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SpringBoot - 公共字段自动填充的6种方案

news 2025/8/21 10:39:36

在这里插入图片描述

01痛点速览

// 每写一个 Service 就要来一遍
order.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
order.setUpdateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
order.setCreateUser(getCurrentUser());
order.setUpdateUser(getCurrentUser());

总结：

Ctrl C + Ctrl V 到手抽筋
一改字段，全局爆炸
一不留神就漏填

02方案 1MyBatis-Plus 元对象处理器

最香基础款

2.1 核心代码

@Slf4j
@Component
public class AutoFillHandler implements MetaObjectHandler {@Overridepublic void insertFill(MetaObject metaObject) {// 新增时填充strictInsertFill(metaObject, "createTime", LocalDateTime.class, LocalDateTime.now());strictInsertFill(metaObject, "createUser", String.class, getCurrentUser());strictInsertFill(metaObject, "updateTime", LocalDateTime.class, LocalDateTime.now());strictInsertFill(metaObject, "updateUser", String.class, getCurrentUser());}@Overridepublic void updateFill(MetaObject metaObject) {// 更新时只刷新 update*strictUpdateFill(metaObject, "updateTime", LocalDateTime.class, LocalDateTime.now());strictUpdateFill(metaObject, "updateUser", String.class, getCurrentUser());}/** 从 Security 上下文里拿登录人 */private String getCurrentUser() {return Optional.ofNullable(SecurityContextHolder.getContext()).map(SecurityContext::getAuthentication).map(Authentication::getName).orElse("system");}
}

注解：

实现 MetaObjectHandler，MyBatis-Plus 会自动回调
strictInsertFill 只在 insert 语句里生效
使用 Optional 防 NPE，稳！

2.2 实体类配上注解

@Data
public abstract class BaseEntity {@TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT)private LocalDateTime createTime;@TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT_UPDATE)private LocalDateTime updateTime;@TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT)private String createUser;@TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT_UPDATE)private String updateUser;
}@Entity
@Table(name = "t_order")
public class Order extends BaseEntity { }

03方案 2：AOP 切面

专治各种不服

3.1 自定义注解，声明式零侵入

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface AutoFill {OperationType value();   // INSERT / UPDATE
}public enum OperationType {INSERT, UPDATE
}

3.2 切面逻辑

@Aspect
@Component
@Slf4j
public class AutoFillAspect {@Around("@annotation(autoFill)")public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, AutoFill autoFill) throws Throwable {Object[] args = pjp.getArgs();for (Object arg : args) {if (arg instanceof BaseEntity) {fill((BaseEntity) arg, autoFill.value());}}return pjp.proceed(args);}private void fill(BaseEntity entity, OperationType type) {String user = getCurrentUser();LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();if (type == OperationType.INSERT) {entity.setCreateTime(now);entity.setCreateUser(user);}entity.setUpdateTime(now);entity.setUpdateUser(user);}private String getCurrentUser() {return Optional.ofNullable(RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).map(ServletRequestAttributes.class::cast).map(ServletRequestAttributes::getRequest).map(req -> req.getHeader("X-User-Id")).orElse("system");}
}

注解：

@Around 拦截所有标注 @AutoFill 的方法
统一在进入方法前就把字段塞满
支持多参数批量处理，一行注解搞定

04方案 3：分布式 ID + 多数据源

4.1 Snowflake 发号器

@Configuration
public class SnowflakeConfig {@Beanpublic SnowflakeIdWorker idWorker(@Value("${snowflake.workerId}") long workerId,@Value("${snowflake.dataCenterId}") long dataCenterId) {return new SnowflakeIdWorker(workerId, dataCenterId);}
}

4.2 多数据源下自动填充

public class MultiDataSourceAutoFillHandler extends MetaObjectHandler {@Autowiredprivate SnowflakeIdWorker idWorker;@Overridepublic void insertFill(MetaObject metaObject) {super.insertFill(metaObject);// 分布式主键strictInsertFill(metaObject, "id", Long.class, idWorker.nextId());}
}

05方案 4：性能优化三板斧

5.1 ThreadLocal 缓存当前用户

public class UserContextHolder {private static final ThreadLocal<String> holder = new ThreadLocal<>();public static void set(String user) { holder.set(user); }public static String get() { return holder.get(); }public static void clear() { holder.remove(); }
}public class UserInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {@Overridepublic boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, Object handler) {UserContextHolder.set(req.getHeader("X-User-Id"));return true;}@Overridepublic void afterCompletion(...) {UserContextHolder.clear();   // 防止内存泄漏}
}

5.2 批量操作统一时间

@Transactional
public void batchInsert(List<Order> orders) {String user = UserContextHolder.get();LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();orders.forEach(o -> {o.setCreateTime(now);o.setCreateUser(user);o.setUpdateTime(now);o.setUpdateUser(user);});orderMapper.batchInsert(orders);
}

06方案 5：监控 + 审计

6.1 切面记录操作日志

@Aspect
@Component
public class OperationLogAspect {@AfterReturning("@annotation(autoFill)")public void log(AutoFill autoFill) {LogEntry log = new LogEntry();log.setOperator(UserContextHolder.get());log.setOperation(autoFill.value().name());log.setTime(LocalDateTime.now());logService.save(log);}
}