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在linux上训练深度学习环境配置（Ubuntu）

news 2025/10/19 6:32:09

本篇博客为本人配置环境实际步骤。

一、本地基础配置

首先完成安装Ubuntu20.04版本，安装完成后进行本地基础配置。

1.更新系统 & 安装基础工具

首先打开终端，执行以下命令来更新软件包列表并升级系统，同时安装必要的软件包（如pip和创建虚拟环境的工具）：

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install -y python3-pip python3-venv

如果在执行第一行代码时遇到报错可能是由于软件源配置问题导致的，可以尝试更换软件源

# 备份原来的源列表
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup# 编辑源列表
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

将内容替换为中科大镜像源

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS _Focal Fossa_ - Release amd64 (20230316)]/ focal main restricted# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partnerdeb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse# This system was installed using small removable media                
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.

然后再执行前面的安装代码，安装完成后使用python3 --version查看版本，检测python是否安装成功。

2.设置Python虚拟环境

使用虚拟环境来管理项目依赖，避免冲突，虚拟环境中的安装的包不会影响系统全局环境。

创建一个名为 pytorch_env 的Python虚拟环境