英语—四级CET4考试—规律篇—从历年真题中找规律—仔细阅读题—汇总

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2020-07

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping-where you hand over notes and count out change in return-now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk, from a corner shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail stores Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance-you don’t go and stand at any kind of cash register, when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.
  Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I’m just old-fashioned. But earning money isn’t quick or easy for most of us. Isn’t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink (眨眼) of an eye? Doesn’t a wallet that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness represent something that matters?
  But I’ll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet-the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver,and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets-is the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad. The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as a pebble ( 鹅卵石 ) . Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.

2020-07-46.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—head for extinction走向灭绝替换为disappear消失.

46. What is happening to the wallet? 【原文：The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping-where you hand over notes and count out change in return-now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk, from a corner shop. 】
    A. It is disappearing.
    B. It is being fattened.
    C. It is becoming costly.
    D. It is changing in style.

46. 钱包怎么了？
A.它正在消失。
B.它正在被养肥。
C.成本越来越高。
D.它的风格正在改变。

46.【定位】由题干中的happening to the wallet定位到首段第一句。

A 【精析】细节辨认题。首段开篇点明，钱包正在走向灭绝。因此，A “它正在消失”符合文义，故答案为 A。

【避错】文章第二段末句提到了fatness，作者在此描述了历来钱包里厚厚的一沓钱所带来的美好感觉，而非钱包的现状，故排除 B；文章指出，钱包正在走向灭绝，即使用的人越来越少，由此可知，钱包的价格应随着销售量减少而降低，不大可能变得昂贵，
文中也未提及钱包是否变得昂贵，故排除C；
文中未提及钱包的风格是否发生改变，故排除 D 。

2020-07-47.—细节辨认题—干扰项cash register，注意前面是don’t，答案在后面一句iPads to take your payment电子支付替换代为electronically电子。

47. How are business transactions done in big modern stores?【原文：At the most cutting-edge retail stores Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance-you don’t go and stand at any kind of cash register, when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.】
    A. Individually.
    B. Electronically.
    C. In the abstract.
    D. Via a cash register.

47. 在大型现代商店里，商业交易是如何进行的？
A.单独。
B.电子。
C.在摘要中。
D.通过收银机。

47.【定位】由题干中的in big modern stores定位到首段最后两句。

B 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，在高端的维多利亚.贝克汉姆商店里，人们不需要站在收银台前付款，在沙发上休息时用电子设备即可付款。因此，答案为B 。

【避错】文中未提及商品交易是否单独完成，故排除 A；C是根据首段第四句中 money is increasingly abstracted设置的干扰项，这里是说钱变得越来越抽象，而不是商业交易的方式变得抽象，故排除C；定位句提到，当你决定付钱的时候，不需要站在任何收银台前，即不需要使用收银机，故排除 D。

2020-07-48.—细节辨认题—两个But，在最后一个But，挣钱不容易，而花钱却在一眨眼的瞬间。

48. What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?【原文：Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I’m just old-fashioned. But earning money isn’t quick or easy for most of us. Isn’t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink (眨眼) of an eye? Doesn’t a wallet that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness represent something that matters?】
    A. Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.
    B. The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.
    C. Earning money is getting more difficult.【原文是赚钱难，不是赚钱变得越来越难】
    D. Spending money is so fast and easy.

48. 现在是什么让作者感到不舒服？
A.存钱正在成为过去式。
B.周五晚上愉快的感觉正在消失。
C.挣钱越来越难了。
D.花钱又快又容易。

48.【定位】由题干中的uncomfortaBle定位到第二段第二至五句。

D 【精析】细节辨认题。第二段介绍作者的看法。定位句指出，现金概念的抽象化使作者感到不安。究其原因是作者认为挣钱不容易，而花钱却在一眨眼的瞬间。D “花钱如此快速轻松”符合文义，故答案为 D。

【避错】文中未提及存钱的改变，故排除 A；
第二段最后一句提到了周五晚上愉快的感觉，但没有指出这种感觉是否在消逝，故排除 B；
第二段第四句提到，对于大多数人来说，挣钱并不是迅速简单的事，但没有提及挣钱是否变得更加困难，故排除C。

2020-07-49.—细节辨认题—易—death of the wallet替换为represent消失

49. Why does the author choose to write about what’s happening to the wallet?【原文：But I’ll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet-the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver,and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets-is the very opposite of what our world is becoming. 】
    A. It represents a change in the modern world.
    B. It has something to do with everybody’s life.
    C. It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition.
    D. It is the concern of contemporary economists.

49. 为什么作者选择写钱包发生了什么？
A.它代表了现代世界的变化。
B.它与每个人的生活有关。
C.这标志着一个历史悠久的传统的结束。
D.这是当代经济学家关注的问题。

49.【定位】由题干中的 Why和 What’s happening to the Wallet定位到第三段第二句。

A 【精析】细节辨认题。What’s happening to the Wallet指的是钱包正在走向灭绝这一趋势。定位句提到，钱包的消失给作者带来的困扰是关于它所代表的在客观环境中发生的改变。因此，A “它代表现代世界的变化”符合文义，故答案为 A。

【避错】B “它与每个人的生活有关”和 C “它标志着一个历史悠久的传统的结束”是原文提到的事实，但并不是作者写作的原因，因此排除；第三段首句提到把经济学留给专家，暗指作者要表述的钱包问题不属于经济学范畴，D“它是当代经济学家所关心的事”是对本句的曲解，因此排除。

2020-07-50.—推理判断题—定位难—定位整篇文章，需要读懂，关键词是wallet，所以直接可选C，仅有它有wallet

50. What can we infer from the passage about the author?【原文： Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.】
    A. He is resistant to social changes.
    B. He is against technological progress.
    C. He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.
    D. He feels insecure in the ever-changing modern world.

50. 从文章中我们可以推断出关于作者的什么？
A.他抵制社会变革。
B.他反对技术进步。
C.他不愿意放弃传统的钱包。
D.他在瞬息万变的现代社会中感到没有安全感。

50.【定位】由题干中的infer from the passage定位到整篇文章。

C【精析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了随着科技的发展，钱包逐渐消失的问题。文章最后一句指出，如果你还有钱包的话就展示出来吧。它也许不会长存于世了。这表达了作者不愿意舍弃传统钱包，因此答案为C。

【避错】通读全文可知，作者只是表达了由于科技迅速发展，传统支付方式被逐渐取代的不安和担忧，并没有抵制社会改变或反对科技进步，也没有表达在瞬息万变的现代社会中没有安全感，故可排除 A、B 和 D。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  It’s late in the evening：time to close the book and turn off the computer. You’re done for the day. What you may not realize,however,is that the learning process actually continues-in your dreams.
  It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented,often bizarre imaginings they generate at night. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned is associated with improved performance in that activity (suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular notion that we’re “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it) . What’s more,researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what we learn.
  While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural （神经的） virtual reality. A vivid example of such replay can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders. They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking, in which the sleeper engages in the kind physical movement that does not normally occur during sleep. They then videotaped the subjects as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, one female patient on the tape performs the dance moves she learned earlier.
  This shows that while our bodies are at rest, our brains are drawing what’s important from the information and events we’ve recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know. In a 2010 study, researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze (迷宫) task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their ability to find their way through the maze compared with participants who did not dream about the task.
  Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material. Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.

2020-07-51.—细节辨认题—易—选项C和D前面长得差不多，出题者大概率把答案放在这两个之间，选项C出现不少定位句的关键字，大概率考同义替换，所以选C。

51. What is scientists’ finding about dreaming?【原文：It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented,often bizarre imaginings they generate at night.Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned is associated with improved performance in that activity (suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular notion that we’re “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it) . What’s more,researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what we learn.】
    A. It involves disconnected, weird images.
    B. It resembles fragments of science fiction.
    C. Dreaming about a learned task betters its performance.
    D. Dreaming about things being learned disturbs one’s sleep.

51. 关于做梦，科学家有什么发现？
A.它涉及不连贯的、奇怪的图像。
B.它很像科幻小说的片段。
C.梦到学过的任务能更好地完成任务。
D.梦到正在学习的东西会干扰睡眠。

51.【定位】由题干中 的 scientists’finding about dreaming定位到第二段第二句。

C【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，科学家们发现，梦到我们已经学过的一项任务与在该活动中的表现有所提高有关。由此可知，梦到一项学过的任务会改善它的表现，故答案为C。

【避错】本段第一句提到，研究人员越来越关注我们的大脑在白天吸收的知识和技能与它们在夜间产生的零碎的、经常是奇异的想象之间的关系。
由此可知，我们的大脑会在夜间产生零碎的、奇异的想象，而不是梦到不连贯的、奇异的图像，故排除 A。

“它包括不连贯的、奇异的图像”，本段开头提到，这听起来可能像科幻小说，但研究人员正越来越关注我们的大脑在白天吸收的知识和技能与它们在夜间产生的零碎的、经常是奇异的想象之间的关系。由此可知，作者并不认为做梦像科幻小说，而是指大脑在夜间产生的想象与白天的经历有关这一点像科幻小说，故排除 B。

“它就像科幻小说的片段”，文中并未提及 D，“梦到正在学习的东西会干扰睡眠”，故排除。

2020-07-52.—细节辨认题—难—定位进行同义替换，while we sleep替换成enter a dream state进入梦乡， —但是选项容易，The brain出现两次，优先找，就可以找到关键处同义替换，replay重复替换成again再次

52. What happens when one enters a dream state?【原文：While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural （神经的） virtual reality. A vivid example of such replay can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders.】
    A. The body continues to act as if the sleeper were awake.
    B. The neural activity of the brain will become intensified.
    C. The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality video game.
    D. The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day.

