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使用 ECharts GL 实现 3D 中国地图点位飞线效果

news 2025/8/13 7:21:14

前言

在现代数据可视化领域，3D 地图飞线效果是一种非常吸引人的展示方式，特别适合展示地理空间关系和数据流动。本文将详细解析如何使用 ECharts GL 在 Vue 项目中实现一个 3D 中国地图飞线效果。

技术栈

Vue.js 2.x/3.x
ECharts 5.x
ECharts GL 2.x

核心实现步骤

1. 准备工作

首先需要安装必要的依赖：

npm install echarts echarts-gl --save

2. 基础地图配置

import * as echarts from 'echarts'
import "echarts-gl";
import chinaJson from '@/utils/chinaOutline.json'export default {mounted() {this.initChart()},methods: {initChart() {const dom = this.$refs.chartRef;this.myChart = echarts.init(dom);echarts.registerMap('china', chinaJson);// ...其他配置}}
}

3. 数据处理

我们需要准备两类数据：

城市点位数据 - 用于在地图上显示城市位置
飞线数据 - 用于显示从起点到各城市的连线

const FROMCITY = [113.28064, 23.125177]  // 起点坐标（深圳）
const FROMCITYCOORD = [113.28064, 23.125177]// 处理飞线数据
const linesData = this.cityList.map(city => ({fromName: FROMCITY,toName: city.city,coords: [[FROMCITYCOORD[0], FROMCITYCOORD[1], 1], [city.provinceCapitalX, city.provinceCapitalY, 1]],
}));// 处理散点数据
const scatterData = this.cityList.map(city => ({name: city.city.replace('市', ''),value: [city.provinceCapitalX, city.provinceCapitalY, 1],
}));

4. 3D 地图核心配置

geo3D: {map: 'china',regionHeight: 8,  // 区域高度itemStyle: {color: 'RGBA(153, 249, 235, 1)',  // 地图基础颜色borderWidth: 1.5},viewControl: {distance: 110,  // 观察距离alpha: 60,      // 上下旋转角度beta: 0         // 左右旋转角度},// ...其他配置
}

5. 飞线系列配置

{type: 'lines3D',effect: {show: true,period: 4,            // 动画周期trailWidth: 4,        // 尾迹宽度symbol: 'arrow',      // 箭头符号color: 'rgba(255,255,255, 1)'},lineStyle: {width: 1.5,color: '#1AD9FF',     // 飞线颜色opacity: 0.8},data: linesData         // 飞线数据
}

6. 城市点位配置

{type: 'scatter3D',symbol: 'circle',symbolSize: 14,label: {show: true,formatter: '{b}',     // 显示城市名称color: '#FFF'},itemStyle: {color: '#FFA601'      // 点颜色},data: scatterData       // 散点数据
}

完整代码解析

setChartInit() {const dom = this.$refs.chartRef;this.myChart = this.myChart || echarts.init(dom);// 注册地图echarts.registerMap('china', chinaJson);// 准备数据const linesData = this.cityList.map(city => ({fromName: FROMCITY,toName: city.city,coords: [[FROMCITYCOORD[0], FROMCITYCOORD[1], 1], [city.provinceCapitalX, city.provinceCapitalY, 1]],}));const scatterData = this.cityList.map(city => ({name: city.city.replace('市', ''),value: [city.provinceCapitalX, city.provinceCapitalY, 1],}));// 配置项const option = {// 3D地图配置geo3D: {map: 'china',regionHeight: 8,// ...其他geo3D配置},series: [// 飞线系列{type: 'lines3D',// ...飞线配置data: linesData},// 点位系列{type: 'scatter3D',// ...点位配置data: scatterData}]};this.myChart.setOption(option);
}

