Python操作word实战

Python操作word实战

一、三方库

python-docx

官网：https://www.osgeo.cn/python-docx/

作用：生成word文档

pip install python-docx

docxtpl

官网：https://docxtpl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#

git：https://github.com/elapouya/python-docx-template/tree/master/tests

作用：根据word模板生成一份新的word，git test下有很多例子

pip install docxtpl

二.docxtpl的使用

1.替换文字

from docxtpl import DocxTemplate# 模板文档
doc = DocxTemplate("D:\Desktop\测试报告.docx")
# 待替换对象
context = {"报告名称": "数据查询机二期V1.0.0测试报告",
}
# 执行替换
doc.render(context)
# 保存新的文档
doc.save("test.docx")

2.操作表格

• 语法与django类似
• {% cellbg a.bg %} 更改单元格背景色
  

from datetime import datetimefrom docxtpl import DocxTemplate, RichText# 模板文档
doc = DocxTemplate("D:\Desktop\测试报告.docx")
# 待替换对象
# TODO RichText：可以设置一些样式：color（字体颜色）、bold（是否加粗）
context = {'alerts': [{'name': '张三','comment': '初始创建','date': datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),'version': RichText('V1.0', color='FF0000', bold=True),'audit': '李四/{}'.format(datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')),'bg': 'FF0000'},{'name': '李四','comment': '修改报告','date': datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),'version': RichText('V1.0', color='FF0000'),'audit': '李四/{}'.format(datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')),'bg': 'FF0000'},],
}
# 执行替换
doc.render(context)
# 保存新的文档
doc.save("test.docx")

3.插入图片

from datetime import datetime
from docx.shared import Mm
from docxtpl import DocxTemplate, RichText, InlineImage# 模板文档
doc = DocxTemplate("D:\Desktop\测试报告.docx")
# 要插入的图片1路径
image1_path = "img.png"
# 要插入的图片2路径
image2_path = "img_1.png"
# 创建2张图片对象
insert_image1 = InlineImage(doc, image1_path, width=Mm(140), height=Mm(50))
insert_image2 = InlineImage(doc, image2_path, width=Mm(140), height=Mm(50))
# 待替换对象
context = {"img1": insert_image1,"img2": insert_image2,
}
# 执行替换
doc.render(context)
# 保存新的文档
doc.save("test.docx")

4.完整代码

from datetime import datetime
from docx.shared import Mm
from docxtpl import DocxTemplate, RichText, InlineImage# 模板文档
doc = DocxTemplate("D:\Desktop\测试报告.docx")
# 要插入的图片1路径
image1_path = "img.png"
# 要插入的图片2路径
image2_path = "img_1.png"
# 创建2张图片对象
insert_image1 = InlineImage(doc, image1_path, width=Mm(140), height=Mm(50))
insert_image2 = InlineImage(doc, image2_path, width=Mm(140), height=Mm(50))
# 待替换对象
# TODO RichText：可以设置一些样式：color（字体颜色）、bold（是否加粗）
context = {"报告名称": "数据查询机二期V1.0.0测试报告","报告时间": datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),"img1": insert_image1,"img2": insert_image2,'alerts': [{'name': '张三','comment': '初始创建','date': datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),'version': RichText('V1.0', color='FF0000', bold=True),'audit': '李四/{}'.format(datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')),'bg': 'FF0000'},{'name': '李四','comment': '修改报告','date': datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),'version': RichText('V1.0', color='FF0000'),'audit': '李四/{}'.format(datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')),'bg': 'FF0000'},],
}
# 执行替换
doc.render(context)
# 保存新的文档
doc.save("test.docx")