52. 当一个人进入做梦状态时会发生什么？
A.身体继续表现得好像睡眠者是醒着的。
B.大脑的神经活动将会加强。
C.大脑的行为就像在玩虚拟现实视频游戏。
D.大脑再次经历一天的学习活动。

52.【定位】由题干中的a dream state定位到第三段第一句。

D【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，当我们进入睡眠，大脑回放它在我们清醒时所经历的活动的模式，使我们进入一种某位心理学家称为神经虚拟现实的状态。由此可知，当我们睡着时，大脑会再一次体验白天的学习活动，故答案为 D。

【避错】文中并未提及A“身体继续像睡眠者醒着一样活动”、B “大脑的神经活动会变得更加活跃”和C “大脑像在玩虚拟现实电子游戏”，故均排除。

2020-07-53.—推理判断题—难—定位难，同义替换，rest替换成sleep—选项同义替换，recently encountered最近接收的替换为newly acquired 最近接收的

53. What does the brain do while we are sleeping?【原文：This shows that while our bodies are at rest, our brains are drawing what’s important from the information and events we’ve recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know. 】
    A. It systematizes all the data collected during the day.
    B. It substitutes old information with new data.
    C. It processes and absorbs newly acquired data.
    D. It classifies information and places it in different files.

53. 当我们睡觉时，大脑在做什么？
A.它将白天收集的所有数据系统化。
B.用新数据代替旧信息。
C.它处理和吸收新获得的数据。
D.它将信息分类并放在不同的文件中。

53.【定位】由题干中的brain和sleeping以及选项定位到第四段第一句。

C【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，当我们的身体处于休息状态时，我们的大脑会从我们最近接触到的信息和事件中提取重要信息，然后将这些信息整合到我们已知的大量信息中。提取、整合信息的过程也就是处理、吸收信息的过程。由此可推断，在睡眠状态下，大脑处理和吸收新获得的信息，故答案为C。

【避错】定位句提到，大脑提取重要的新信息，并整合到已有的大量信息中，但并不是将所有信息都系统化，故排除 A；定位句说的是大脑将新信息整合到已知信息中，而不是替代已知信息，故排除B；文中并没有提到大脑将信息分类并把它放在不同的文件中，故排除 D。

2020-07-54.—细节辨认题—难—干扰项，选项D直接给了跟定位句类似的句子，容易错选，increase增加跟think about思考是完成不一样的意思；—同义替换take a nap替换为have a little sleep

54. What does Robert Stickgold suggest about enhancing learning?【原文：Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material. Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.】
    A. Having a little sleep after studying in the day.
    B. Staying up late before going to bed.
    C. Having a dream about anything.
    D. Thinking about the odds of dreaming about the material.

54. 罗伯特·斯蒂克戈尔德对加强学习有什么建议？
A.白天学习后小睡一会儿。
B.睡前熬夜。
C.对任何事情都有梦想。
D.考虑梦到材料的可能性。

54.【定位】由题干中的 Robert Stickgold和suggest定位到文章最后一段第一句。

A【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，罗伯特●斯蒂克戈尔德建议，在睡觉前学习或者在下午学习后小睡一会儿，可能会增加梦到这些材料的可能性。由此可知，白天学习后小睡一会儿可能会增加梦到学习材料的可能性，进而提高学习能力，故 A 为答案。

【避错】定位句说的是在睡觉前学习可能会增加梦到学习材料的可能性，而不是说睡前熬夜到很晚，故排除B；

定位句指出，在学习前或学习后睡觉可能会增加梦到学习材料的可能性，并不是说梦到什么都可以，故排除 C；

定位段最后一句顺承前文指出，当你的头碰到枕头的时候，想一想这个，即想一想这个建议，而不是想一想梦到学习材料的可能性，故排除 D。

2020-07-55.—推理判断题—难—最后一题是infer，需要结合整篇文

55. What can be inferred about dreaming from the passage?【原文：整篇文章】
    A. We may enhance our learning through dreaming.
    B. Dreaming improves your language ability.
    C. All sleepwalkers perform dance moves when they are sleeping.
    D. Taking a nap after learning can help you find the way through the maze.

55. 从文章中我们可以推断出关于做梦的什么？
A.我们可以通过做梦来加强学习。
B.做梦可以提高你的语言能力。
C.所有梦游者在睡觉的时候都会表演舞蹈动作。
D.学习后打个盹可以帮助你找到穿过迷宫的路。

55.【定位】本题需要统览整篇文章得出答案。

A【精析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了几个与做梦相关的实验研究，指出做梦可能使人们提高学习能力，故答案为 A。

【避错】文章第二段第二句提到了一个流行观点，即一旦开始梦到外语，我们就正在“掌握”这门外语。作者通过介绍科学家的发现证明这个流行观点是有一定道理的，但并不能证明做梦可以提高语言能力，故排除 B；

文章第三段提到了研究人员拍摄的一段关于睡眠障碍的视频，他们教一组有诸如梦游等症状的病人跳一连串的舞蹈动作。在梦游状态下，病人会做一些在睡眠中通常不会出现的身体动作。研究人员对受试者的睡眠过程进行了录像，发现一位女病人闭着眼睛躺在床上，做着她之前学过的舞蹈动作。由此可知，这位病人是在刻意学习了舞蹈动作以后才出现了在睡梦中做舞蹈动作的行为,而非所有梦游者都会出现这一 行为，故排除 C；

文章最后一段提到罗伯特.斯蒂克戈尔德的建议：在睡觉前学习或者在下午学习后小睡一会儿，可能会增加梦见这些材料的可能性。但并不能由此推出学习后小睡一会儿会帮助你在迷宫中找到路，故排除 D。

2020-09-01

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre .

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery.
  Trying to live up to the images of '‘perfect" models and movie heroes has a dark side, anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. It also has a financial cost. Having an eating disorder boosts annual health care costs by nearly US$ 2,000 per person.
  Why is there both external and internal pressure to look “perfect”? One reason is that society rewards people who are thin and healthy-looking. Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.
  While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question. Does a person’s own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace?
  Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.
  As in other research, women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight they think they’re heavier than they are-while men tend to under-perceive theirs.
  We found no relationship between the average person’s self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes, although self-perceived weight can influence self-esteem （自尊心）, mental health and health behaviors.
  While the continued gender penalty in the tabor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.
  Since employers’ perception of weight is what matters in the tabor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.

2020-09-01-46.—推理判断题—难—定位难，没有关键字—答案同义替换也难，image形象替换为expectation外表

46. What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?【原文：Trying to live up to the images of ''perfect" models and movie heroes has a dark side, anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain.】
    A. Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.
    B. Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.
    C. Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.
    D. Attempting to meet society’s expectation of appearance.

46.根据作者所说，什么可能会对人们产生负面影响？
A. 为了追求美而接受整形手术。 
B. 模仿英雄和榜样的生活方式。 
C. 不考虑财务成本，力求完美。
D. 试图满足社会对外表的期望。

定位：
由题干中的 adverse impact 定位到第二段第一句：Trying to live up to the images of “perfect” models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain.

详解：
推理判断题。文章第二段第一句指出，力求达到模特和电影英雄式的完美形象具有不良的影响，会导致一系列问题。 由此可见，试图满足社会对外表的期望会产生负面影响，故答案为D。

干扰项排除：
A 项中提到的整形手术只是追求完美体型的一种方式，和 D 项相比，不够全面，故排除A 项；第二段第一句只是提到力求达到模特和电影英雄式的完美形象，并未提及模仿他们的生活方式的内容，故排除 B 项；定位句只提到追求完美形象的问题，且全文都只是围绕体型进行探讨，C 项中的 perfection 意义太宽泛，与文章内容不符，故排除。

2020-09-01-47.—事实细节题—定位句同义替换，earn替换为income—答案body mass替换为body weight and shape.

47. What have researchers found out about people’s earnings?【原文：Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.】
    A. They are closely related to people’s social status.
    B. They have to do with people’s body weight and shape.
    C. They seem to matter much less to men than to women.
    D. They may not be equal to people’s contributions.

47.关于人们的收入,研究人员发现了什么?
A. 它们与人们的社会地位密切相关。
B. 它们与人的体重和体型有关。
C. 它们对男性来说似乎不如对女性重要。
D. 它们可能不等同于人们的贡献。

定位：
由题干中的 people’s earmings 定位到第三段第三句:Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income.

详解：
事实细节题。文章第三段第三句提到，研究人员发现，体重指数与工资和收人有关，由此可知，人们的收入与体重和体型有关，故答案为 B。

干扰项排除：
文章中没有提到社会地位和收人的关系，故排除 A 项；文章第三段第四、五句指出体重对女性收人的影响较男性更明显一些，并不是说收人对男性不重要，故排除 C 项；D 项中提及的贡献问题文中没有提到，故排除。

2020-09-01-48.—推理判断题—易—选项CD类似，必出一个答案，但是答案在定位句上面，不是下面

48. What does the author’s recent study focus on?【原文：While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question. Does a person’s own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace?
      Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.】
    A. Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace.
    B. Traits that matter most in one’s pursuit of success in the labor market.
    C. Whether self-perception of body image impacts one’s workplace success.
    D. How bosses’ perception of body image impacts employees’ advancement.

48.作者最近的研究重点是什么?
A. 先前关于职场竞争力指标的文献。
B. 职场上追求成功最重要的品质。
C. 对身体形象的自我认知是否会影响一个人的职场成功。
D. 老板对身体形象的认知如何影响员工的进步。

定位：
由题干中的 the author’s recent study focus on定位到第五段：Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.

详解：
推理判断题。文章第五段指出，作者团队最近公布的研究回答了这个问题，因此应从上一段找出这个问题是什么。显然，第四段最后一句就是作者的研究重点，即一个人对自己身体形象的看法是否会影响他的收人和其他职场中成功的指标，故答案为C 。

干扰项排除：
文章第四段第一句指出，虽然研究文献清楚地表明劳动力市场的成功在一定程度上取决于雇主和顾客对你身体形象的看法，但没有人探究过这个问题的另一面，而这才是作者研究的重点，因此排除 A；B 项在文中未提及，故排除；由第四段第一句可以看出 D项所述是前人已经研究过的而非作者的研究重点，故排除。

2020-09-01-49.—事实细节题—难—干扰项A出现了定位句中几个关键词—

49. What is the finding of the author’s recent research?【原文：While the continued gender penalty in the tabor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.】
    A. Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.
    B. People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight.
    C. Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.
    D. Gender inequality continues to frustrate a lot of female employees.

