【Kotlin进阶】泛型的高级特性
文章目录
- 1. 基本概念
- 2. 理解泛型擦除
- 3. 不变,协变,逆变
- 3.1 不变
- 3.2 协变
- 1. 基础定义
- 2. 案例分析:接口类List
- 3.3 逆变
- 4. 星投影
- 5. 内联实化
1. 基本概念
2. 理解泛型擦除
3. 不变,协变,逆变
3.1 不变
3.2 协变
1. 基础定义
- 如果 A 是 B 的子类型,并且Generic< A> 也是 Generic< B > 的子类型,那么 Generic
可以称之为一个协变类。 - 需要在泛型参数前面加上 out 关键字
- 无法添加元素,只能读取内容(没有add方法)
- UnsafeVariance 在协变(Covariance)中的应用主要是用于打破 Kotlin编译器对泛型类型参数使用位置的限制,从而允许将协变类型参数(out T)用在一些原本不允许的位置(如函数参数、可变属性等),前提是开发者自己能保证类型安全。
2. 案例分析:接口类List
前提是List类使用了out关键字定义泛型参数类型;
String是Any的子类,因此List< String >是List< Any >的子类
val stringList : List<String> = ArrayList<String>()val anyList : List<Any> = stringList//假设有add方法anyList.add(1) val str: String = anyList.get(0) //出错
- List源码
- 使用了out关键字声明
- 没有add方法
- UnsafeVariance的使用,如何理解大白话讲,比如contains中E被当作输入参数(所谓的逆变点),因此就需要加上该注解
public interface List<out E> : Collection<E> {// Query Operationsoverride val size: Intoverride fun isEmpty(): Booleanoverride fun contains(element: @UnsafeVariance E): Booleanoverride fun iterator(): Iterator<E>// Bulk Operationsoverride fun containsAll(elements: Collection<@UnsafeVariance E>): Boolean// Positional Access Operations/*** Returns the element at the specified index in the list.*/public operator fun get(index: Int): E// Search Operations/*** Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in the list, or -1 if the specified* element is not contained in the list.*/public fun indexOf(element: @UnsafeVariance E): Int/*** Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in the list, or -1 if the specified* element is not contained in the list.*/public fun lastIndexOf(element: @UnsafeVariance E): Int// List Iterators/*** Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper sequence).*/public fun listIterator(): ListIterator<E>/*** Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper sequence), starting at the specified [index].*/public fun listIterator(index: Int): ListIterator<E>// View/*** Returns a view of the portion of this list between the specified [fromIndex] (inclusive) and [toIndex] (exclusive).* The returned list is backed by this list, so non-structural changes in the returned list are reflected in this list, and vice-versa.** Structural changes in the base list make the behavior of the view undefined.*/public fun subList(fromIndex: Int, toIndex: Int): List<E>
}