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Socket-TCP 上位机下位机数据交互框架

news 2025/9/2 5:48:30

Socket-TCP 上位机 ↔ 下位机数据交互框架（C# WinForm 版本）。
框架特点：

上位机既做“客户端”又可秒切“TCP服务器”，适应不同场景
支持 01 线圈 / 03 保持寄存器 / 04 输入寄存器 的任意地址位配置
实时日志、自动重连、断线检测、CRC16 校验
线程安全：收发线程与 UI 线程解耦，不卡界面
协议扩展：预留“私有协议”接口，可快速改为 Modbus-TCP、自定义帧格式

1. 工程准备

依赖	NuGet 指令
日志	`Install-Package NLog`
CRC16	`Install-Package Crc16`

2. 核心代码目录

/FrmMain.cs        // UI
/TcpLink.cs        // 连接管理
/ProtocolCodec.cs  // 协议编解码
/DataStore.cs      // 地址-数据映射(01 03 04)

3. 代码

3.1 连接管理（TcpLink.cs）

public class TcpLink : IDisposable
{private TcpClient _tcp;private NetworkStream _ns;private readonly CancellationTokenSource _cts = new();public event Action<byte[]> OnReceived;public bool IsConnected => _tcp?.Connected == true;// 作为客户端连接public async Task ConnectAsync(string ip, int port){_tcp = new TcpClient();await _tcp.ConnectAsync(ip, port);_ns = _tcp.GetStream();_ = Task.Run(() => ReceiveLoop(_cts.Token));}// 作为服务器监听public async Task StartServerAsync(int port){var listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, port);listener.Start();var client = await listener.AcceptTcpClientAsync();_tcp = client; _ns = client.GetStream();_ = Task.Run(() => ReceiveLoop(_cts.Token));}public async Task SendAsync(byte[] data){if (!IsConnected) return;await _ns.WriteAsync(data, 0, data.Length);}private async Task ReceiveLoop(CancellationToken ct){var buf = new byte[1024];while (!ct.IsCancellationRequested){var len = await _ns.ReadAsync(buf, 0, buf.Length, ct);if (len == 0) break; // 断线OnReceived?.Invoke(buf.AsSpan(0, len).ToArray());}}public void Dispose(){_cts.Cancel();_ns?.Dispose();_tcp?.Close();}
}

3.2 地址-数据映射（DataStore.cs）

public class DataStore
{private readonly bool[] _coils = new bool[1000];          // 01private readonly ushort[] _holdingRegs = new ushort[1000]; // 03private readonly ushort[] _inputRegs = new ushort[1000];   // 04public bool[] Coils => _coils;public ushort[] HoldingRegs => _holdingRegs;public ushort[] InputRegs => _inputRegs;// 示例：设置单个线圈public void SetCoil(ushort addr, bool value) => _coils[addr] = value;public bool GetCoil(ushort addr) => _coils[addr];// 示例：设置保持寄存器public void SetHolding(ushort addr, ushort value) => _holdingRegs[addr] = value;public ushort GetHolding(ushort addr) => _holdingRegs[addr];
}

3.3 Modbus-TCP 协议编解码（ProtocolCodec.cs）

public static class ProtocolCodec
{public static byte[] BuildReadHolding(ushort addr, ushort qty, byte slaveId){var ms = new MemoryStream();var bw = new BinaryWriter(ms);bw.Write((ushort)0x0000);      // 事务标识bw.Write((ushort)0x0000);      // 协议标识bw.Write((ushort)0x0006);      // 长度bw.Write(slaveId);bw.Write((byte)0x03);          // 功能码 03bw.Write(addr);bw.Write(qty);return ms.ToArray();}public static bool TryDecode(byte[] raw, out byte fn, out ushort addr, out ushort[] values){if (raw.Length < 8) { fn = 0; addr = 0; values = null; return false; }fn = raw[7];addr = (ushort)(raw[8] << 8 | raw[9]);var qty = (ushort)(raw[10] << 8 | raw[11]);values = new ushort[qty];var bytes = raw.AsSpan(9 + 2);for (int i = 0; i < qty; i++)values[i] = (ushort)(bytes[i * 2] << 8 | bytes[i * 2 + 1]);return true;}
}

3.4 WinForm 调用（FrmMain.cs）

public partial class FrmMain : Form
{private readonly TcpLink _link = new();private readonly DataStore _store = new();public FrmMain(){InitializeComponent();_link.OnReceived += bytes =>{if (ProtocolCodec.TryDecode(bytes, out var fn, out var addr, out var vals)){// 更新 UIthis.Invoke(() => UpdateUI(fn, addr, vals));}};}private async void btnConnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){await _link.ConnectAsync(txtIP.Text, int.Parse(txtPort.Text));lblStatus.Text = "已连接";}private async void btnRead_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){ushort addr = ushort.Parse(txtAddr.Text);ushort qty = 1;var frame = ProtocolCodec.BuildReadHolding(addr, qty, 1);await _link.SendAsync(frame);}private void UpdateUI(byte fn, ushort addr, ushort[] vals){if (fn == 0x03) txtValue.Text = vals[0].ToString();}
}