49.作者最近的研究发现是什么?
A. 事实上,超重并不会对员工的总体幸福造成太大伤害。
B. 人们在工作场所不会因为对自己体重的错误认知而受到不良影响。
C. 自尊有助于防止职场中的性别不平等。
D. 性别不平等继续使许多女雇员感到沮丧。

定位：
由题干中的 finding of the author’s recent research 定位到第八段: While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.

详解：
事实细节题。文章第八段提到，尽管劳动力市场上持续存在性别歧视，但作者的研究发现，对体重的错误认知并不会对劳动者造成伤害，故答案为B 。

干扰项排除：
文中未提及超重对员工总体幸福的影响，故排除 A 项；文章第七段提到，对于体重的自我认知会形响自尊心，并未提及自尊心是否有助于防止职场中的性别不平等，故排除 C项；D 项所述是现实情况，并非作者的研究发现，故排除。

2020-09-01-50.—推理判断题—难—定位词两个词出现在A，D，但是整个句子都改动很大

50. What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?【原文：Since employers’ perception of weight is what matters in the tabor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.】
    A. Banning discrimination on the basis of employees’ body image.
    B. Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.
    C. Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.
    D. Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.

50.作者认为什么有助于改善劳动力市场的状况?
A. 禁止基于员工身体形象的歧视。
B. 扩大保护，使妇女免受性别歧视:
C. 帮助员工改变自己对美的看法。
D. 在劳动合同中把体型类别排除在外。

定位：
由题干中的 help improve the situation定位到最后一段第一句：Since employers’ perception of weight is what matters in the labor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help.

详解：
推理判断题。最后一段第一句指出，由于雇主对体重的看法是影响劳动力市场的重要因素因此修改反歧视法规，将体型加人其中作为一个类别，将会有所帮助。由此可见，禁止对员工身体形象的歧视将有助于改善现状，故答案为A 。

干扰项排除：
文章最后一段指出，要扩大保护，禁止对体重体型的歧视，并未提及性别歧视，故排除B 项；C 项文中未提及，故排除；D 项涉及劳动合同的内容，文章没有提到，故排除。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  The work-life balance is dead. By this, I’m not advocating that you should give up your pursuit of having a fulfilling career and a thriving personal life, and I’m definitely not saying that you have to give up one to have the other. I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but I’m arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it’s too limiting. You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.
  At the minimum, most of us work because we want to be able to support ourselves, our families, and the people around us. In the ideal world, we’re all doing work that we’re proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. But even if your job doesn’t give you shivers of joy each new day, working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society. When you separate work and life,it’s a little bit harder to make that connection. But when you think of work as part of a full life and a complete experience, it becomes easier to see that success in one aspect often supports another.
  Losing your balance and falling isn’t pleasant. A goal to balance suggests that things could quickly get off balance, and that causes terrible outcomes. rt’s more constructive to think of solutions that continue to evolve over shifts in life and work. Rather than falling or failing, you may have good days or better days or not-so-good days. These variations are normal, and it’s more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.
  How we talk to ourselves matters, and how we talk about issues makes a difference. Let’s bury “work-life balance” and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.

2020-09-01-51.—推理判断题—BD都有关键字fulfiiling career，但是but字后面是重点，have never been helpful替换为contribute little to.

51. What does the author suggest by saying “The work-life balance is dead”?【原文：The work-life balance is dead. By this, I’m not advocating that you should give up your pursuit of having a fulfilling career and a thriving personal life, and I’m definitely not saying that you have to give up one to have the other. I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but I’m arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it’s too limiting.】
    A. The hope of achieving a thriving life is impossible to realize.
    B. The pursuit of a fulfilling career involves personal sacrifice.
    C. The imbalance between work and life simply doesn’t exist anymore.
    D. The concept of work-life balance contributes little to a fulfilling life.

51.作者说 ”工作与生活平衡的说法已经消亡”，表明什么？
A. 实现蒸蒸日上的生活的希望是不可能实现的。
B. 对事业有成的追求涉及自我牺牲。
C. 工作和生活的失衡不再存在。
D. 工作与生活平衡的概念对充满成就的生活几乎作用不大。

【定位】
由题干中的work-life balance is dead定位到第一 段第一 句：The work-life balance is dead.

【详解】
推理判断题。文章第一 句指出，工作与生活平衡的说法已经消亡。因此，本句话的具体涵义可在下文找到， 第三句中提到平衡的概念从来没有什么帮助，因为它太局限了。选项D 中的contributes little和原文中的has never been helpful相对应 ，故答案为D。

【干扰项排除】
A 项文章未提及，故排除；第一段第二句中作者说到，我绝对不是说你必须放弃一个才能拥有另一个， 由此可见，作者并不认为事业有成需要自我牺牲，故排除B 项；C 项和题干内容矛盾，故排除。

2020-09-01-52.—事实细节题—易—同义替换—affect thinking影响思考替换为impact think影响思考

52. What does the author say about our use of language?【原文：I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but I’m arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it’s too limiting. You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.】
    A. It impacts how we think and behave.
    B. It changes with the passage of time.
    C. It reflects how we communicate.
    D. It differs from person to person.

52.作者如何看待我们对语言的使用？
A 它影响我们如何思考和行动。 
B 它随着时间推移而改变。 
C 它反映我们如何交流。
D 它因人而异。

【定位】
由题干中的language定位到第一段末句： You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章第一段末句提到，我们的语言很重要，我们如何谈及事物很重要，因为它影响我们的思维和行动，故答案为 A。

【干扰项排除】
B、C、D三项在文中均未提及，故排除。

2020-09-01-53.—事实细节题—出现两个类似的选项，优先看—哦吼，但是这题不是，but字后面是重点，留意not挖坑点

53. What does the author say we do in an ideal world?【原文：In the ideal world, we’re all doing work that we’re proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. But even if your job doesn’t give you shivers of joy each new day, working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society.】
    A. We do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.
    B. We do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.
    C. We do meaningful work that contributes to society.
    D. We do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.

53.作者如何看待我们在理想世界中做的事？
A 我们的工作是改善我们的家人和朋友的生活的。
B 我们所做的工作让我们每个新的一天都充满欢乐。
C 我们做一些对社会有意义的工作。
D 我们做要求高的工作，充分发挥我们的能力。

【定位】
由题干中的in an ideal world定位到第二段第二句：In the ideal world, we’re all doing work that we’re proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章第二段第二句指出，在理想的世界里，我们都在做我们引以为豪的工作，这些工作为我们提供意义和目标。下文由 but 引出的句子对意义进行进一步解释，即工作也是我们每个人所做的事情的一部分，也是我们对社会所做贡献的一部分，故答案为 C。

【干扰项排除】
A 项中提到改善家人和朋友的生活，可对应文章第二段第一句，但此处是对现实生活的描述，而非理想状况，因此排除A 项；第二段第三句前半句提到，即使你的工作并没有让你在新的一天里开心到抖动起来，说明我们的工作并不能让我们每天都快乐，故排除B 项；D 项文章未提及，故排除。

2020-09-01-54.—事实细节题—定位处同义替换say about life替换为think of life

54. What does the author say about life?【原文：These variations are normal, and it’s more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.】
    A. It is cyclical.
    B. It is dynamic.
    C. It is fulfilling.
    D. It is risky.

54.作者是如何看待生活的？
A 它是循环的。 
B 它是动态的。 
C 它是充实的。
D 它是冒险的。

【定位】
由题干中的say about life定位到文章第三段末句：These variations are normal, and it’s more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.

【详解】
事实细节题。定位句中的think of life as对应题干中的say about life, evolving and changing 意为 “进化和 改变”，其意义和选项 B 中的dynamic"动态的“对应，故答案为 B。

【干扰项排除】
A 项文中未提及，故排除；C 项中的fulfilling出现在文中第一 段，意为 “有成就感的，令人满意的"'形容事业有成，和生活无关，也并非作者的主观观点，故排除C项；
D 项中的risky可对应定位句中的high-risk，但其出现在rather than之后，说明这是作者不认同的观点，故排除D项 。

2020-09-01-55.—事实细节题—难—定位处同义替换，advise do建议做替换为Let让去做—答案同义替换难，容易误选C

55. What does the author advise us to do?【原文：Let’s bury “work-life balance” and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.】
    A. Make life as simple as possible.
    B. Talk about balance in simpler terms.
    C. Balance life and work in a new way.
    D. Strive for a more fulfilling life.

55.作者建议我们做什么？
A. 让生活尽可能地简单化 。 
B. 用更简单的术语来谈论平衡。 
C. 用一种新的方式来平衡工作和生活。
D. 为一种更令人满意的生活而奋斗。

【定位】
由题干中的advise 定位到最后一 段第二句：Let’s bury “work-life balance” and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.

【详解】
事实细节题。定位句指出，让我们埋葬“ 工作与生活平衡 ” 的想法，从大处着眼，更好地思考如何让工作和生活充实起来，少做一点平衡，多感受生活，选项D 中的fulfilling 对应定位句中的fulfillment，故答案为D。

2020-09-02

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  When is cleaning walls a crime? When you’re doing it to create art, obviously. A number of street artists around the world have started expressing themselves through a practice known as reverse graffiti （涂鸦）. They find dirty surfaces and paint them with images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses (高压水管）. Either way, it’s the same principle: the image is made by cleaning away the dirt. Each artist has their own individual style but all artists share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollution in our cities. The UK’s Paul Curtis, better known as Moose, operates around Leeds and London and has been commissioned by a number of companies to make reverse graffiti advertisements.
  Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo’s transport tunnels into an amazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt. Made up of a series of white skulls (颅骨），the painting reminds drivers of the effect their pollution is having on the planet. “Every motoristsits in the comfort of their car, but they don’t give any consideration to the price their comfort has for the environment and consequently for themselves,” says Orion.
  The anti-pollution message of the reverse graffiti artists confuses city authorities since the main argument against graffiti is that it spoils the appearance of both types of property: public and private. This was what Leeds City Council said about Moose’s work: “Leeds residents want to live in clean and attractive neighbourhoods. We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it.” Moose was ordered to “clean up his act.” How was he supposed to do this: by making all property he had cleaned dirty again?
  As for the Brazilian artist’s work, the authorities were annoyed but could find nothing to charge him with. They had no other option but to clean the tunnel but only the parts Alexandre had already cleaned.The artist merely continued his campaign on the other side. The city officials then decided to take drastic action. They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.