三.python-docx的使用

这个工具一般用法可以看官方文档，我这里主要说一下，根据已有的模板生成新的word文档

1.模板文件

需求：根据第三个表批量生成数据

from docx import Document
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.shared import Pt
from copy import deepcopyclass OperationDocx:def __init__(self, template_file):self.template_file = template_fileself.document = Document(self.template_file)# 获取模块里第三个表格self.table = self.document.tables[2]def generate_word(self, word_path):# TODO 用例等级、负责人、用例描述、前置条件、用例步骤、''、预期结果case_nums = [['P1', 'lijx5', '标签管理列表', '1.已登录', '1.点击标签管理', '','1.成功:正确跳转到标签管理页面,页面包括标签名称、标签颜色、创建时间、创建人、操作的字段;包括操作按钮和创建标签按钮;包括标签名称搜索框可对标签进行搜索'],['P1', 'lijx5', '创建标签', '1.已登录', '1.点击标签管理\n2.点击创建标签\n3.标签名称输入“测试1”\n4.标签颜色选择黑色，点击确定', '','1.\n2.\n3.\n4.成功:标签管理页面正确显示名为“测试1”的标签,标签颜色为黑色'], ['P1', 'lijx5', '创建标签名称字符串超长', '1.已登录','1.点击标签管理\n2.点击创建标签\n3.标签名称输入“12345678901”\n4.标签颜色选择黑色，点击确定','', '1.\n2.\n3.\n4.成功:页面提示由于标签名称过长,无法创建该标签']]docx = Document()# 设置字体与大小docx.styles['Normal'].font.name = u'宋体'docx.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(10.5)docx.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), u'宋体')for case in case_nums:new_table = deepcopy(self.table)for i in range(1, 8):new_table.cell(i, 4).text = case[i - 1].replace('#', '').replace('*', "")paragraph = docx.add_paragraph()paragraph._p.addnext(new_table._element)docx.save(word_path)if __name__ == '__main__':test = OperationDocx(r'D:\Desktop\报告模板.docx')test.generate_word(r'table123.docx')

结果

2.绘制表格

设置单元格属性

from docx import Document
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT, WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL # WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL 会报错，不管
from docx.shared import Cm, RGBColor, Ptpath = 'table123.docx'doc = Document()table1 = doc.add_table(rows=10, cols=4, style='Table Grid')for row in range(10):for col in range(4):# TODO 向单元格写入数据有以下两种方式# table1.cell(row, col).text = str(list1[row][col])run = table1.cell(row, col).paragraphs[0].add_run('123456')# TODO 单元格文本颜色，http://tools.jb51.net/static/colorpicker/index.htmlrun.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0)# TODO 单元格字体run.font.name = '宋体'# TODO 单元格字体大小run.font.size = Pt(12)# TODO 单元格文本加粗run.bold = True# 向单元格插入图片# table1.cell(col, 4).paragraphs[0].add_run().add_picture('1.jpg', width=Cm(10))# TODO 单元格数据水平对其方式table1.cell(row, col).paragraphs[0].paragraph_format.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER# TODO 单元格数据垂直对其方式   TOP:文本与单元格的上边框对齐。CENTER:文本与单元格的中心对齐。BOTTOM:文本与单元格的下边框对齐table1.cell(row, col).vertical_alignment = WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL.CENTER
# TODO 合并单元格
for i in range(3, 9):cell_1 = table1.cell(i, 1)cell_2 = table1.cell(i, 3)cell_1.merge(cell_2)
# TODO 对于合并的单元格设置宽度table1.autofit = Falsetable1.allow_autofit = Falsetable1.columns[0].width = Inches(1.3)# table1.rows[0].cells[0].width = Inches(1.5)
doc.save(path)

设置表格属性

from docx import Document
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT, WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL  # WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL 会报错，不管
from docx.shared import Cm, RGBColor, Pt
from docx.oxml.ns import qnpath = 'table123.docx'doc = Document()
# TODO 创建表格
table1 = doc.add_table(rows=10, cols=4, style='Table Grid')
# TODO 设置表格字体属性
table1.style.font.size = Pt(12)  # 字体大小
table1.style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0)  # 字体颜色
table1.style.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER  # 水平居中
col1 = ['测试用例标识', '测试需求项', '测试人员', '用例描述', '前置条件', '操作步骤', '测试输入', '预期结果', '实际结果', '是否通过']
col3 = ['测试类型', '测试优先级', '模块', '缺陷ID']
# TODO 向第一列和第三列插入数据
for col_data in col1:col_index = col1.index(col_data)run = table1.cell(col_index, 0).paragraphs[0].add_run(col_data)# TODO 合并单元格
for i in range(3, 9):cell_1 = table1.cell(i, 1)cell_2 = table1.cell(i, 3)cell_1.merge(cell_2)
doc.save(path)

