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配置单区域 OSPF

news 2025/8/26 10:32:51

实验目的

实现单区域 OSPF 的配置。
描述 OSPF 在多路访问网络中邻居关系建立的过程。

实验拓扑

配置单区域 OSPF 的实验拓扑如图 1-2 所示。

图 1-2 配置单区域 OSPF

实验步骤

配置 IP 地址。

R1 的配置：

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]undo info-center enable [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R1]interface LoopBack 0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24 [R1-LoopBack0]quit

R2 的配置：

<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]undo info-center enable [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface g0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 12.1.1.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R2]interface g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 23.1.1.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R2]interface LoopBack 0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 24 [R2-LoopBack0]quit

R3 的配置：

<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]undo info-center enable [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 23.1.1.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R3]interface LoopBack 0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 24

[R3-LoopBack0]quit

运行 OSPF。R1 的配置：

[R1]ospf router-id 1.1.1.1 // 启用 OSPF，设置它的 Router ID 1.1.1.1 [R1-ospf-1]area 0 // 区域 0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255// 宣告网络 12.1.1.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 // 宣告网络 1.1.1.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

R2 的配置：

[R2]ospf router-id 2.2.2.2

[R2-ospf-1]area 0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 [R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

R3 的配置：

[R3]ospf router-id 3.3.3.3

[R3-ospf-1]area 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

᧢【技术要点】

OSPF的进程ID编号范围为1~65535，只在本地有效，不同路由器的进程ID可以不同。

᧢【技术要点】

Router ID用于在自治系统中唯一地标识一台运行OSPF的路由器，它是一个32位的无符号整数。
Router ID选举规则如下。

手动配置OSPF路由器的Router ID（建议手动配置）。
如果没有手动配置Router ID，则路由器使用LoopBack接口中最大的IP地址作为Router ID。
如果没有配置LoopBack接口，则路由器使用物理接口中最大的IP地址作为Router ID。

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 [R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

实验调试

在 R1 上查看当前设备所有激活的 OSPF 的接口信息。

<R1>display ospf interface all

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1 //OSPF 的进程为 1，Router ID 为 1.1.1.1 Interfaces

Area: 0.0.0.0 (MPLS TE not enabled) //OSPF 的区域为 0

Interface: 12.1.1.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)

Cost: 1 State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500 Priority: 1

//G0/0/0 的开销为 1，它是 DR，网络类型为广播，MTU 为 1500，优先级为 1 Designated Router: 12.1.1.1 //DR 为 12.1.1.1

Backup Designated Router: 12.1.1.2 //BDR 为 12.1.1.2

Timers: Hello 10, Dead 40, Poll 120, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1

Interface: 1.1.1.1 (LoopBack0)

Cost: 0 State: P-2-P Type: P2P MTU: 1500

Timers: Hello 10, Dead 40, Poll 120, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1

在 R1 上查看当前设备的邻居状态。

<R1>display ospf peer

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1 Neighbors

Area 0.0.0.0 interface 12.1.1.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s neighbors Router ID: 2.2.2.2 Address: 12.1.1.2

State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1 // 邻居状态为Full，邻居为Master

DR: 12.1.1.1 BDR: 12.1.1.2 MTU: 0

Dead timer due in 34 sec Retrans timer interval: 5 Neighbor is up for 00:29:56 Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

在 R1 上查看当前设备的 LSDB。

<R1>display ospf lsdb

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1 Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.0

Type	LinkState ID	AdvRouter	Age	Len	Sequence	Metric
Router	2.2.2.2	2.2.2.2	109	60	8000000A	1
Router	1.1.1.1	1.1.1.1	169	48	80000007	1
Router	3.3.3.3	3.3.3.3	114	48	80000005	1
Network	23.1.1.2	2.2.2.2	109	32	80000003	0
Network	12.1.1.1	1.1.1.1	169	32	80000003	0