2020-09-02-46.—事实细节题—难—干扰项A出现关键字多易错选，正确答案D需读懂

46. What do we learn from the passage about reverse graffiti?【原文：A number of street artists around the world have started expressing themselves through a practice known as reverse graffiti （涂鸦）. They find dirty surfaces and paint them with images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses (高压水管）. Either way, it’s the same principle: the image is made by cleaning away the dirt. 】
    A. It uses paint to create anti-pollution images.
    B. It creates a lot of trouble for local residents.
    C. It causes lots of distraction to drivers.
    D. It turns dirty walls into artistic works.

46.关于反向涂鸦,我们能从本文中了解到什么?
A. 它使用颜料来创作反对污染的图案。
B. 它给当地市民造成了很多困扰。
C. 它使司机分散了很多注意力。
D. 它把肮脏的墙变成了艺术作品。

【定位】
由题干中的 reverse graffiti 定位到首段第四、五句：They fnd dirty surfaces and paint them with images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses (高压水管). Either way, it’s the sarne principle: the image is made by cleaning away the dirt.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章首段第四、五句指出，他们找到一些有污垢的墙面，然后用清洁刷或高压水管在上面画上图像或文字。不管用哪种方式，原则是一样的：这个图像是通过擦去污垢来画上的。由此可知反向涂鸦肮脏的墙变成了艺术作品，故答案为 D。

【干扰项排除】
首段第四句提到，街头艺术家找到一些有污垢的墙面，然后用清洁刷或高压水管在上面画上图像或文字，而非颜料，故排除 A 项；首段第六句提到，所有的画家都有一个共同的目的：提醒人们注意我们城市里的污染。而非给当地市面造成困扰，故排除B 项；文章第二段提及一条交通隧道里创造的反向涂鸦壁画旨在提醒司机他们的污染对地球造成的形响，但这并不能说明反向涂鸦会分散司机的注意力，故排除 C 项。

2020-09-02-47.—事实细节题—易—同义替换—draw attention to the pollution注意污染替代为raise … awareness … pollution提高污染意识

47. What do reverse graffiti artists try to do?【原文：Each artist has their own individual style but all artists share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollution in our cities.】
    A. Publicise their artistic pursuit.
    B. Beautify the city environment.
    C. Raise public awareness of environmental pollution.
    D. Express their dissatisfaction with local governments.

47.反向涂鸦艺术家想要做什么?
A. 宣传他们的艺术追求。
B. 美化城市环境。
C. 提高公众对于环境污染的意识。
D. 表达他们对于当地政府的不满。

定位：
由题干中的reverse graffiti artists定位到第一段第六句：Each artist has their own individual style but all artissts share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollution in our cities.

详解：
事实细节题。文章首段第六句提到，所有的画家都有一个共同的目的：提醒人们注意我们城市里的污染。由此可知，反向涂鸦艺术家想提高公众对于环境污染的意识，故答案为 C。

干扰项排除：
A项文中没有提及，故排除；B 项反向涂鸦虽然产生美化城市的结果，这并非是反向涂鸦艺术家的目的，故排除；D 项文中没有提及，故排除。

2020-09-02-48.—推理判断题—易—同义替换—transport tunnel into … painting替代为chose tunnel to do … art.

48. What do we learn about Brazilian artist Alexandre Orion?【原文：Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo’s transport tunnels into an amazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt.】
    A. He was good at painting white skulls.
    B. He chose tunnels to do his graffiti art.
    C. He suggested banning all polluting cars.
    D. He was fond of doing creative artworks.

48.关于巴西艺术家亚历山大·奥利恩我们了解到了什么?
A. 他擅长画白色的颅骨。
B. 他选择了在隧道创作他的涂鸦艺术。
C. 他建议禁止所有污染环境的汽车。
D. 他喜欢创作艺术作品。

定位：
由题干中的 Brazilian artist Alexandre Orion 定位到第二段第一句：Brazilian artist,Alexan dre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo’s transport tunnels into an amnazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt.

详解：
推理判断题。文章第二段第一句指出,巴西艺术家亚历山大·奥利恩，在 2006 时通过清除灰尘圣保罗的一条交通隧道变成了一副令人惊叹的壁画。由此可见,亚历山大·奥利恩他选择了在隧道来创作他的涂鸦艺术。故答案为B。

干扰项排除：本段第二句指出亚历山大·奥利恩创造的反向涂鸦是由一系列的白色头骨构成的画。根据此信息无法推出亚历山大·奥利恩擅长画白色的颅骨，故排除 A；本段最后一句话指出，奥利思说，每一位汽车驾驶员舒服地坐在他们的车里，但是他们没有丝毫考虑到他们的舒适给环境以及从而给他们自身带来的代价。奥利恩确实提倡司机要注意到环境污染问题，但根据本句话，无法推出奥利恩建议禁止所有污染环境的汽车，C 为过度推理，故排除；本段只是指出亚历山大·奥利恩创造的反向涂鸦是由一系列的白色头骨构成的画。无法推断他喜欢创作艺术作品，D为过度推理，故排除。

2020-09-02-49.—观点态度题—需要背诵关于态度方面的单词，不然不会选

49. What does the author imply about Leeds City Council’s decision?【原文：This was what Leeds City Council said about Moose’s work: “Leeds residents want to live in clean and attractive neighbourhoods. We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it.” Moose was ordered to “clean up his act.” How was he supposed to do this: by making all property he had cleaned dirty again?】
    A. It is simply absurd.
    B. It is well-informed.
    C. It is rather unexpected.
    D. It is quite sensible.

19.关于利兹市政府的决定作者暗示了什么?
A.很荒谬。
B.非常有见地。
C.很出人意料。
D.非常明智。

定位：
由题干中的 Leeds City Council’s decision 定位到第三段第二、三、四、五句：This was what Leeds City Council said about Moose’s work : “Leeds residents want to live in clean and attractive neighbourhoods, We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it. " Moose was ordered to " clean up his act, " fow was he supposed to do this ; by making all prperty he had cleaned dirty again?

详解：
观点态度题。第三段第二至五句提到,利兹市政府对于“麇鹿”(Moose)的作品的评价“：利兹市民想要生活在干净和有魅力的社区里。我们认为这种广告是一种对环境的破坏，我们会采取强硬措施来抵制它。“麇鹿”(Moose)被要求“清除他的作品"。他该怎么做呢，要把他清理的墙壁再弄脏吗?由此可见，对于已经创造好的反向涂鸦作品，无法再清除，故作者对于利兹市政府的决定很荒谬，故答案为 A。

干扰项排除：
根据定位句，同时排除其他选项。

2020-09-02-50.—难—推理判断题—干扰项A出现多个关键词—需要从“clean the whole tunnel”推理出“impossible for… 阻止他”

50. How did Sao Paulo city officials handle Alexandre Orion’s reverse graffiti?【原文：The artist merely continued his campaign on the other side. The city officials then decided to take drastic action. They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.】
    A. They made him clean all the tunnels in Sao Paulo.
    B. They took drastic action to ban all reverse graffiti.
    C. They charged him with polluting tunnels in the city.
    D. They made it impossible for him to practice his art.

50.圣保罗市官员是如何处理亚历山大，奥利恩的反向涂鸦的?
A.他们让他清理了圣保罗的所有隧道。
B.他们采取了强硬措施禁止所有的反向涂鸦。 
C.他们控告他污染了城市里的隧道。
D.他们让他不能继续他的艺术。

定位：
由题干中的 Sao Paulo city officials 定位到最后一段最后一句：They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.

详解：
推理判断题。最后一段最后一句指出，圣保罗的官员决定不仅清理了整个隧道，而且把圣保罗的每一条隧道都清理了。由此可知，隧道清理干净了，奥利恩就无法在隧道进行反向涂鸦创造了。圣保罗的官员让奥利恩不能继续他的艺术，故答案为 D。

干扰项排除：
最后一段第二句指出，官员没有别的选择，只能把隧道清理了但也只是清理了亚历山大已经清理的那一部分。而非让亚历山大自己亲自去清理，故排除A；最后一段倒数第二句指出，市政府官员决定采取强硬措施(drastc acton)，即清理了该市所有的隧道，而非禁止反向涂鸦创作，故排除 B；最后一段第一句指出，对于那位巴西艺术家的作品，当局非常恼怒，但是找不到任何理由向他提出控告，故排除 C。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  The practice of paying children an allowance became popular in America about 100 years ago. Nowadays, American kids on average receive about $ 800 per year in allowance. But the vast majority of American parents who pay allowance tie it to the completion of housework. Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concern that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal. In fact, the way chores work in many households worldwide points to another way.
  Suniya Luthar, a psychologist, is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. Kids should do chores, he writes, "for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensatIon. "
  This argument has its critics, but considering the way chores are undertaken around the world may change people’s thinking. Professor David Lancy of Utah State University has studied how families around the world handle chores. At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase. And they do these tasks without payment. Lancy contrasts this with what happens in America. “We deny our children’s bids to help until they are 6 or 7 years old,” Lancy says, "when many have lost the desire to help and then try to motivate them with payment. The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as an incentive to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it. "

2020-09-02-51.—事实细节题—易—CD选项类似+简单同义替换—not be ideal不理想替换为no turn to be the best thing。

51. What do some experts think about paying children for doing chores?【原文：Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concern that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal. 】
    A. It may benefit children in more ways than one.
    B. It may help children learn the worth of labor.
    C. It may not turn out to be the best thing to do.
    D. It may not be accepted by low-income parents.

