证文件if (file == null || file.isEmpty()) {throw new Exception("请选择要导入的文件");}// 检查文件类型String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();if (fileName == null || (!fileName.endsWith(".xlsx") && !fileName.endsWith(".xls") && !fileName.endsWith(".csv"))) {throw new Exception("只支持.xlsx、.xls和.csv格式的文件");}// 用于统计导入结果final int[] successCount = {0};final int[] errorCount = {0};final List<String> errorMessages = new ArrayList<>();System.out.println("文件内容："+file.toString());// 使用EasyExcel读取Excel文件，传入文件流并显式指定excelTypeEasyExcel.read(file.getInputStream(), User.class, new ReadListener<User>() {private static final int BATCH_COUNT = 100; // 每批处理数量private List<User> batchList = ListUtils.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(BATCH_COUNT);// 处理一行数据@Overridepublic void invoke(User user, AnalysisContext context) {int headRowNumber = 2;int rowNum = context.readRowHolder().getRowIndex() + headRowNumber;System.out.println(user.toString());// 关键：过滤第2行的“表头说明”（根据name字段特征判断）if ("姓名(必填)".equals(user.getName()) || "用户ID(自动生成，留空)".equals(user.getId())) {System.out.println("跳过表头说明行：第" + rowNum + "行");return; // 直接返回，不加入batchList}try {// 验证必填字段if (StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getName())) {throw new Exception("第" + rowNum + "行：用户姓名不能为空");}if (StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getIdCard())) {throw new Exception("第" + rowNum + "行：身份证号不能为空");}if (StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getAccount())) {user.setAccount(user.getIdCard()); // 如果没有提供账号，使用身份证号作为账号}// 校验unitId和roleId（必填）if (user.getUnitId() == null) {throw new Exception("第" + rowNum + "行：单位ID不能为空或格式错误");}if (user.getRoleId() == null) {throw new Exception("第" + rowNum + "行：角色ID不能为空或格式错误");}// 检查账号是否已存在QueryWrapper<User> queryWrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();queryWrapper.eq("account", user.getAccount());User existUser = userMapper.selectOne(queryWrapper);if (existUser != null) {throw new Exception("第" + rowNum + "行：账号" + user.getAccount() + "已存在");}// 检查身份证号是否已存在queryWrapper.clear();queryWrapper.eq("id_card", user.getIdCard());existUser = userMapper.selectOne(queryWrapper);if (existUser != null) {throw new Exception("第" + rowNum + "行：身份证号" + user.getIdCard() + "已存在");}// 设置默认值if (StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getPassword())) {user.setPassword(generateDefaultPassword(user.getIdCard()));}if (StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getStatus())) {user.setStatus("ACTIVE");}// 设置创建时间和更新时间user.setCreateTime(new Date());user.setUpdateTime(new Date());// 添加到批次列表batchList.add(user);System.out.println("添加用户：" + user.toString());successCount[0]++;// 达到BATCH_COUNT，需要存储一次数据库，防止数据几万条数据内存溢出if (batchList.size() >= BATCH_COUNT) {System.out.println("开始存储数据");saveData();batchList = ListUtils.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(BATCH_COUNT);}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();errorCount[0]++;errorMessages.add(e.getMessage());}}@Overridepublic void doAfterAllAnalysed(AnalysisContext context) {System.out.println("所有数据解析完成");// 确保最后一批数据也被处理saveData();}private void saveData() {System.out.println("开始存储数据");if (!batchList.isEmpty()) {// 批量插入数据库for (User user : batchList) {System.out.println("保存数据：" + user.toString());userMapper.insert(user);}// 清空列表batchList.clear();}}//headRowNumber表示从第几行开始读取数据}).headRowNumber(1).sheet().doRead();// 构建返回结果Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();result.put("successCount", successCount[0]);result.put("errorCount", errorCount[0]);result.put("errorMessages", errorMessages);return result;}

OK，到此实现完毕我们运行一下上传

可以让ai生成10条模拟数据上传

开始上传

导入成功！！

3.3.7有些需要进行将前端的excel数据专函为long，那我们可以创建数据转换类

/*** 支持Long类型与Excel单元格（文本/数字）的转换，兼容空值和非数字场景*/
public class LongNullConverter implements Converter<Long> {@Overridepublic Class<Long> supportJavaTypeKey() {return Long.class; // 支持Long类型}@Overridepublic CellDataTypeEnum supportExcelTypeKey() {// 同时支持字符串和数字类型的单元格return CellDataTypeEnum.STRING;}// 读取Excel数据转为Long（核心修改）@Overridepublic Long convertToJavaData(ReadCellData<?> cellData, ExcelContentProperty contentProperty, GlobalConfiguration globalConfiguration) {String value = null;System.out.println("处理字段：" + contentProperty.getField().getName() + "，单元格类型：" + cellData.getType());// 1. 读取数字或文本值if (cellData.getNumberValue() != null) {// 数字类型转为字符串（处理4.0这类情况）value = cellData.getNumberValue().toPlainString();System.out.println("数字值转换为字符串：" + value);} else {String rawValue = cellData.getStringValue();value = rawValue == null ? null : rawValue.trim();System.out.println("文本值：" + value);}// 2. 处理空值或无效值if (value == null || value.isEmpty()) {System.out.println("值为空，返回null");return null;}// 3. 兼容带.0的情况（如4.0 → 4）if (value.matches("\\d+\\.0+")) {value = value.split("\\.")[0]; // 截取小数点前的整数部分System.out.println("处理后的值（去除.0）：" + value);}// 4. 校验是否为纯整数if (!value.matches("\\d+")) {System.out.println("非有效整数，返回null：" + value);return null;}// 5. 转换为Longtry {Long result = Long.parseLong(value);System.out.println("转换成功，结果：" + result);return result;} catch (NumberFormatException e) {System.out.println("数字超出Long范围，返回null：" + e.getMessage());return null;}}// 写入Excel时的转换（导入场景可忽略，保持原样）@Overridepublic WriteCellData<?> convertToExcelData(Long value, ExcelContentProperty contentProperty, GlobalConfiguration globalConfiguration) {return new WriteCellData<>(value == null ? "" : value.toString());}
}