完整代码

<template><div class="chartRef" ref="chartRef" style="height: 100%;width: 100%" />
</template>
<script>import * as echarts from 'echarts'
import '@/utils/chinaMap'
import "echarts-gl";
import chinaJson from '@/utils/chinaOutline.json'const FROMCITY = [113.28064, 23.125177]
const FROMCITYCOORD = [113.28064, 23.125177]export default {name: 'Demo',data() {return {cityList:[{"id": 0,"city": "绍兴市","provinceCapitalX": "120.15358","provinceCapitalY": "30.287458","num": 200},{"id": 1,"city": "北京市","provinceCapitalX": "116.405289","provinceCapitalY": "39.904987","num": 200},{"id": 2,"city": "嘉兴市","provinceCapitalX": "120.15358","provinceCapitalY": "30.287458","num": 200},{"id": 3,"city": "锦州市","provinceCapitalX": "118.76741","provinceCapitalY": "41.796768","num": 200},{"id": 4,"city": "临沂市","provinceCapitalX": "120.15358","provinceCapitalY": "30.287458","num": 200},{"id": 5,"city": "深圳市","provinceCapitalX": "113.28064","provinceCapitalY": "23.125177","num": 200}
],}},mounted() {this.getData()},watch: {},methods: {// 地图组件初始加载setChartInit() {const dom = this.$refs.chartRef;this.myChart = this.myChart || echarts.init(dom);echarts.registerMap('china', chinaJson);const linesData = this.cityList.map(city => ({fromName: FROMCITY,toName: city.city,coords: [[FROMCITYCOORD[0], FROMCITYCOORD[1], 1], [city.provinceCapitalX, city.provinceCapitalY, 1]],}));const scatterData = this.cityList.map(city => ({name: city.city.replace('市', ''),value: [city.provinceCapitalX, city.provinceCapitalY, 1],}));const option = {tooltip: {trigger: 'axis',axisPointer: {type: 'shadow'}},backgroundColor: 'transparent',geo3D: {zlevel: 1,type: 'geo3D',coordinateSystem: 'geo3D',map: 'china',regionHeight: 8,roam: false,silent: false, select: {disabled: false},itemStyle: {borderColor: 'RGBA(37, 182, 144, 0)',color: 'RGBA(153, 249, 235, 1)',borderWidth: 1.5},shading: "realistic",realisticMaterial: {detailTexture: "./bg.png",textureTiling: 1,blendMode: 'Additive', // 可选值：Additive / Subtractive / Multiply 等},light: {main: {intensity: 1.2,shadow: true,shadowQuality: 'high'},ambient: {intensity: 0.3}},viewControl: {distance: 110,alpha: 60,beta: 0,autoRotate: false,rotateSensitivity: 1,zoomSensitivity: 1,panSensitivity: 1},emphasis: {label: {show: true,color: 'RGBA(255, 255, 255, 1)',fontSize: 14,},itemStyle: {color: 'RGBA(255, 255, 255, 1)',borderWidth: 4,borderColor: "RGBA(255,255,255, 1)",regionHeight: 25,opacity: 1,shadowColor: 'RGBA(153, 249, 235, 1)'}},},series: [// 飞线系列{type: 'lines3D',coordinateSystem: 'geo3D',zlevel: 2,silent: true,effect: {show: true,period: 4,trailWidth: 4,trailLength: 0.4,symbol: 'arrow',symbolSize: 16,color: 'rgba(255,255,255, 1)'},lineStyle: {width: 1.5,color: '#1AD9FF',opacity: 0.8},data: linesData},// 点位系列{type: 'scatter3D',coordinateSystem: 'geo3D',zlevel: 3,symbol: 'circle',symbolSize: 14,silent: false,label: {show: true,position: 'right',formatter: '{b}',textStyle: {color: '#FFF',fontSize: 14}},itemStyle: {color: '#FFA601'},emphasis: {label: {show: false},itemStyle: {color: '#1AD9FF'}},data: scatterData}]}this.myChart.setOption(option);}}
}
</script><style scoped lang="scss"></style>