51.专家是怎么者待给孩子钱让他们做家务的?
A. 它给孩子的益处不止一种。
B. 它能帮助孩子学会劳动的价值。
C. 它可能不是最好的办法。
D. 它可能不会被低收人父母接纳。

【定位】
由题干中的 paying children for doing chores 定位到首段第四句:Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concer that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章首段第四句指出，虽然很多父母认为因为完成家务活而给孩子零用钱对他们的孩子来说是有益的，很多专家担心把零用钱和做家务联系地太紧密了可能不是很理想。由此可知，专家认为给孩子钱让他们做家务可能不是最好的办法。故答案为C。题干中的the best thing 对应原文中的 ideal。

【干扰项排除】
首段第四句提到，很多父母认为因为完成家务活而给孩子零用钱对他们的孩子来说是有益的，而非专家的看法，故排除 A 项；首段第三句提到大多数美国家长给孩子零用钱会把它和完成家务活联系在一起。但并未指出专家认为这样会让孩子懂得劳动的价值，故排除 B 项；原文并未提及低收人家庭，故排除 D 项。

2020-09-02-52.—事实细节题—两个but不出考题可惜了，协助定位—答案在第二个but，keep the household running替换为share family responsibilities.

52. According to Suniya Luthar, doing chores will help children learn to _____【原文：Suniya Luthar, a psychologist, is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. 】 .
    A. share family responsibilities
    B. appreciate the value of work
    C. cultivate the spmt of independence
    D. manage domestic affairs themselves

52.根据苏妮娅·卢瑟的说法，做家务能帮孩子学会
A 分担家庭责任
B 领会工作的价值
C 培养独立精神
D 自己管理家庭事务

【定位】
由题干中的 Suniya Luthar 定位到第二段第一、二句：Suniya Luthar,a psychologist,is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章第二段第一、二句提到，心理学家苏妮娅·卢瑟反对因为做家务而给孩子钱。卢瑟不反对给孩子零用钱，但是她认为应该明确不是因为能得到钱而做家务，而是因为做家务才能让一个家庭正常运转。由此可知，苏妮娅·卢瑟认为做家务能帮孩子学会分担家庭责任，故答案为 A。

【干扰项排除】
B 项文中没有提及，故排除；本段第三句指出，卢瑟建议的获取零用钱的方法与作家罗恩·利伯一致。罗恩·利伯建议零用钱被用作一种向孩子展示如何节省、给予和花在在乎的东西上的方法。根据此句话,无法推断出做家务可培养孩子的独立精神，故排除 C项；
第二段第二句指出，卢瑟不反对给孩子零用钱，但是她认为应该明确不是因为能得到钱而做家务，而是因为做家务才能让一个家庭正常运转。但并未提及做家务可令自己管理家庭事务，D 项为过度推理，故排除。

2020-09-02-53.—推理判断题—定位后优先看特殊词，比如此处的因果词because，但是此题不是，答案紧接在定位词后面。

53. What does Ron Lieber think should be the goal of giving children allowances?【原文：Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. Kids should do chores, he writes, "for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensation. "】
    A. To help to strengthen family ties.
    B. To teach them how to manage money.
    C. To motivate them to do more housework.
    D. To show parents’ appreciation of their help.

53.罗恩.利伯认为给孩子零用钱的目的应该是什么?
A. 帮助加强家庭纽带。
B. 教会他们如何管理金钱。
C. 激励他们做更多的家务。
D. 表达父母对他们的帮忙的感激。

【定位】
由题干中的 Ron Lieber 定位到第二段第三、四句：Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. Kids should do chores.he writes , "for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensation.

【详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段第三、四句指出罗恩·利伯建议零用钱被用作一种向孩子展示如何节省、给予和花在在乎的东西上的方法。孩子们应该做家务，他写道:"和成人的理由一样，因为家务应该做，而不是为了期望得到补偿。”由此可见,罗恩·利伯认为零花钱教会孩子如何管理金钱，故答案为 B。

【干扰项排除】
罗恩，利伯并未提及有关零花钱可增强家庭纽带，故排除 A；本段第四句指出，罗恩·利伯认为孩子们应该做家务，他写道：“和成人的理由一样，因为家务应该做。”但并未指出零花钱可激励孩子做更多的家务，C 为过度推理，故排除； D 项原文并未提及，故排除。

2020-09-02-54.—推理判断题—定位后优先看特殊词，比如此处的转折词but，但是此题不是，答案紧接在定位词后面。—eager to help parent渴望帮助父母替换为help around the house在家里帮忙。

54. What does David Lancy say about 18-month-olds?【原文：At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase. And they do these tasks without payment.】
    A. They have a natural instinct to help around the house.
    B. They are too young to request money for what they do.
    C. They should learn to understand family responsibilities.
    D. They need a little incentive to get involved in housework.

54.大卫·兰西说 18 个月的孩子会怎么样?
A. 他们本能地想在家里帮忙。
B. 他们太小了不能因为做了什么而要钱。
C. 他们应该学会理解家庭责任。
D. 他们需要一点动力来参与家务。

【定位】
由题干中的 David Lancy 和 18-month-olds 定位到第三段第三、四句: At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase.

【详解】
推理判断题。第三段第三句提到，在大约 18 个月的时候，兰西说，大多数孩子会渴望帮助父母。由此可见，18个月的大的孩子本能地想在家里帮忙。故答案为A。

【干扰项排除】
兰西并未提及18 个月的大的孩子太小了不能因为做了什么而要钱，故排除 B；本段第四句指出在很多文化中，孩子也在 18 个月大就从很简单的任务开始，但是他们的责任会逐渐增长兰西并米提及 18 个月的大的孩子就应该学会理解家庭责任，故排除 C；
本段第七、八句指出，在美国，直到孩子六七岁，失去了帮忙的意愿，家长再以报酬的方法来刺激他们，这个并非针对 18 个月孩子的做法，故排除 D 。

2020-09-02-55.—推理判断题—AC选项类似，优先看，但是此题不是，答案紧接在定位词后面。—deny bid会导致lost desire和problem，所以要accept bid.

55. What does David Lancy advise American parents to do?【原文：Lancy contrasts this with what happens in America. “We deny our children’s bids to help until they are 6 or 7 years old,” Lancy says, "when many have lost the desire to help and then try to motivate them with payment. The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as an incentive to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it. "】
    A. Set a good example for children in doing housework.
    B. Make children do housework without compensation.
    C. Teach children how to do housework.
    D. Accept children’s early bids to help.

55.大卫·兰西建议美国父母怎么做?
A. 在做家务方面给孩子树立好榜样。
B. 让孩子无偿做家务。
C. 教孩子如何做家务。
D. 接受孩子早期想帮忙的尝试。

【定位】
由题干中的 David Lancy 和 advise 定位到第三段最后一句:The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as an incentive to do housework, but to get children involve in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it."

【详解】
推理判断题。最后一段最后一句指出，兰西认为不要用钱来作为做家务的动力，而是在孩子真的想做家务的时候，让孩子更早地参与其中。由此可知，兰西认为美国家长应接受孩子早期想帮忙的尝试，故答案为 D。

【干扰项排除】
原文并未提及美国父母在做家务方面给孩子树立好榜样，故排除 A；最后一段最后一句指出，兰西认为这个问题解决的方法不是企图用钱来作为做家务的动力，而是让孩子更早地参与家务，在他们真的想做的时候，而非让孩子无偿做家务，B曲解了本话，故排除B；C 项并未提及，故排除。

2020-12-01

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Three children in every classroom have a diagnosable mental health condition. Half of these are behavioural disorders, while one third are emotional disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression, which often become outwardly apparent through self-harm. There was an astonishing 52 per cent jump in hospital admissions for children and young people who had harmed themselves between 2009 and 2015.
  Schools and teachers have consistently reported the scale of the problem since 2009. Last year, over half of teachers reported that more of. their pupils experience mental health problems than in the past. But teachers also consistently report how ill-equipped they feel to meet pupils’ mental health needs, and often cite a lack of training, expertise and support from the National Health Service (英国国家医疗服务体系) .【可以先把转折“But”圈出来，常出题处】
  Part of the reason for the increased pressure on schools is that there are now fewer ’ early intervention (干预) ’ and low-level mental health services based in the community. Cuts to local authority budgets since 2010 have resulted in a significant decline of these services, despite strong evidence of their effectiveness in preventing crises further down the line.
  The only way to break the pressures on both mental health services and schools is to reinvest in early intervention services inside schools.
  There are strong arguments for why schools are best placed to provide mental health services. Schools see young people more than any other service, which gives them a unique ability to get to hard-to-reach children and young people and build meaningful relationships with them over time. Recent studies have shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment. Young people have reported that for low-level conditions such as stress and anxiety,a clinical setting can sometimes be daunting (令人却步的) .
  There are already,examples of innovative schools which combine mental health and wellbeing provision with a strong academic curriculum.This will, though, require a huge cultural shift. Politicians, policymakers, commissioners and school leaders must be brave enough to make the leap towards reimagining schools as providers of health as well as education services.

  每个教室都有三个孩子被诊断出有心理健康问题。其中一半是行为障碍，而三分之一是情绪障碍， 如紧张、焦虑和抑郁，这些症状往往通过自残变得从表面上看很明显。2009年至2015年间，孩子和年轻 人因自残而住院的人数猛增了52%,令人吃惊。
  自2009年以来，学校和老师一直在报告这个问题的严重程度。去年，超过半数的老师报告说，有心理健康问题的学生比过去更多。(46)但是，老师们也经常报告他们感觉自己在满足学生的心理健康需求方面能力欠缺，并且经常提到缺乏英国国家医疗服务体系的培训、专业知识和支持。
  学校压力增大的部分原因是，现在社区的“早期干预”和初级心理健康服务越来越少。(47)尽管有强有力的证据表明这些服务在防止危机进一步恶化方面是有效的，但自2010年以来，地方政府预算的削减导致了这些服务的大幅下降。
  减轻心理卫生服务和学校压力的唯一方法是重新投资学校内部的早期干预服务。
  对于为什么学校最适合提供心理健康服务，有强有力的论据。学校比其他任何公共服务系统都更关注年轻人，这使它们拥有一种独特的能力去接触难以接触的儿童和年轻人，并逐渐与他们建立有意义的关系。(48)(49)最近的研究表明，儿童和年轻人在很大程度上更喜欢在学校里找辅导员，而不是在校外。(49) 年轻人报告说，对于压力和焦虑等初级状况，临床环境有时会令人望而生畏。
  已经有一些创新学校的例子，它们将心理健康和福利保障与强大的学术课程相结合。(50)不过，这将需要巨大的文化转变。政治家、政策制定者、部长和学校领导必须有足够的勇气，向着将学校重新塑造为健康和教育服务提供者的方向飞跃。

2020-12-01-46.—细节辨认题—易—mental health need替换为mental problem

46. What are teachers complaining about?【原文：But teachers also consistently report how ill-equipped they feel to meet pupils’ mental health needs, and often cite a lack of training, expertise and support from the National Health Service (英国国家医疗服务体系) .】
    A. There are too many students requiring special attention.
    B. They are under too much stress counselling needy students.
    C. Schools are inadequately equipped to implement any intervention.
    D. They lack the necessary resources to address pupils’mental problems.