在 R1 上查看当前设备的 OSPF 路由表。

<R1>display ospf routing

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1 Routing Tables

Routing for Network

Destination	Cost	Type	NextHop	AdvRouter	Area
1.1.1.1/32	0	Stub	1.1.1.1	1.1.1.1	0.0.0.0
12.1.1.0/24	1	Transit	12.1.1.1	1.1.1.1	0.0.0.0
2.2.2.2/32	1	Stub	12.1.1.2	2.2.2.2	0.0.0.0
3.3.3.3/32	2	Stub	12.1.1.2	3.3.3.3	0.0.0.0
23.1.1.0/24	2	Transit	12.1.1.2	2.2.2.2	0.0.0.0
Total Nets: 5

Intra Area: 5 Inter Area: 0 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0

在 R1 上开启以下命令，观察 OSPF 的状态机。

<R1>terminal debugging // 使能终端显示 Debug 信息功能

<R1>terminal monitor // 使能终端显示信息中心发送信息的功能

<R1>debugging ospf event // 用来查看 OSPF 协议工作过程中的所有事件

<R1>debugging ospf packet // 用来查看 OSPF 协议工作过程中的所有报文

<R1>system-view [R1]interface g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R1]interface g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R1]info-center enable

调试信息如下：

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00-08:00 R1 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)

[0]:Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has turned into UP state. [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.7-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802c Line: 1295 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Intf 12.1.1.1 Rcv InterfaceUp State Down -> Waiting.

// 接入 UP 后，OSPF 从 Down 状态进入 Waiting 状态

[R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.8-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd0178025 Line: 559 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: SEND Packet. Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.9-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 12.1.1.1 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.10-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.11-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1 (Hello) [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.12-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Length: 44, Router: 1.1.1.1 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.13-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Area: 0.0.0.0, Chksum: fa9c [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.14-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.15-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Key(ascii): * * * * * * * * [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.16-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0

[R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.17-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_ [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.18-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.19-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: DR: 0.0.0.0 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.20-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: BDR: 0.0.0.0 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.21-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: # Attached Neighbors: 0 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.22-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

[R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.191.23-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802c Line: 1409 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1 Send Hello Interface Up on 12.1.1.1 //R1 在接口上发送 Hello 包

[R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.1-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd0178024 Line: 2236 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: RECV Packet. Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.2-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 12.1.1.2 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.3-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[2]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.1.12, NeighborEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init)

// 邻居收到 Hello 包，状态从 Down 进入 Init

[R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.5-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1 (Hello) [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.6-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Length: 44, Router: 2.2.2.2 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.7-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Area: 0.0.0.0, Chksum: f89a [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.8-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.9-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Key(ascii): * * * * * * * * [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.10-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.11-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_ [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.12-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.13-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: DR: 0.0.0.0 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.14-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: BDR: 0.0.0.0 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.15-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: # Attached Neighbors: 0 [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.16-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

[R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:00.641.17-08:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0xd017802d Line: 1136 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 12.1.1.2 Rcv HelloReceived State Down -> Init. [R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:10-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[3]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.1.12, NeighborEvent=2WayReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=2Way)

// 邻居收到 Hello 包，并在 Hello 包中看到自己的 Router ID，状态从 Init 进入 2Way

[R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:39-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[4]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.1.12, NeighborEvent=AdjOk?, NeighborPreviousState=2Way, NeighborCurrentState=ExStart)

// 发送 DD 报文，进入 ExStart 状态

[R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:44-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[5]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.1.12, NeighborEvent=N egotiationDone,NeighborPreviousState=ExStart,NeighborCurrentState=Exchange)

// 交互 DD 报文并发送 LSR、LSU 进入 Exchange 状态

[R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:44-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[6]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.1.12, NeighborEvent= ExchangeDone,NeighborPreviousState=Exchange,NeighborCurrentState=Loading)

// 交互完毕进入 Loading 状态

[R1]

Sep 2 2022 15:13:44-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[7]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.1.12, NeighborEvent=LoadingDone, NeighborPreviousState=Loading, NeighborCurrentState=Full)

//LSA 同步完成进入 Full 状态

本文出自作者的《华为HCIP-Datacom认证实验指导》