示例

from docx import Document
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT, WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL  # WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL 会报错，不管
from docx.shared import Cm, RGBColor, Pt
from docx.oxml.ns import qnpath = 'table123.docx'doc = Document()
# TODO 创建表格
table1 = doc.add_table(rows=10, cols=4, style='Table Grid')
# TODO 设置表格字体属性
table1.style.font.size = Pt(12)  # 字体大小
table1.style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0)  # 字体颜色
col1 = ['测试用例标识', '测试需求项', '测试人员', '用例描述', '前置条件', '操作步骤', '测试输入', '预期结果', '实际结果', '是否通过']
col3 = ['测试类型', '测试优先级', '模块', '', '', '', '', '', '', '缺陷ID']
# TODO 向第一列插入数据
for row_index in [0, 2]:for col_data in col1:col_index = col1.index(col_data)if row_index == 2:run = table1.cell(col_index, row_index).paragraphs[0].add_run(col3[col_index])else:run = table1.cell(col_index, row_index).paragraphs[0].add_run(col_data)# TODO 单元格文本加粗run.bold = True# TODO 单元格数据水平对其方式table1.cell(col_index, row_index).paragraphs[0].paragraph_format.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER# TODO 合并单元格
for i in range(3, 9):cell_1 = table1.cell(i, 1)cell_2 = table1.cell(i, 3)cell_1.merge(cell_2)
doc.save(path)

from copy import deepcopy
from docx import Document
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT, WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL  # WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL 会报错，不管
from docx.shared import Pt, Inches
import pandas as pd
from tqdm import tqdmclass GenerateProgramRecordCase:"""生成测试方案和测试记录word用例"""def __init__(self):self.doc = Document()# TODO 设置字体与大小self.doc.styles['Normal'].font.name = u'宋体'self.doc.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(12.5)self.doc.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), u'宋体')@staticmethoddef read_excel(excel_path, excel_sheet):"""读取excel用例:param excel_path: E:\项目\福州\测试用例\运行监测系统-测试用例.xlsx:param excel_sheet:sheet名称  预警预测:return:"""excel_data = pd.read_excel(excel_path, excel_sheet)data = excel_data.valuesresult = []case_id = 1for i in data[1:]:if str(i[3]) != 'nan' and str(i[5]) != 'nan' and str(i[7]) != 'nan' and str(i[8]) != 'nan':temporary_data = ["13-"+str(case_id+136), i[3], i[5], i[7], i[8], "□ 通  过      □ 不通过        □ 未测试", ""]result.append(temporary_data)case_id += 1return resultdef generate_word(self, data):"""将excel一条用例转化为word表格:param data: ['1-1-1-1', '预警预测-运行监测指标体系', '检查目录新增功能', '1.右击根目录，点击新增子目录\n2.右击新增的目录，点击新增同级目录']:return:"""table = self.doc.add_table(rows=7, cols=2, style='Table Grid')title = ['测试编号', '测试项目', '功能说明', '测试过程（步骤）', '现象描述', '实测结果', '备注']for col in range(2):for row in range(7):# TODO 向单元格写入数据有以下两种方式if col == 0:table.cell(row, col).paragraphs[0].add_run(title[row])# TODO 单元格数据水平对其方式table.cell(row, col).paragraphs[0].paragraph_format.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTERelse:table.cell(row, col).paragraphs[0].add_run(data[row])# TODO 单元格数据水平对其方式table.cell(row, col).paragraphs[0].paragraph_format.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.LEFT# TODO 单元格数据垂直对其方式   TOP:文本与单元格的上边框对齐。CENTER:文本与单元格的中心对齐。BOTTOM:文本与单元格的下边框对齐table.cell(row, col).vertical_alignment = WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL.CENTER# TODO 对于合并的单元格设置宽度table.autofit = Falsetable.allow_autofit = Falsetable.columns[0].width = Inches(2.0)table.columns[1].width = Inches(4.0)# TODO 输入一个空格self.doc.add_paragraph()def run(self, excel_path, excel_sheet):""":param excel_path: E:\项目\福州\测试用例\运行监测系统-测试用例.xlsx:param excel_sheet:sheet名称  预警预测:return:"""# TODO 生成测试记录用例for i in tqdm(self.read_excel(excel_path, excel_sheet)):self.generate_word(i)self.doc.save('测试记录用例.docx')# TODO 生成测试方案用例docx = Document()docx.styles['Normal'].font.name = u'宋体'docx.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(12)docx.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), u'宋体')document = Document('测试记录用例.docx')for table in tqdm(document.tables):new_table = deepcopy(table)for i in range(3):row = new_table.rows[-1]row._element.getparent().remove(row._element)paragraph = docx.add_paragraph()paragraph._p.addnext(new_table._element)docx.save('测试方案用例.docx')if __name__ == '__main__':test_program = GenerateProgramRecordCase()test_program.run(r"E:\项目\福州\测试用例\应急系统-测试用例.xlsx", '应急演练')