46. 老师们在抱怨什么？
A.需要特别关照的学生太多了。
B.他们压力太大辅导贫困生。
C.学校没有足够的设备来实施任何干预。
D.他们缺乏必要的资源来解决学生的心理问题。

46.【定位】由题干中的teachers 和 complaining 定位到第二段最后一句。

D【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，老师们也经常报告他们感觉自己在满足学生的心理健康需求方面能力欠缺，并且经常提到缺乏英国国家医疗服务体系的培训、专业知识和支持。由此可见，老师们抱怨的是他们缺乏解决学生心理问题的必要资源，故答案为D “他们缺乏解决学生心理问题的必要资源”。

【避错】第二段第二句提到，去年，超过半数的老师报告说，有心理健康问题的学生比过去更多。并不是需要特别关注的学生数量多，故排除A “有太多需要特别关注的学生”。第二段第三句提到，老师们在满足学生的心理健康需求方面能力欠缺，在解决学生心理问题方面缺少必要资源，但并未提到老师在辅导需要关爱的学生方面压力太大，故排除B “他们在辅导需要关爱的学生方面承受了太大的压力”。第三、四段提到，学校在帮助学生应对心理健康问题方面压力增大，应加强学校内部的早期干预服务。换言之，学校可以通过实施干预措施来帮助学生，并非没有能力采取任何措施，故排除C “学校没有足够的能力来实施任何干预措施”。

2020-12-01-47.—推理判断题—易—同义替换—cut to local authority budget削减本地财政预算替换为budget cuts预算削减

47. What do we learn from the passage about community health services in Britain?【原文：Part of the reason for the increased pressure on schools is that there are now fewer ’ early intervention (干预) ’ and low-level mental health services based in the community. Cuts to local authority budgets since 2010 have resulted in a significant decline of these services, despite strong evidence of their effectiveness in preventing crises further down the line.】
    A. They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.,
    B. They facilitate local residents’ everyday lives.
    C. They prove ineffective in helping mental patients.
    D. They cover preventative care for the local residents.

47. 关于英国的社区卫生服务，我们从文章中学到了什么？
A.由于预算削减，情况恶化了。
B.他们为当地居民的日常生活提供了便利。
C.他们在帮助精神病人方面被证明是无效的。
D.他们为当地居民提供预防保健。

47.【定位】由题干中的community health services定位到第三段。

A【精析】推理判断题。定位段第一句提到，现在社区的“早期干预”和初级心理健康服务越来越少，接下来在第二句分析了原因，自2010年以来，地方政府预算的削减导致了这些服务的大幅下降， 故答案为A “由于预算削减，它们情况恶化了”。

【避错】定位段提到这些服务在帮助学校应对学生心理健康问题方面的重要作用，但并未提及社区卫生服务对当地居民的影响，故排除 B “它们方便了当地居民的日常生活”。定位段第二句提到，有强有力的证据表明这些服务在帮助应对学生心理健康问题上有效，故排除C“事实证明，它们在帮助有心理问题的病人方面是无效的”。文中没有提到社区卫生服务对当地居民的预防性护理， 故排除D。

2020-12-01-48.—细节辨认题—定位句离答案好远，比较难找—比较词rather圈出来，可能出题

48. Where does the author suggest mental health services be placed?【原文：There are strong arguments for why schools are best placed to provide mental health services. Schools see young people more than any other service, which gives them a unique ability to get to hard-to-reach children and young people and build meaningful relationships with them over time. Recent studies have shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment. Young people have reported that for low-level conditions such as stress and anxiety,a clinical setting can sometimes be daunting (令人却步的) .】【比较词rather圈出来，可能出题】
    A. At home.
    B. At school.
    C. In hospitals.
    D. In communities.

48. 提交人建议把精神卫生服务放在哪里？
A.在家里。
B.在学校。
C.在医院。
D.在社区中。

48.【定位】由题干中的mental health services 和 be placed 定位到第五段倒数第二句。

B 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，最近的研究表明，儿童和年轻人在很大程度上更喜欢在学校里找辅导员，而不是在校外，故答案为B。

【避错】文章第五段最后两句指出，比起在校外，孩子和年轻人在很大程度上更喜欢在学校里看到辅导员。年轻人报告说，对于压力和焦虑等初级状况，临床环境有时会令人望而生畏。由此可知，青少年更喜欢在学校接受心理辅导，故可以排除A 、C和D 三项。

2020-12-01-49.—推理判断题—定位句是“rather than而不是”那一句，A rahter than B，A而不是B，A是重点—see a counsellor in school替换为seek counselling in school

49. What do we learn from the recent studies?【原文：There are strong arguments for why schools are best placed to provide mental health services. Schools see young people more than any other service, which gives them a unique ability to get to hard-to-reach children and young people and build meaningful relationships with them over time.Recent studies have shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment. Young people have reported that for low-level conditions such as stress and anxiety,a clinical setting can sometimes be daunting (令人却步的) .】
    A. Students prefer to rely on peers to relieve stress and anxiety.
    B. Young people are keen on building meaningful relationships.
    C. Students are more comfortable seeking counselling in school.
    D. Young people benefit from various kinds of outdoor activities.

49. 我们从最近的研究中学到了什么？，
A.学生更喜欢依靠同伴来缓解压力和焦虑。
B.年轻人热衷于建立有意义的关系。
C.学生更愿意在学校寻求咨询。
D.年轻人受益于各种户外活动。

49.【定位】由题干中的 recent studies定位到第五段最后两句。

C【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，最近的研究表明，儿童和年轻人在很大程度上更喜欢在学校里找辅导员，而不是在校外。年轻人报告说，对于压力和焦虑等初级状况，临床环境有时会令人望而生畏。由此可知，青少年在学校环境下接受心理辅导会感到更自在，故答案为C。

【避错】定位句提到，学生更喜欢在学校接受心理辅导，并未提及他们是否更喜欢依靠同龄人来缓解压力和焦虑，故排除A “学生更喜欢依靠同龄人来缓解压力和焦虑”。第五段第二句提到，学校比其他任何公共服务系统都更关注年轻人，这使它们拥有一种独特的能力去接触难以接触的儿童和年轻人，并逐渐与他们建立有意义的关系。此处指学校与年轻人建立有意义的关系，而非年轻人热衷于建立有意义的关系，故排除B “年轻人热衷于建立有意义的关 系”。文中并未提及D “年轻人从各种户外活动中受益”，故排除。

2020-12-01-50.—语义理解题—选出现最多的“school”【狗头】

50. What does the author mean by a cultural shift (Line 2, Para. 6)?【原文：There are already,examples of innovative schools which combine mental health and wellbeing provision with a strong academic curriculum.This will, though, require a huge cultural shift. Politicians, policymakers, commissioners and school leaders must be brave enough to make the leap towards reimagining schools as providers of health as well as education services.】
    A. Simplification of schools’ academic curriculums.
    B. Parents’ involvement in schools’ policy-making.
    C. A change in teachers’attitudes to mental health.
    D. A change in the conception of what schools are.

50. 作者所说的文化转变是什么意思（第二行，第6段）？
A.简化学校的学术课程。
B.家长参与学校政策制定。
C.教师对心理健康态度的改变。
D.学校概念的改变。

50.【定位】由题干中的a cultural shift和 Para.6 定位到最后一段。

D【精析】语义理解题。定位段第二句指出，这将需要巨大的文化转变。第三句接着对“文化转变”作出了阐释：政治家、政策制定者、部长和学校领导必须足够勇敢，向着将学校重新塑造为健康和教育服务提供者的方向飞跃。由此可知，这种文化转变是将学校重新塑造为健康和教育服务提供者，故答案为D“对学校观念的转变”。

【避错】定位段第一句指出，已经有一些创新学校将心理健康和福利保障与强大的学术课程相结合，并不是简化课程，故排除A “简化学校的学术课程”。文中并未提及家长该如何做，故排除 B“家长参与学校决策”。定位段第三句指出，政治家、政策制定者、部长和学校领导必须足够勇敢，向着将学校重新塑造为健康和教育服务提供者的方向飞跃。
由此可知，这种文化转变是将学校重新塑造为健康和教育服务提供者，而不是老师对心理健康态度的转变，故排除 C“老师对心理健康态度的转变”。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  Picture this: You’re at a movie theater food stand loading upon snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is $ 3. 50 and the large is $ 5. 50. It’s a tough decision: The small size may not last you through the whole movie, but $ 5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But there’s a third option, a medium soda for $ 5. 25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more. If you’re like most people, you end up buying the large (and taking a bathroom break midshow).
  If you’re wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. In fact, there’s a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.
  I have written about this peculiarity in human nature before with my friend Dan Ariely, who studied this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions (订阅) to The Economist. The digital subscription was $59, the print subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price, so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two “real” choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. But the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option.
  Brain scientists call this effect “asymmetric dominance” and it means that people gravitate toward the choice nearest a clearly inferior option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly easier to remember. Lucky for consumers, almost no one in the business community understands it.
  The decoy effect works because of the way our brains. assign value when making choices.Value is almost never absolute;rather, we decide an object’s value relative to our other choices. If more options are introduced, the value equation changes.

2020-12-01-51.—推理判断题—定位到第一段一句，发现很多but，疯狂转折，足够peculiar奇特

51. Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food in the movie theater?【原文：Picture this: You’re at a movie theater food stand loading upon snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is $ 3. 50 and the large is $ 5. 50. It’s a tough decision: The small size may not last you through the whole movie, but $ 5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But there’s a third option, a medium soda for $ 5. 25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more. If you’re like most people, you end up buying the large (and taking a bathroom break midshow).】
    A. To illustrate people’s peculiar shopping behavior.
    B. To illustrate the increasing variety of snacks there.
    C. To show how hard it can be to choose a drink there.
    D. To show how popular snacks are among movie fans.

