AIDL简单使用

一、AIDL基础

AIDL（Android Interface Definition Language） 是Android用于跨进程通信的接口定义语言，基于Binder机制实现。
核心流程：

1. 定义接口（.aidl文件）
2. 实现接口（服务端）
3. 绑定服务（客户端）
4. 跨进程调用

二、Demo

1. 定义AIDL接口
   文件：ICalculator.aidl

// ICalculator.aidl  
package com.example.aidldemo;  interface ICalculator {  int add(int a, int b);  int subtract(int a, int b);  
}  

1. 实现服务端
   CalculatorService.kt

class CalculatorService : Service() {  private val binder = object : ICalculator.Stub() {  override fun add(a: Int, b: Int): Int = a + b  override fun subtract(a: Int, b: Int): Int = a - b  }  override fun onBind(intent: Intent): IBinder = binder  
}  

AndroidManifest.xml

<service  android:name=".CalculatorService"  android:exported="true"  android:process=":remote"/>  

客户端绑定与调用
MainActivity.kt

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {  private var calculator: ICalculator? = null  private val connection = object : ServiceConnection {  override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName?, service: IBinder?) {  calculator = ICalculator.Stub.asInterface(service)  }  override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName?) {  calculator = null  }  }  override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)  bindService(  Intent(this, CalculatorService::class.java),  connection,  Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE  )  // 调用示例  btnAdd.setOnClickListener {  val result = calculator?.add(5, 3) // 输出8  Toast.makeText(this, "Result: $result", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()  }  }  override fun onDestroy() {  unbindService(connection)  super.onDestroy()  }  
}  

三、传递自定义对象

1. 定义Parcelable对象
   User.kt

@Parcelize  
data class User(val id: Int, val name: String) : Parcelable  
IUserManager.aidl
// IUserManager.aidl  
package com.example.aidldemo;  
import com.example.aidldemo.User;  interface IUserManager {  void addUser(in User user);  List<User> getUsers();  
}  

2. 实现服务端
   UserManagerService.kt

class UserManagerService : Service() {  private val users = mutableListOf<User>()  private val binder = object : IUserManager.Stub() {  override fun addUser(user: User) {  users.add(user)  }  override fun getUsers(): MutableList<User> = users  }  override fun onBind(intent: Intent): IBinder = binder  
}  

3. 客户端调用

val userManager = IUserManager.Stub.asInterface(service)  
userManager.addUser(User(1, "Alice"))  
val userList = userManager.users // 获取用户列表  

四、关键问题与解决方案

4. 线程模型

   • 服务端方法默认运行在Binder线程池
   • 解决方案：

     override fun addUser(user: User) {  // 切换到主线程更新UI  Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post {  // 更新UI操作  }  
     }  
     

5. 异常处理

try {  val result = calculator?.add(5, 3)  
} catch (e: RemoteException) {  Log.e("AIDL", "Remote call failed", e)  
}  

6. 权限控制
   服务端验证权限：

override fun onTransact(code: Int, data: Parcel, reply: Parcel?, flags: Int): Boolean {  val permission = checkCallingOrSelfPermission("com.example.PERMISSION")  if (permission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {  throw SecurityException("Permission denied")  }  return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags)  
}  

五、性能优化技巧

批量数据传输：
// AIDL接口定义

void addUsers(in List<User> users); 

使用oneway非阻塞调用：

oneway void logEvent(in String event); 

对象池复用：

private val userPool = Pools.SynchronizedPool<User>(10)  fun getUser(): User = userPool.acquire() ?: User()  
fun recycleUser(user: User) = userPool.release(user)  

服务端断连处理

服务断开 → onServiceDisconnected/binderDied → 启动重连 → 指数退避重试
├─ 成功 → 重置重试计数
└─ 失败 → 提示用户

7. 检测服务端断连
   通过 ServiceConnection 监听连接状态

private val serviceConnection = object : ServiceConnection {override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName?, service: IBinder?) {// 绑定成功aidlService = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service)// 添加死亡监听（关键！）service?.linkToDeath(deathRecipient, 0)}override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName?) {// 服务异常断开aidlService = nullscheduleReconnect() // 触发重连逻辑}
}// Binder 死亡监听（更底层）
private val deathRecipient = IBinder.DeathRecipient {runOnUiThread {Toast.makeText(this, "服务端进程终止，尝试重连...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()scheduleReconnect()}
}
通过 linkToDeath 监听 Binder 死亡
//更底层监听 Binder 对象存活状态：
private fun registerBinderDeathListener(binder: IBinder?) {binder?.linkToDeath(object : IBinder.DeathRecipient {override fun binderDied() {// Binder死亡（非主线程，需切线程处理）runOnUiThread {showToast("服务已断开，正在重连...")scheduleReconnect()}}}, 0) // flags 传0即可
}

2. 自动重连策略
   指数退避重连

private var reconnectAttempts = 0
private val maxReconnectAttempts = 5
private val reconnectHandler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())private fun scheduleReconnect() {if (reconnectAttempts >= maxReconnectAttempts) {Log.w("AIDL", "超过最大重试次数，放弃重连")return}val delay = 2_000L * (reconnectAttempts + 1) // 2s, 4s, 8s...reconnectHandler.postDelayed({bindAidlService()reconnectAttempts++}, delay)
}private fun bindService() {val intent = Intent(this, CalculatorService::class.java)bindService(intent, serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE)
}