3.根据前端代码识别word表格

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from docx import Document
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT
from docx.shared import RGBColor, Pt# 你的HTML表格字符串
html_table = """
<p><br></p><table style="width: 100%;table-layout: fixed;"><tbody><tr><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">第一列</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style=""><strong>第二列</strong></td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">第三列</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">第四列</td></tr><tr><td colSpan="2" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">1</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="display:none"></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="auto" style="text-align: center;">2</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">3</td></tr><tr><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">4</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">5</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="3" width="auto" style="">6</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">7</td></tr><tr><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">8</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">9</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="display:none"></td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">10</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="2" width="auto" style="text-align: right;">11</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">12</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="display:none"></td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">13</td></tr><tr><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="display:none"></td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">14</td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style=""><strong>15</strong></td><td colSpan="1" rowSpan="1" width="auto" style="">16</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br></p>"""
# 使用BeautifulSoup解析HTML
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_table, 'html.parser')# 找到表格
table = soup.find('table')# 初始化数据结构
data = []# 解析表格
for row in table.find_all('tr'):row_data = []for cell in row.find_all(['th', 'td']):print(cell.attrs, cell.contents)cell_data = {"style": cell.attrs['style'],"colspan": int(cell.attrs['colspan']),"rowspan": int(cell.attrs['rowspan']),"value": cell.text,"contents": cell.contents}row_data.append(cell_data)data.append(row_data)# 输出结果
# print(json.dumps(data))
doc = Document()
# TODO 创建表格
table1 = doc.add_table(rows=len(data) + 1, cols=len(data[0]), style='Table Grid')
# TODO 设置表格字体属性
table1.style.font.size = Pt(12)  # 字体大小
table1.style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0)  # 字体颜色
# table1.style.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER  # 水平居中
for i in data:for j in i:table1.cell(row_idx=data.index(i), col_idx=i.index(j)).paragraphs[0].add_run(j['value'])for i in data:for j in i:if j['rowspan'] == 1 and j['colspan'] > 1:cell_1 = table1.cell(data.index(i), i.index(j))cell_2 = table1.cell(data.index(i), i.index(j) + j['colspan']-1)cell_1.merge(cell_2)elif j['colspan'] == 1 and j['rowspan'] > 1:cell_1 = table1.cell(data.index(i), i.index(j))cell_2 = table1.cell(data.index(i)+j['rowspan']-1, i.index(j))cell_1.merge(cell_2)
doc.save("test.docx")