51. 为什么作者让我们想象在电影院买食物？
A.为了说明人们奇特的购物行为。
B.为了说明那里小吃的种类越来越多。
C.为了表明在那里选择饮料有多难。
D.为了显示小吃在影迷中有多受欢迎。

51.【定位】由题干中的buying food in the movie theater 定位到第一段第一句。

A
【精析】推理判断题。定位段描写了一个场景：人们在电影院购买汽水时，一般都会选择比中杯稍贵的大杯；第二段接着分析中杯的汽水很可能是营销人员的诱饵，引诱你买大杯汽水；第三段提到作者和朋友对人性的这种独特性行为进行过研究。由此可知，作者让我们想象在电影院买食物是为了引出人们一种独特的购物行为，故答案为 A “以说明人们独特的购物行为”。

【避错】定位句让读者想象在电影院的食品台前买零食的场景，并不是为了说明电形院小吃种类越来越多，故排除 B “说明那里的小吃种类越来越多”。第一段提到，在面对大杯、中杯和小杯汽水时，大部分人都会买大杯，并没有难以做出选择，故排除 C “显示在那里选择一种饮料有多困难”第一段描写了人们在电影院购买不同型号汽水的场景，借以引出人们一种独特的购物行为，并不是为了表明小吃有多受欢迎，故排除 D “展示小吃在影迷中有多受欢迎”。

2020-12-01-52.—推理判断题—难—优先看特殊词，rather than，但是看不出来啥，定位句后面看不出什么，就看回去定位句前面。

52. Why is the medium soda priced the way it is?【原文：Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more. If you’re like most people, you end up buying the large (and taking a bathroom break midshow).
      If you’re wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. In fact, there’s a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.】
    A. To attract more customers to buy it.
    B. To show the price matches the amount.
    C. To ensure customers drink the right amount of soda.
    D. To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.

54. 为什么中杯汽水的定价是这样的？
A.为了吸引更多的顾客购买。
B.显示价格与数量相符。
C.确保顾客喝适量的苏打水。
D.让顾客相信他们买到了便宜货。

52.【定位】由题干中的 the medium soda 和 priced 定位到第二段最后一句。

D
【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，市场营销部很有可能故意以中杯汽水作为诱饵，让你更有可能购买大杯汽水而不是小杯。第一段倒数第二句提到，大杯汽水只比中杯的贵0.25美分。由此可知，之所以这样给中杯定价，是为了让消费者认为买大杯更合算，故答案为 D “为了让顾客相信他们买得很合算”。

【避错】定位句提到，市场营销部很有可能故意以中杯汽水作为诱饵，让你更有可能购买大杯汽水而不买小杯或中杯汽水，故排除 A “为了吸引更多的顾客购买中杯汽水”。第一段倒数第二句提到，大杯汽水只比中杯的贵了0.25美分，由此可知，中杯定价并不符合常理，故 B “为了显示价格配得上容量”说法错误，可排除。第一段末句提到，喝了大杯汽水后，会在电影中间上厕所，由此可知，顾客喝了过量的汽水，故排除 C “为了确保顾客饮用适量的汽水”。

2020-12-01-53.—推理判断题—难—没有关键词

53. What do we learn from Dan Ariely’s experiment?【原文：I have written about this peculiarity in human nature before with my friend Dan Ariely, who studied this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions (订阅) to The Economist. The digital subscription was $59, the print subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price, so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two “real” choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription.】
    A. Lower-priced goods attract more customers.
    B. The Economist’s promotional strategy works.
    C. The Economist’s print edition turns out to sell the best.
    D. More readers choose the digital over the print edition.

53. 我们从Dan Ariely的实验中学到了什么？
A.低价商品吸引更多顾客。
B.经济学家的促销策略奏效了。
C.《经济学人》的印刷版卖得最好。
D.更多的读者选择电子书而不是印刷版。

53.【定位】由题干中的 Dan Ariely’sexperiment定位到第三段最后两句。

B
【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，艾瑞里做了一个实验，发现当只提供两个“真实的”选项时，更多的人选择了价格较低的数字版订阅。但是不良选项的增加使人们更有可能选择更昂贵的印刷版加数字版这一选项。由此可知,在面对《经济学人》提供的三个选项时，人们更倾向于选择订阅印刷版加数字版，即《经济学人》的宜传策略奏效了，故答案为 B 。

【避错】第三段第二、三句指出，《经济学人》数字版订阅费是 59 美元，印刷版订阅费是125 美元，印刷版加数字版订阅费也是125美元。在可以用同样的价格买到印刷版加数字版的情况下，没有一个头脑正常的人会购买印刷版，由此可知，价格最低的数字版并没有吸引到更多顾客，故可以排除 A “低价商品吸引更多顾客”。定位句指出，不良选项(印刷版订阅费125美元)的增加使人们更有可能选择印刷版加数字版这一选项，由此可知，读者更倾向于选择印刷版加数字版，故可以排除 C 和 D。

2020-12-01-54.—推理判断题—同义替换—bad potion坏选项替换为trap诱骗

54. For what purpose is “the bad option” (Line 7, Para. 3) added? 【原文：But the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option.】
    A. To cater to the peculiar needs of some customers.
    B. To help customers to make more rational choices.
    C. To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.
    D. To provide customers with a greater variety of goods.

54. 添加“坏的选择”（第3段第7行）的目的是什么？
A.为了迎合一些顾客的特殊需求。
B.帮助顾客做出更理性的选择。
C.诱骗顾客购买更昂贵的商品。
D.为顾客提供更多种类的商品。

54.【定位】由题干中的the bad option和Para.3定位到第三段最后一句。

C
【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，不良选项(印刷版订阅费 125 美元)的增加使人们更有可能选择更昂贵的印刷版加数字版这一选项。由此可知，添加“不良选项”是为了诱使顾客购买价格较高的商品，故答案为 C “诱使顾客购买价格较高的商品”。

【避错】文中没有提到顾客的特殊要求，故排除A 。由定位句可知，添加不良选项是为了诱使顾客购买价格较高的商品，不是为了让顾客做出更理性的选择，也不是为了给顾客提供更多种类的商品，故排除 B “帮助客户做出更理性的选择”和D “为顾客提供更多种类的商品”。

2020-12-01-55.—细节辨认题—难—干扰项D的equation，正确选项compare隐藏太深，看不出来。

55. How do we assess the value of a commodity, according to the passage?【原文：The decoy effect works because of the way our brains. assign value when making choices.Value is almost never absolute;rather, we decide an object’s value relative to our other choices. If more options are introduced, the value equation changes.】
    A. By considering its usefulness.
    B. By comparing it with other choices.
    C. By taking its quality into account.
    D. By examining its value equation.

55. 根据文章，我们如何评估商品的价值？
A.考虑到它的有用性。
B.通过与其他选择进行比较。
C.通过考虑其质量。
D.通过检验其价值方程。

55.【定位】由题干中的the value of acommodity定位到最后一段最后两句。

B
【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，价值几乎从来不是绝对的；相反，我们是相对于其他选择来确定某一物品的价值。如果引人更多选项，则价值等式将发生变化。由此可知，我们是通过比较不同的选择来评估某一商品的价值，故答案为 B “通过与其他选择进行比较”。

【避错】由定位句可知，我们是相较于其他选择来确定某一物品的价值。如果引人更多选项，价值等式则将发生变化，而不是单独考虑其实用性、质量，故排除 A 和 C 。
D 是根据最后一段最后一句中的 value equation捏造的干扰项，但价值等式是相较于其他商品而言的，故排除。

2020-12-02

Section C

Directions： There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished stltements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Boredom has,paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London’s Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event,people flocked to talks about weather,traffic jams,and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics.
  What,exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.” But how can you quantify a person’s boredom level and compare it with someone else’s? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale,designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, developed in 2008, measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation.
  Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving,mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electricsbocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks.The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.
  But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur creativity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more inventive answers to combat boredom. A British study took these findings one step further,asking subjects to complete a creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects did a boring activity first,while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive.
  In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil,or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.

2020-12-02-46.—细节辨认题—定位容易，原词复习—答案难，同义替换难

46. When are people likely to experience boredom,according to an accepted psychological definition?【原文：What,exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.” But how can you quantify a person’s boredom level and compare it with someone else’s? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale,designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, developed in 2008, measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation.】
    A. When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.
    B. When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying.
    C. When they experience something unpleasant.
    D. When they engage in some routine activities.

46. 根据公认的心理学定义，人们什么时候容易感到无聊？
A.当他们没有机会做自己想做的事情时。
B.当他们不喜欢他们正在学习的材料时。
C.当他们经历不愉快的事情时。
D.当他们从事一些日常活动时。

46.【定位】由题干中的 accepted psychological definition 定位到第二段第二句。

A【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，一个被广泛接受的关于无聊的心理学定义是 “ 因为想参加却不能参加令人满意的活动而产生的令人不快的经历”。选项A 中的don’t have the chance to do what they want 与定位句中的wanting,but being unable,to engage 对应，故答案为A。

【避错】B “当他们不喜欢正在学习的材料”、C “当他们经历了不愉快的事情”和D “当他们参加 一些例行活动”均不符合心理学定义的内容，故排除。

2020-12-02-47.—细节辨认题—难—单词不认识

47. What does the author say boredom can lead to?【原文：Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving,mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling.】
    A. Determination.
    B. Concentration.
    C. Mental deterioration.
    D. Harmful conduct.

47. 作者说无聊会导致什么？
A.决心。
B.浓度。
C.精神退化。
D.有害行为。

47. 【定位】由题干中的 boredom can lead to 定位到第三段第一句。

D【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，无聊与一些行为问题有关，包括心不在焉地开车、漫不经心地吃零食、过度饮酒和赌博成瘾。这些行为都是不好的行为习惯，与D 项中的Harmful 表述相符，故答案为D。

【避错】文中未提及“决心”，故排除A 。B 选项中的 Concentration “注意力集中”与原文中的 inattentive 不符，故排除。过度饮酒和赌博成瘾是颓废堕落的表现，但 mental deterioration“精神颓废”并不能概括以上提到的所有行为，故排除 C。

2020-12-02-48.—细节辨认题—难—原词复现陷阱—self-administer electricsbocks自我电击替换为hurt themselves伤害自己；sit alone单独坐着替换为endure boredom忍受无聊

48. What is the finding of one team of psychologists in their experiment?【原文：One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electricsbocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes.】
    A. Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.
    B. Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.
    C. Male volunteers are more immune to the effects of boredom than females.
    D. Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.

48. 一组心理学家在他们的实验中发现了什么？
A.志愿者更喜欢看一部无聊的电影，而不是独自坐着思考。
B.许多志愿者选择伤害自己而不是忍受无聊。
C.男性志愿者比女性更不受无聊的影响。
D.许多志愿者无法忍受超过15分钟的无聊。

48.【定位】由题干中的 finding of one team of psychologists定位到第三段第三句。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，一个心理学家小组发现，三分之二的男性和四分之一的女性宁愿自我电击，也不愿独坐15分钟。由此可见，有不少志愿者宁愿自我伤害也不愿忍受无聊，故答案为B。

【避错】A 选项提到的“观看无聊的电影”是另一个研究小组的研究内容，故排除。该项研究发现，三分之二的男性和四分之一的女性宁愿自我电击，男性的比例较高，由此看出，男性更易受到无聊的影响，故排除C 。该项研究只是发现很多人在自我电击和独坐15分钟之间选择了自我伤害，并未明确说明是否无法忍受超过15分钟的无聊，故排除D。

2020-12-02-49.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—spur creativity激发创造力替换为promote creative thinking促进创造性思维。

49. Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad?【原文： But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur creativity. 】
    A. It stimulates memorization.
    B. It allows time for relaxation.
    C. It may promote creative thinking.
    D. It may facilitate independent learning.

49. 为什么作者说无聊并不全是坏事？
A.它能刺激记忆。
B.有时间放松。
C.它可以促进创造性思维。
D.它可以促进独立学习。

49.【定位】由题干中的boredom isn’t all bad 定位到第四段第一句。

C【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，无聊并不都是坏事。随后第二句具体说明无聊的好处，即无聊会促进自我反省和幻想，进而激发创造力。
C 选项与原文内容相符，故为答案。

【避错】文中并未提及无聊能提高记忆力、给人放松的时间或促进自主学习，故排除A、B、D。

2020-12-02-50.—推理判断题—定位按“题文同序原则”，第5题第五段—但是干扰项多，同义替换难—watch paint dry or water boil看着油漆变干或者水沸腾替换为Allow oneself some time to be bored给自己一些无聊的时间

50. What does the author suggest one do when faced with a challenging problem?【原文：In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil,or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.】
    A. Stop idling and think big.
    B. Unlock one’s smartphone.
    C. Look around oneself for stimulation.
    D. Allow oneself some time to be bored.

50. 当面对一个具有挑战性的问题时，作者建议我们做什么？
A.别游手好闲了，要胸怀大志。
B.解锁智能手机。
C.环顾四周寻找刺激。
D.给自己一些无聊的时间。

50.【定位】由题干中的author suggest 和题文同序原则定位到最后一段第二句。

D 【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，看着油漆变干或者水沸腾，或者至少把智能手机暂时收起来一会儿，可能会让人产生新的点子。做这些事情会让人感到无聊。由以上信息可推断，作者建议大家给自己一段无聊的时间，可能就会想出解决问题的新点子，故答案为D。

【避错】文中没有提及要告别无所事事，大胆想象，故排除A。作者建议暂时把智能手机收起来，B “开启智能手机”与作者的建议相反，故排除。文中未提及四处看看寻找灵感，故排除C。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passgage.

  Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists,and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale： every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger,both in the sense that they occupy more land and that the trees in them are bigger： What is going on?
  Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries,with the fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more land in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Now forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.
  Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high,dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding,trees simply move in; The second is government policy and subsidy. Throughout history,governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons,ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building.Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.
  The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that landis being taken out of use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees,however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.

2020-12-02-51.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—5 million hectare are lost 替换为 fast shrinking

51. What is catching environmentalists’attention nowadays?【原文：Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists,and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale： every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger,both in the sense that they occupy more land and that the trees in them are bigger： What is going on?】
    A. Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.
    B. Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
    C. Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.
    D. Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.

51. 现在是什么引起了环保主义者的注意？
A.富国正在剥夺穷国的资源。
B.许多发展中国家的森林正在迅速萎缩。
C.森林正在吞噬全世界肥沃的农田。
D.富裕国家在解决森林砍伐问题上做得很少。

51.【定位】由题干中的environmentalists’attention定位到第一段第一句。

B【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，巴西和刚果等国的森林受到了环境保护主义者的广泛关注，原因很容易理解。随后进一步指出原因是南美洲和撒哈拉以南的非洲正经历着大规模的森林砍伐，由此可知，这些发展中国家的森林面积在迅速减少，故答案为 B。

【避错】文中未提及 A“富裕国家正在抢夺贫穷国家的资源”，故排除。第三段提到在西方国家，由于某些地区放弃了种什么都长不好的农田，因此才会有树木种进来。由此可知，并非森林侵蚀了肥沃的农田，故排除 C。第三段提到森林面积增加的第二个因素是政府出于各种原因保护和推广森林，由此可知，西方富裕国家对于解决森林砍伐问题并非无作为，故排除 D。

2020-12-02-52.—细节辨认题—同义替换—that historically had rather few trees替换为used to have the lowest forest coverage

52. Which countries have the fastest forest growth?【原文：Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries,with the fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more land in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Now forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.】
    A. Those that have newly achieved independence.
    B. Those that have the greatest demand for timber.
    C. Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
    D. Those that provide enormous government subsidies.

52. 哪个国家的森林增长最快？
A.那些刚刚获得独立的国家。
B.那些对木材需求最大的国家。
C.那些曾经森林覆盖率最低的地区。
D.那些提供巨额政府补贴的。

52.【定位】由题干中的fastest forest growth定位到第二段第一句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，在几乎所有的西方国家，森林正在扩张，在历史上树木稀少的地方增长得最快。C 项中的the lowest forest coverage与定位句中的historically had rather few trees对应，故答案为 C。

【避错】第二段提到爱尔兰在 1922年独立，并不是newly achieved independence，故排除 A “刚取得独立的国家”。

文章未提及 B “对木材有最大需求的国家”，故排除。D 是根据第三段中government policy and subsidy设置的干扰，此处是指政府的政策和补贴促进了森林的扩张，但未提及这个因素和森林增长快之间的关系，故排除D “提供巨大政府补贴的国家”。

2020-12-02-53.—细节辨认题—同义替换—governments have protected and promoted替换为government’s advocacy

53. What has encouraged forest growth historically?【原文：Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high,dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding,trees simply move in; The second is government policy and subsidy. Throughout history,governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons,ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building.Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.】
    A. The government’s advocacy.
    B. The use of wood for fuel.
    C. The favourable climate.
    D. The green movement.

53. 历史上是什么促进了森林的生长？
A.政府的倡导。
B.使用木材作为燃料。
C.有利的气候。
D.绿色运动。

53.【定位】由题干中的encouraged forest growth定位到第三段第一句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，有两个因素在促进这种增长。随后内容具体阐述了这两个因素：放弃农田和政府的政策及补贴。接着第五句指出，纵观历史，政府出于各种原因保护和推广森林。由此可见，政府的倡导促进了历史上森林面积的增加，故答案为 A。

【避错】B“用木头作燃料”、C“良好的气候”、D“绿色运动”均未在文中提及，故排除。

2020-12-02-54.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—suck in carbon pollution from the air吸收空气中的碳污染替换为capability of improving air quality改善空气质量的能力

54. What accounts for our increasing desire for forests?【原文：Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.】
    A. Their unique scenic beauty.
    B. Their use as fruit plantations.
    C. Their capability of improving air quality.
    D. Their stable supply of building materials.

54. 是什么导致我们对森林日益增长的渴望？
A.他们独特的美景。
B.用作水果种植园。
C.他们改善空气质量的能力。
D.他们稳定的建筑材料供应。

54.【定位】由题干中的our increasing desire for forests 定位到第三段倒数第二句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，现在森林越来越受欢迎，因为它们吸收空气中的碳污染。由此可见，森林可以改善空气质量，故答案为C。

【避错】A“它们独特的美丽风景”、B“它们可用于种植水果”、D“它们可以稳定输出建筑材料”均未在文中提及，故排除。

2020-12-02-55.—推理判断题—难—定位按“题文同序原则”，第5题第五段—推理—由“The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere”推出“Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite Directions”

55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?【原文：The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that landis being taken out of use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees,however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.】
    A. Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
    B. It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.
    C. Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slowdown.
    D. Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite Directions.

55. 作者对造林的前景有什么结论？
A.撒哈拉以南非洲的沙漠将逐渐减少。
B.它将在人们的生活中扮演越来越重要的角色。
C.发展中国家的森林破坏将迅速减缓。
D.发达国家和发展中国家正朝着相反的方向发展。

55.【定位】由题干中的conclude和 prospects of forestation定位到最后一段最后一句。

D
【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，西方国家森林的增长似乎和其他地方的森林砍伐一样几乎势不可挡。此句作为文章结尾，呼应开头提到的西方富裕国家森林增多，有些发展中国家森林减少。由此推断，作者认为，发达国家和发展中国家正在朝相反的方向发展，故答案为 D。

【避错】由文章最后一句可知，作者认为，西方国家的森林会继续增长，而发展中国家的森林砍伐仍将继续，故A提到的撤哈拉以南的非洲地区的森林将会继续减少，而不是沙漠减少，因此排除。
文中没有提及 B“它会在人们的生活中扮演越来越重要的角色”，故排除。
C中提到的“发展中国家的森林破坏"将会继续，而不是迅速减少，故排除。

2020-12-03

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